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lecture1-GENERAL PHA..
lecture1-GENERAL PHA..

...  Know the meaning of pharmacology and its branches.  Discuss the different routes of drug administration  Identify the advantages and disadvantages of various routes of drug administration  Know the various mechanisms of drug absorption  List different factors affecting drug absorption ...
The Neurobiology of Addiction
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... ddiction remains one of society’s major public health problems, posing a significant threat to the health as well as the social and economic fabric of individuals, families, communities, and nations. Over the past two decades, preclinical and clinical studies have yielded significant new information ...
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Intelligence Science for Creating a Brain

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... Numerous studies show that the administration of drugs is challenging, particularly the intravenous administration of drugs by infusion is often associated with adverse drug events [1,2]. There are many reasons for this, such as the complex pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of critical d ...
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... Chromatolysis: may last several months. •Nissl bodies disperse, peripheral nucleus. •Soma producing: Free ribosomes, protein, RNA and other molecules. •The axon and myelin sheath distal to the lesion degenerates as far as the axon collateral •sprouting of the axon into endoneurium •guiding by prolif ...
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Neuropsychopharmacology

Neuropsychopharmacology, an interdisciplinary science related to psychopharmacology (how drugs affect the mind) and fundamental neuroscience, is the study of the neural mechanisms that drugs act upon to influence behavior. It entails research of mechanisms of neuropathology, pharmacodynamics (drug action), psychiatric illness, and states of consciousness. These studies are instigated at the detailed level involving neurotransmission/receptor activity, bio-chemical processes, and neural circuitry. Neuropsychopharmacology supersedes psychopharmacology in the areas of ""how"" and ""why"", and additionally addresses other issues of brain function. Accordingly, the clinical aspect of the field includes psychiatric (psychoactive) as well as neurologic (non-psychoactive) pharmacology-based treatments.Developments in neuropsychopharmacology may directly impact the studies of anxiety disorders, affective disorders, psychotic disorders, degenerative disorders, eating behavior, and sleep behavior.The way fundamental processes of the brain are being discovered is creating a field on par with other “hard sciences” such as chemistry, biology, and physics, so that eventually it may be possible to repair mental illness with ultimate precision. An analogy can be drawn between the brain and an electronic device: neuropsychopharmacology is tantamount to revealing not only the schematic diagram, but the individual components, and every principle of their operation. The bank of amassed detail and complexity involved is huge; mere samples of some of the details are given in this article.
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