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Natural Hormone Booklet
Natural Hormone Booklet

... There are no large population studies on natural hormone due to the lack of interest by the conventional drug companies and lack of appropriate research funding by the relevant government bodies. It is therefore not possible to say that it is safe to use natural hormone replacement therapy for long ...
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The AMPA receptor antagonist perampanel robustly rescues
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... to treat ALS are largely based on studies in SOD1 transgenic mice2–4, the most widely used ALS animal model, but virtually all of these drugs have proven ineffective5–7. Therefore, a novel strategy for drug development that exploits evaluation markers that are closely linked with ALS pathogenesis wo ...
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Impulsivity-related brain volume deficits in schizophrenia

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BOOK 1: Nervous system anatomy and function
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... phase of the action potential) and returns to its resting value. The neuronal membrane actually does not determine the direction ions flow, as it only becomes “open” or “closed” for an ion to move across. Rather, concentration gradients inside and outside the cell determine which direction ions flow ...
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Electrical stimulation of neural tissue to evoke behavioral responses
Electrical stimulation of neural tissue to evoke behavioral responses

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Insomnia - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
Insomnia - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident

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Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics for Medical Students: A

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Sten Grillner

... I could show that, indeed, the gamma-motoneurons become activated in parallel with the alpha-motoneurons. In Lundberg’s laboratory, the PhD students were rather independent and left to their own initiatives, but in a stimulating environment. He was involved mainly in reviewing the manuscripts—but he ...
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Neuropsychopharmacology

Neuropsychopharmacology, an interdisciplinary science related to psychopharmacology (how drugs affect the mind) and fundamental neuroscience, is the study of the neural mechanisms that drugs act upon to influence behavior. It entails research of mechanisms of neuropathology, pharmacodynamics (drug action), psychiatric illness, and states of consciousness. These studies are instigated at the detailed level involving neurotransmission/receptor activity, bio-chemical processes, and neural circuitry. Neuropsychopharmacology supersedes psychopharmacology in the areas of ""how"" and ""why"", and additionally addresses other issues of brain function. Accordingly, the clinical aspect of the field includes psychiatric (psychoactive) as well as neurologic (non-psychoactive) pharmacology-based treatments.Developments in neuropsychopharmacology may directly impact the studies of anxiety disorders, affective disorders, psychotic disorders, degenerative disorders, eating behavior, and sleep behavior.The way fundamental processes of the brain are being discovered is creating a field on par with other “hard sciences” such as chemistry, biology, and physics, so that eventually it may be possible to repair mental illness with ultimate precision. An analogy can be drawn between the brain and an electronic device: neuropsychopharmacology is tantamount to revealing not only the schematic diagram, but the individual components, and every principle of their operation. The bank of amassed detail and complexity involved is huge; mere samples of some of the details are given in this article.
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