Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones – Nucleophilic Addition
... The two-step process (aldol addition plus dehydration) is called an aldol condensation. It is possible to carry out an aldol reaction between two different carbonyl compounds. Such reactions are called crossed or mixed aldol reactions. It requires that only one of the reactants is capable of forming ...
... The two-step process (aldol addition plus dehydration) is called an aldol condensation. It is possible to carry out an aldol reaction between two different carbonyl compounds. Such reactions are called crossed or mixed aldol reactions. It requires that only one of the reactants is capable of forming ...
Asymmetric Glycine Enolate Aldol Reactions
... dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give a pale (2R,4E)-2-Methyl-4-hexen-l-ol (8). To a 0 OC solution of 4.22 g yellow crystalline solid. Recrystallization from ethyl acetate/hexane (two (14.7 mmol) of (4R)-3-((2'R,4'E)-2'-methyl-4'-hexenoyl)-4-(phenylcrops) gave 201 g (84%) of ...
... dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give a pale (2R,4E)-2-Methyl-4-hexen-l-ol (8). To a 0 OC solution of 4.22 g yellow crystalline solid. Recrystallization from ethyl acetate/hexane (two (14.7 mmol) of (4R)-3-((2'R,4'E)-2'-methyl-4'-hexenoyl)-4-(phenylcrops) gave 201 g (84%) of ...
Direct organocatalytic enantioselective a-aminomethylation
... enantioselective Mannich-type reactions between hydroxyarylketones and preformed imines. In addition, Jørgensen and co-workers have developed elegant direct asymmetric Mannich reactions involving activated ketones as donors and chiral copper(II) bisoxazoline (BOX) complexes as catalysts.13 The rapid ...
... enantioselective Mannich-type reactions between hydroxyarylketones and preformed imines. In addition, Jørgensen and co-workers have developed elegant direct asymmetric Mannich reactions involving activated ketones as donors and chiral copper(II) bisoxazoline (BOX) complexes as catalysts.13 The rapid ...
Chapter 11 Lecture Notes: Alcohols, Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones
... Provide the missing reactant for each reaction. ...
... Provide the missing reactant for each reaction. ...
4888 Journal of the American Chemical Society 1OO:lS 1 July 19
... (iodoso compounds), although unknown as stable compound^,^ should also be capable of a similar syn elimination of hypoiodous acid (IOH). Alkyl iodides are inert to a number of oxidizing agents such as ozone, periodate, and hydrogen peroxide which serve to convert sulfides and selenides to their oxid ...
... (iodoso compounds), although unknown as stable compound^,^ should also be capable of a similar syn elimination of hypoiodous acid (IOH). Alkyl iodides are inert to a number of oxidizing agents such as ozone, periodate, and hydrogen peroxide which serve to convert sulfides and selenides to their oxid ...
Organometallic Compounds - Savita Pall and Chemistry
... Aldehydes react with Grignard reagent to give secondary alcohols, whilst ketones react with Grignard reagent to give tertiary alcohols. Methanal, is the only aldehyde that reacts with Grignard reagent to give a primary alcohol. Example: The reaction of methylmagnesium bromide and propanone The first ...
... Aldehydes react with Grignard reagent to give secondary alcohols, whilst ketones react with Grignard reagent to give tertiary alcohols. Methanal, is the only aldehyde that reacts with Grignard reagent to give a primary alcohol. Example: The reaction of methylmagnesium bromide and propanone The first ...
Catalysis in Biodiesel Production by Transesterification
... formation of the alkyl ester and the corresponding anion of diglyceride. The final step involves deprotonating the catalyst, thus regenerating the active species, which is now able to react with a second molecule of the alcohol, starting another catalytic cycle. Diglycerides and monoglycerides are c ...
... formation of the alkyl ester and the corresponding anion of diglyceride. The final step involves deprotonating the catalyst, thus regenerating the active species, which is now able to react with a second molecule of the alcohol, starting another catalytic cycle. Diglycerides and monoglycerides are c ...
PPT File
... 10.3 Elimination Reactions of Alcohols Elimination of water, dehydration, is commonly obtained using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as a catalyst. ...
... 10.3 Elimination Reactions of Alcohols Elimination of water, dehydration, is commonly obtained using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as a catalyst. ...
Substitution and Elimination Reactions . 7.1. Definitions.
... O making a new bond to the electrophilic C, and the bond between the electrophilic C and the leaving group I breaking. Any Brønsted base can also act as a nucleophile, and any nucleophile can also act as a Brønsted base, but some compounds are particularly good bases and particularly poor nucleophil ...
... O making a new bond to the electrophilic C, and the bond between the electrophilic C and the leaving group I breaking. Any Brønsted base can also act as a nucleophile, and any nucleophile can also act as a Brønsted base, but some compounds are particularly good bases and particularly poor nucleophil ...
PHASE TRANSFER CATALYSIS IN PHARMACEUTICAL
... Synthesis of Sibenadet hydrochloride ñ a potent drug used for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, includes O-alkylation process carried out on about one hundred kilogram scale in PTC system (2). ...
... Synthesis of Sibenadet hydrochloride ñ a potent drug used for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, includes O-alkylation process carried out on about one hundred kilogram scale in PTC system (2). ...
A Direct Access to 3-(2-Oxoalkyl)indoles via
... Abstract: 3-Methylindole is acylated regioselectively at the methyl group when treated with a variety of acyl chlorides in 1,2-dichloroethane in the presence of AlCl3, affording a mild and direct method for the synthesis of 3-(2-oxoalkyl)indoles. The product formation in this one-pot reaction largel ...
... Abstract: 3-Methylindole is acylated regioselectively at the methyl group when treated with a variety of acyl chlorides in 1,2-dichloroethane in the presence of AlCl3, affording a mild and direct method for the synthesis of 3-(2-oxoalkyl)indoles. The product formation in this one-pot reaction largel ...
Lecture 31 Homogeneous catalysis
... substrate molecule to product molecules is defined as the turnover number. In other words, the turnover number, TON, is the total number of substrate molecules that a catalyst can convert into product molecules. In homogeneous systems, the turnover frequency is defined as the number of molecules of ...
... substrate molecule to product molecules is defined as the turnover number. In other words, the turnover number, TON, is the total number of substrate molecules that a catalyst can convert into product molecules. In homogeneous systems, the turnover frequency is defined as the number of molecules of ...
evans enolate alkylation
... hydrazones, which can also be derived from amino acids. In particular 1-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidine is available either as its (S)- enantiomer (SAMP) or its (R)- enantiomer (RAMP); both are commercially available but rather expensive. Since the (S)- enantiomer can be prepared from (S)proline, ...
... hydrazones, which can also be derived from amino acids. In particular 1-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidine is available either as its (S)- enantiomer (SAMP) or its (R)- enantiomer (RAMP); both are commercially available but rather expensive. Since the (S)- enantiomer can be prepared from (S)proline, ...
Chapter 14 Notes
... • Cyclical hemiacetals and hemiketals are more stable than open chains and are important in carbohydrate chemistry. ...
... • Cyclical hemiacetals and hemiketals are more stable than open chains and are important in carbohydrate chemistry. ...
Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation by Reductive
... Oxidative Addition, Carbonyl and Benzylic Halide Substrates Titanium(II) bis(tetrahydrofuran) 1, generated by the treatm ent of TiCl4 in TH F with two equivalents of n-butyllithium at -7 8 °C, has been found to form carbon-carbon bonds with a variety of organic substrates by reductive coupling. Diph ...
... Oxidative Addition, Carbonyl and Benzylic Halide Substrates Titanium(II) bis(tetrahydrofuran) 1, generated by the treatm ent of TiCl4 in TH F with two equivalents of n-butyllithium at -7 8 °C, has been found to form carbon-carbon bonds with a variety of organic substrates by reductive coupling. Diph ...
Chapter 22 Alpha Substitution and Condensations of Enols
... • When C=C is conjugated with C=O, 1,2-addition or 1,4-addition may occur. • A 1,4-addition of an enolate ion is called the Michael reaction. ...
... • When C=C is conjugated with C=O, 1,2-addition or 1,4-addition may occur. • A 1,4-addition of an enolate ion is called the Michael reaction. ...
alcohols ws 1 - Chesterhouse School
... (d) Lactic acid is chiral. Draw displayed formulae of the two optical isomers of lactic acid clearly showing their three-dimensional structures. Indicate with an asterisk (*) the chiral carbon atom in each. ...
... (d) Lactic acid is chiral. Draw displayed formulae of the two optical isomers of lactic acid clearly showing their three-dimensional structures. Indicate with an asterisk (*) the chiral carbon atom in each. ...
Baylis–Hillman reaction
The Baylis–Hillman reaction is a carbon-carbon bond forming reaction between the α-position of an activated alkene and an aldehyde, or generally a carbon electrophile. Employing a nucleophilic catalyst, such as tertiary amine and phosphine, this reaction provides a densely functionalized product (e.g. functionalized allyl alcohol in the case of aldehyde as the electrophile). This reaction is also known as the Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction or MBH reaction. It is named for the Japanese chemist Ken-ichi Morita, the British chemist Anthony B. Baylis and the German chemist Melville E. D. Hillman.DABCO is one of the most frequently used tertiary amine catalysts for this reaction. In addition, nucleophilic amines such as DMAP and DBU as well as phosphines have been found to successfully catalyze this reaction.MBH reaction has several advantages as a useful synthetic method: 1) It is an atom-economic coupling of easily prepared starting materials. 2) Reaction of a pro-chiral electrophile generates a chiral center, therefore an asymmetric synthesis is possible. 3) Reaction products usually contain multiple functionalities in a proximity so that a variety of further transformations are possible. 4) It can employ a nucleophilic organo-catalytic system without the use of heavy metal under mild conditions.Several reviews have been written.