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brain - The Institute of Mathematical Sciences
brain - The Institute of Mathematical Sciences

... cells in the hippocampus — that region involved in storing memories — fired when mice slept, the scientists found. The photo shows the hippocampus region of the brain of a mouse that was genetically modified with a gene that creates a green fluorescent protein. So the neurons glow green when they fi ...
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... be discovered by primitive humans and are still the most widely used group of pharmacologic agents. In addition to their use in therapy, many drugs acting on the CNS are used without prescription to increase one's sense of well-being. The mechanisms by which various drugs act in the CNS have not alw ...
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... Three-dimensional schematic of a portion of the cerebral cortex. The pieces are from the postcentral and and precentral gyri. Within the cortex are six layers in which cells and their processes are located. A. Lamination pattern of neurons from the somatic sensory cortex (postcentral gyrus) is shown ...
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... peripheral nervous system (PNS). • The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord. The brain is protected by the skull, and the spinal cord by the skeletal vertebrae. • The PNS includes all other nervous system structures that sit outside the CNS but that help connect the CNS to areas of the body. ...
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... different from the human brain in several ways. First, the human brain has many folds called gyri; the rat’s brain is smooth in appearance. Second, the olfactory bulbs (for smelling) of the rat brain are proportionately much larger than in the human brain. Third, the cerebral cortex (where higher le ...
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W5D3H3: Sensory Receptors

... • Understanding how external signals are detected and encoded by the nervous system is essential to a bigpicture understanding of how stimuli are detected and interpreted by the nervous system. Because defects in this process constrain the well-being and quality of life for many people and because c ...
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Neuropsychopharmacology

Neuropsychopharmacology, an interdisciplinary science related to psychopharmacology (how drugs affect the mind) and fundamental neuroscience, is the study of the neural mechanisms that drugs act upon to influence behavior. It entails research of mechanisms of neuropathology, pharmacodynamics (drug action), psychiatric illness, and states of consciousness. These studies are instigated at the detailed level involving neurotransmission/receptor activity, bio-chemical processes, and neural circuitry. Neuropsychopharmacology supersedes psychopharmacology in the areas of ""how"" and ""why"", and additionally addresses other issues of brain function. Accordingly, the clinical aspect of the field includes psychiatric (psychoactive) as well as neurologic (non-psychoactive) pharmacology-based treatments.Developments in neuropsychopharmacology may directly impact the studies of anxiety disorders, affective disorders, psychotic disorders, degenerative disorders, eating behavior, and sleep behavior.The way fundamental processes of the brain are being discovered is creating a field on par with other “hard sciences” such as chemistry, biology, and physics, so that eventually it may be possible to repair mental illness with ultimate precision. An analogy can be drawn between the brain and an electronic device: neuropsychopharmacology is tantamount to revealing not only the schematic diagram, but the individual components, and every principle of their operation. The bank of amassed detail and complexity involved is huge; mere samples of some of the details are given in this article.
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