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New Features of Connectivity in Piriform Cortex Visualized by
New Features of Connectivity in Piriform Cortex Visualized by

... Depth distribution of intrinsic associational axons Analysis of the depth distribution of axonal arbors in piriform cortex can provide insight into postsynaptic targets as a consequence of the laminar segregation of different neuronal elements. Although depth distributions of intrinsic projections h ...
CHANGES AND CHALLENGES: GIST, MUTATED c-KIT AND IMATINIB RESISTANCE  Sabrina Pricl
CHANGES AND CHALLENGES: GIST, MUTATED c-KIT AND IMATINIB RESISTANCE Sabrina Pricl

... Tumori in Milan, Italy showed evidence of progressing GIST disease despite of Imatinib treatment. Accordingly, they were investigated for the presence of KIT and PDGFRA gene mutations. All patients showed the presence of activating mutations in exon 11. In particular: three patients exhibit the foll ...
The amygdala - University of Puget Sound
The amygdala - University of Puget Sound

... of emotional responses? One possibility is that activation of the inhibitory intercalated cells by the lateral and basal amygdala may inhibit the central amygdala output cells, thus disinhibiting their targets and leading to the expression of responses. The flow of information through amygdala circu ...
Chemical Transmitters and Modulation of Sleep
Chemical Transmitters and Modulation of Sleep

... and sleep recovery and examining c-Fos expression as an indicator of cell activity, we found that across the BF and the adjacent preoptic area, more cells including cholinergie neurons were active during waking than during sleep and thus contribute to generating a waking state. On the other hand, th ...
Consolidation
Consolidation

... that argue against these possibilities (Spevack and Suboski, 1969, King, 1967). While these explanations fell short of providing a more compelling explanation, they raised the possibility that there may be more to retrograde amnesia with respect to ECS than can be determined by a simple analysis. Ot ...
Chapter 3: Effects Of Amphetamine-Type Stimulants
Chapter 3: Effects Of Amphetamine-Type Stimulants

... Despite grounds to be concerned about the cognitive impact of long term ecstasy use, definitive evidence is lacking (Turner & Parrot, 2000). Studies of MDMA users, particularly heavy users, report poorer function on cognitive tests involving working memory and executive function. In a recent review ...
Regulation of neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus by
Regulation of neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus by

... application of 100 µM resveratrol the frequency of sEPSCs significantly increased to 4.2 ± 0.8 Hz (range from 0.8 to 8.2 Hz, n = 8, p < 0.05) (Figures 1A–C). The average amplitude of sEPSCs was 13.2 ± 1.4 pA (range from 7.5 to 19.2 pA) before and 10.3 ± 0.6 pA (range from 8.0 to 13.7 pA) after appli ...
Recommendations for Diagnosing a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A
Recommendations for Diagnosing a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A

... various acute symptoms, including a brief LOC, might have been present prior to their arrival at the scene. The mildest of injuries can be difficult to identify, even by first responders. Because post-traumatic confusion or amnesia usually persists for a period beyond LOC (Fig. 1), patients typicall ...
Mixing and compatibility guide for commonly used aerosolized
Mixing and compatibility guide for commonly used aerosolized

... therapy.1,2 On the other hand, compatibility information for inhaled aerosolized medications is limited.3,4 A compatibility chart can potentially save time by answering the most common questions about admixtures. A chart can provide a quick and easy reference for medical personnel about compatibilit ...
9a-Pain Sensation
9a-Pain Sensation

... This type of pain is perceived as a result of stimulation of pain receptors in the skin. Pain receptors are slowly-adapting receptors, which continuously inform the CNS about tissue damage. Pathway for cutaneous pain sensation: Cutaneous pain is conducted from pain receptors along two types of affer ...
fast dissolving tablets: preparation, characterization and evaluation
fast dissolving tablets: preparation, characterization and evaluation

... drawback of solid dosage forms is the difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia) or chewing in some patients particularly pediatric and geriatric patients. The problem of swallowing is common phenomenon in geriatric patient due to fear of choking, hand tremors, dysphasia and in young individuals due to un ...
FOI 204-1314 document 1 - Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)
FOI 204-1314 document 1 - Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)

... human platelets. In vitro studies in animals also suggest that sertraline is a potent and selective inhibitor of neuronal serotonin reuptake and has only very weak effects on noradrenaline and dopamine neuronal reuptake. In vitro studies have shown that sertraline has no significant affinity to adre ...
MSTd Neuronal Basis Functions for the Population Encoding of
MSTd Neuronal Basis Functions for the Population Encoding of

... because they can be combined linearly to approximate any nonlinear functions of the encoded variables. We investigated whether dorsal medial superior temporal (MSTd) area neurons use basis functions to simultaneously encode heading direction, eye position, and the velocity of ocular pursuit. Using o ...
antipyretic activity of methanol extract of acacia leucophloea roxb bark
antipyretic activity of methanol extract of acacia leucophloea roxb bark

... in prostaglandin levels in the brain. Antipyretic are drugs, which reduce the elevated body temperature. Regulation of body temperature requires a delicate balance between production and loss of heat, and the hypothalamus regulates the set point at which body temperature is maintained. In fever this ...
the spinal cord and the influence of its damage on
the spinal cord and the influence of its damage on

... In spinal cord injury, the destruction of nerve fibres that carry motor signals from the brain to the torso and limbs leads to muscle paralysis. Destruction of sensory nerve fibres can lead to loss of sensations such as touch, pressure and temperature. Largely unknown is that the spinal cord control ...
Therapeutics Week 3
Therapeutics Week 3

... The SANS stimulates the radial smooth muscles, producing an increase in pupil size • Dilated pupils are termed mydriasis The PANS stimulates the circular smooth muscles, producing a decrease in pupil size • Constricted pupils are termed myosis ...
Baytril Tablets_5.5pt
Baytril Tablets_5.5pt

... Gastrointestinal: anorexia, diarrhea, vomiting, elevated liver enzymes Neurologic: ataxia, seizures Behavioral: depression, lethargy, nervousness Cats: No drug-related side effects were reported in 124 cats treated with Baytril® (brand of enrofloxacin) Tablets at 5.0 mg/kg per day for 10 days in cli ...
Tetracyclines
Tetracyclines

... filtration. They will accumulate in the body in patients with depressed renal function; EXCEPT doxycycline -not eliminated via the same pathways as other TET. The drug is excreted in the feces, largely as an inactive conjugate. Thus one of the safest of the TET for the treatment of extrarenal infect ...
PDF
PDF

... (C) compared with controls (A) and Ntn1trap/trap hypomorphs (B), with some axons projecting dorsally (arrow). (D-F) Neurofilament (NF) stains show grossly normal organization of the spinal cord in E11.5 null mutants. (G-J) Robo3 staining of open-book preparations of E11.5 spinal cords (G) show that ...
18
18

... How does the human brain make sense of the 3D world while its visual input, the retinal images, are only two-dimensional? There are multiple depth-cues exploited by the brain to create a 3D model of the world. Despite the importance of this subject both for scientists and engineers, the underlying c ...
Titles are 40 points
Titles are 40 points

... Adrenergic Receptors • Located throughout the body • Are receptors for the sympathetic neurotransmitters Alpha-adrenergic receptors: respond to NE Beta-adrenergic receptors: respond to EPI ...
Chapter 40 Neural Regulation
Chapter 40 Neural Regulation

... • Long-term memory storage • Gene activation • Long-term functional changes at synapses Copyright © 2005 Brooks/Cole — Thomson Learning ...
Committee on Drugs 1997;99;918 DOI: 10.1542/peds.99.6.918
Committee on Drugs 1997;99;918 DOI: 10.1542/peds.99.6.918

... circulation of these drugs is noted in adults, which affects drug response, especially with repeated dosing.3 The relative immaturity of hepatic enzyme systems that metabolize drugs in young children may enhance the risk of adverse effects of such medications, especially in infants younger than 6 mo ...
The organisation of the stress response, and its relevance to
The organisation of the stress response, and its relevance to

... It is in times of sustained or repeated activation that the stress response may alter [7]. Due to the intricate nature of the above systems, systematic changes can cause dramatic effects on organs, which otherwise would be activated in advantage for the organism [9]. Repeated stimulation of hormones ...
Visual speech circuits in profound acquired
Visual speech circuits in profound acquired

... It is commonly held that losing one sense provokes cross-modal takeover of deprived cortical areas, and therefore results in a benefit for the remaining modalities. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we assessed the impact of acquired deafness on the brain network related to speechr ...
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Neuropsychopharmacology

Neuropsychopharmacology, an interdisciplinary science related to psychopharmacology (how drugs affect the mind) and fundamental neuroscience, is the study of the neural mechanisms that drugs act upon to influence behavior. It entails research of mechanisms of neuropathology, pharmacodynamics (drug action), psychiatric illness, and states of consciousness. These studies are instigated at the detailed level involving neurotransmission/receptor activity, bio-chemical processes, and neural circuitry. Neuropsychopharmacology supersedes psychopharmacology in the areas of ""how"" and ""why"", and additionally addresses other issues of brain function. Accordingly, the clinical aspect of the field includes psychiatric (psychoactive) as well as neurologic (non-psychoactive) pharmacology-based treatments.Developments in neuropsychopharmacology may directly impact the studies of anxiety disorders, affective disorders, psychotic disorders, degenerative disorders, eating behavior, and sleep behavior.The way fundamental processes of the brain are being discovered is creating a field on par with other “hard sciences” such as chemistry, biology, and physics, so that eventually it may be possible to repair mental illness with ultimate precision. An analogy can be drawn between the brain and an electronic device: neuropsychopharmacology is tantamount to revealing not only the schematic diagram, but the individual components, and every principle of their operation. The bank of amassed detail and complexity involved is huge; mere samples of some of the details are given in this article.
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