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Tetracyclines
Tetracyclines

... concentrations are somewhat blunted. Elimination is primarily biliary, and no dosage adjustment is needed for patients with renal insufficiency. In addition to the tetracycline class effects, the chief adverse effect of tigecycline is nausea, which occurs in up to one third of patients, and occasion ...
Counterfeit medicines in less developed countries
Counterfeit medicines in less developed countries

... through the ports of Hong Kong and Shenzhen. South East Asia more generally is a major source of counterfeit medicines. According to the WHO, Cambodia had 2800 illegal medicine sellers and 1000 unregistered drugs on the market in 2003. The same report showed that Laos had about 2100 illegal medicine ...
Do Now
Do Now

... will die if you don’t get enough sleep.” True or False?  True (by extrapolation).  Rats who are deprived of sleep die within a couple of weeks. This is because their homeostatic mechanisms (that control physiological processes) are linked to the sleep-wake cycle. The human record for going without ...
Pharma. MCQs
Pharma. MCQs

... Reference: Lippincott’s Pharmacology, 3rd Ed. ...
The Brain and Cranial Nerves
The Brain and Cranial Nerves

... AR ...
Subunit Composition of N-Methyl-D
Subunit Composition of N-Methyl-D

... tion of native NMDA receptors, previous pharmacological studies of NMDA receptors using radioligand binding and electrophysiological techniques have shown evidence for heterogeneity in native NMDA receptors in the vertebrate central nervous system (Beaton et al., 1992; Stern et al., 1992; Sakurai et ...
Motor pathways - autonomic Nervous system
Motor pathways - autonomic Nervous system

... Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) function  The ANS major function is to maintain homeostasis  The ANS :  functions via visceral (subconscious) reflexes  The autonomic system is coordinated primarily by the hypothalamus and the medulla (higher centers)  The brain stem and the spinal cord seem to ...
Seizures basic level - University of Cincinnati Gardner Neuroscience
Seizures basic level - University of Cincinnati Gardner Neuroscience

... If you are having a partial seizure, the disturbance in brain activity begins in or involves a distinct area of your brain. The nature of these seizures is usually determined by the function of the part of your brain that is involved. For example, if the motor cortex area of your brain is affected, ...
The Fine Structure of Slow-Wave Sleep Oscillations: from Single
The Fine Structure of Slow-Wave Sleep Oscillations: from Single

... wakefulness. Finally, some pathological states also display clear-cut oscillations, such as the “spike-and-wave” patterns (∼3 Hz) characteristic of many types of generalized epileptic seizures. The cellular bases of slow-wave sleep oscillations have been investigated since the first extracellular an ...
Mechanism of action and toxicity of organochlorines
Mechanism of action and toxicity of organochlorines

... High organochlorine levels may cause myocardial instability and arrythmias Organochlorines may induce microsomal activity and increase drug metabolism Hexachlorobenzene has been responsible for ...
RNA Oxidation Is a Prominent Feature of
RNA Oxidation Is a Prominent Feature of

... and distribution of oxidative damage to RNA, which may be susceptible to reactive oxygen attack because of its widespread cytosolic distribution. We examined AD and control cases immunocytochemically with antibodies recognizing both oxidized nucleosides, 8-OHdG and 8-hydroxyguanosine (8OHG), which a ...
Annexure A: Ethical approval  116
Annexure A: Ethical approval 116

... Ferro M, Doyle A. (2001) Standardisation for In Vitro Toxicity Tests. Cell Biology and Toxicology 17: 205-212. Filipak Neto F, Zanata SM, Silva de Assis HC, Naka LS, Randi MAF, Oliveira Ribeiro CA. (2008) Toxic effects of DDT and methyl mercury on the hepatocytes from Hoplias malabaricus. Toxicology ...
Relevance of variation in use of terminology to define generic
Relevance of variation in use of terminology to define generic

... drugs requires that doctors, pharmacists, and patients be informed and willing to exchange one product for another (8). If they have doubts about the production standards or quality of generic medicines, they are often in a position to refuse them. Another relevant component of a generic drug policy ...
Margolin
Margolin

... rather, if prohibition has any merit at all, on both philosophical and pragmatic levels. However, the paper does not address the pragmatic arguments that have been made in favor of decriminalization. This paper will not discuss the racial bias involved in the enforcement of drug laws, the exorbitant ...
avian brain nomenclature forum
avian brain nomenclature forum

... accumbens in the past; see below). It is not definitively clear at present whether a small part of the archistriatum is also subpallial (Redies et al., 2001; we will approach this point at the meeting). In any case, the archistriatal complex is in a topological position and shows connections and neu ...
Use of renal risk drugs in hospitalized patients with impaired renal
Use of renal risk drugs in hospitalized patients with impaired renal

... Renal risk drugs that may also be renoprotective were used by 133 (66%) of the patients with RI stages 3, 4 and 5, compared with 251 users (41%) among those with stages 1 and 2. Among the drugs with potential dual functions, ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II inhibitors were the most frequently presc ...
Pharmacology and the Nursing Process, 4th ed. Lilley/Harrington
Pharmacology and the Nursing Process, 4th ed. Lilley/Harrington

... and Drug Effects (cont’d) ...
Altered States of Consciousness
Altered States of Consciousness

... Adapted from How the Brain Might Work: A New Theory of Consciousness By SANDRA BLAKESLEE ...
Peripheral Nervous System - cK-12
Peripheral Nervous System - cK-12

... The motor division of the peripheral system carries messages from the central nervous system to internal organs and muscles. The motor division is also divided into two parts (Figure 1.4), the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The somatic nervous system carries messages that c ...
What Is the Nervous System?
What Is the Nervous System?

... The cell body controls the cell’s basic functions. Axon Impulses travel along axons toward other cells. ...
studying the isolated central nervous system
studying the isolated central nervous system

... electrogenic sodium pump component of the membrane potential. Barbara York showed that the snail neuron was sensitive to the oxygen concentration around the neuron and that reducing the Po2 brought about a depolarization of the membrane potential, whilst increasing the Po2 hyperpolarized the neuron, ...
Document
Document

... Monitor mental status. Establish IV access. Determine blood glucose Level. Monitor the cardiac rhythm. Reassure the patient and transport. ...
Adaptive neural coding: from biological to behavioral decision
Adaptive neural coding: from biological to behavioral decision

... A critical step in understanding context-dependent choice behavior is identifying how neural circuits represent value-related information. While many brain areas are modulated by rewards, electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies have identified specific neural circuits that represent the subjec ...
File
File

... This is a favorite lab of both my undergraduate intro bio students as well as teachers that attend my APSI. It is easy to set-up, inexpensive, and can be used to demonstrate taste perception on a few levels. It is best not to tell them what receptors are affected, but let them discover that on their ...
www.goertzel.org/dynapsyc/2007/mirrorself.pdf
www.goertzel.org/dynapsyc/2007/mirrorself.pdf

... The Intrinsic Sociality of the Self In what sense may it be said that the self of an individual human being is a “social” system? A special issue of "Journal of Consciousness Studies" (Thompson, 2001) provides an excellent summary of recent research and thinking on this topic. A basic theme of sever ...
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Neuropsychopharmacology

Neuropsychopharmacology, an interdisciplinary science related to psychopharmacology (how drugs affect the mind) and fundamental neuroscience, is the study of the neural mechanisms that drugs act upon to influence behavior. It entails research of mechanisms of neuropathology, pharmacodynamics (drug action), psychiatric illness, and states of consciousness. These studies are instigated at the detailed level involving neurotransmission/receptor activity, bio-chemical processes, and neural circuitry. Neuropsychopharmacology supersedes psychopharmacology in the areas of ""how"" and ""why"", and additionally addresses other issues of brain function. Accordingly, the clinical aspect of the field includes psychiatric (psychoactive) as well as neurologic (non-psychoactive) pharmacology-based treatments.Developments in neuropsychopharmacology may directly impact the studies of anxiety disorders, affective disorders, psychotic disorders, degenerative disorders, eating behavior, and sleep behavior.The way fundamental processes of the brain are being discovered is creating a field on par with other “hard sciences” such as chemistry, biology, and physics, so that eventually it may be possible to repair mental illness with ultimate precision. An analogy can be drawn between the brain and an electronic device: neuropsychopharmacology is tantamount to revealing not only the schematic diagram, but the individual components, and every principle of their operation. The bank of amassed detail and complexity involved is huge; mere samples of some of the details are given in this article.
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