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Nociceptors: the sensors of the pain pathway
Nociceptors: the sensors of the pain pathway

... by detecting extremes in temperature and pressure and injury-related chemicals, and transducing these stimuli into long-ranging electrical signals that are relayed to higher brain centers. The activation of functionally distinct cutaneous nociceptor populations and the processing of information they ...
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... the scope of pharmacogenetics–pharmaco­ kinetics research. However, in the past few years, substantial knowledge in this field has been accumulated, and a review of the literature reveals that there are now over 170 gene products known or expected to have a role in drug disposition (BOX 3). These in ...
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Y.I. Molkov, Baroreflex models, Encyclopedia of Computational
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... TDP-43 impairs axonal trafficking of mRNA granules to distal axons [41]. Similarly, reduced levels of survival of motor neuron (SMN) decrease axonal mRNA localization and human SMN1 mutations that alter the amount of functional protein are responsible for most SMA cases [42]. Reduced SMN levels, suc ...
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... neurogenic following an acute excitotoxic lesion. Similar to astrocytes of adult germinal niches, these activated parenchymal progenitors express nestin and generate neurons through the formation of transit amplifying progenitors. These results shed new light on the neurogenic potential of the adult ...
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The Neurophysiological Basis of Learning and Memory in Advanced

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Localization of the MARCKS (87 kDa) Protein, A Major Specific
Localization of the MARCKS (87 kDa) Protein, A Major Specific

... a cannula placed through the heart into the aorta. Fixatives containing either 4% formaldehyde (freshly depolymerized from paraformaldehyde) or 2% formaldehyde and 1.25% glutaraldehyde in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) were found to give identical immunostaining patterns, but the mixture of ...
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Neuropsychopharmacology

Neuropsychopharmacology, an interdisciplinary science related to psychopharmacology (how drugs affect the mind) and fundamental neuroscience, is the study of the neural mechanisms that drugs act upon to influence behavior. It entails research of mechanisms of neuropathology, pharmacodynamics (drug action), psychiatric illness, and states of consciousness. These studies are instigated at the detailed level involving neurotransmission/receptor activity, bio-chemical processes, and neural circuitry. Neuropsychopharmacology supersedes psychopharmacology in the areas of ""how"" and ""why"", and additionally addresses other issues of brain function. Accordingly, the clinical aspect of the field includes psychiatric (psychoactive) as well as neurologic (non-psychoactive) pharmacology-based treatments.Developments in neuropsychopharmacology may directly impact the studies of anxiety disorders, affective disorders, psychotic disorders, degenerative disorders, eating behavior, and sleep behavior.The way fundamental processes of the brain are being discovered is creating a field on par with other “hard sciences” such as chemistry, biology, and physics, so that eventually it may be possible to repair mental illness with ultimate precision. An analogy can be drawn between the brain and an electronic device: neuropsychopharmacology is tantamount to revealing not only the schematic diagram, but the individual components, and every principle of their operation. The bank of amassed detail and complexity involved is huge; mere samples of some of the details are given in this article.
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