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Electrical Vibrations of Yeast Cell Membrane
Electrical Vibrations of Yeast Cell Membrane

... Fröhlich postulated electrically polar longitudinal vibrations in biological systems [1–4]. The vibrations generate endogenous electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic field is generated in a broad frequency spectrum. The oscillations in megahertz [5], gigahertz [6, 7], far infra red [8], visible ...
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PAST PAPER Q part 1

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Cell division and mitosis
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Cell membrane



The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings. It consists of the phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. Cell membranes are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell adhesion, ion conductivity and cell signalling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures, including the cell wall, glycocalyx, and intracellular cytoskeleton. Cell membranes can be artificially reassembled.
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