Question paper - Unit A173/02 - Module C7 - Higher tier (PDF
... Which of these statements describes what is happening at equilibrium? Put ticks (✓) in the boxes next to the two correct statements. The reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen has stopped. The forward and reverse reactions happen at the same rate. All of the nitrogen and hydrogen react to make ammon ...
... Which of these statements describes what is happening at equilibrium? Put ticks (✓) in the boxes next to the two correct statements. The reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen has stopped. The forward and reverse reactions happen at the same rate. All of the nitrogen and hydrogen react to make ammon ...
Welcome to 3FF3! Bio
... • D/L does NOT correlate with R/S • Most naturally occurring sugars are D, e.g. D-glucose • (R)-glyceraldehyde is optically active: rotates plane polarized light (def. of chirality) • (R)-D-glyceraldehyde rotates clockwise, it is the (+) enantiomer, and also d-, dextro-rotatory (rotates to the rig ...
... • D/L does NOT correlate with R/S • Most naturally occurring sugars are D, e.g. D-glucose • (R)-glyceraldehyde is optically active: rotates plane polarized light (def. of chirality) • (R)-D-glyceraldehyde rotates clockwise, it is the (+) enantiomer, and also d-, dextro-rotatory (rotates to the rig ...
AP Chemistry Summer Assignment
... foundation in chemistry and insure all students are on a relatively even plane. It will be important for everyone to come to class the first day prepared. While I review, extensive remediation is not an option as we work towards our goal of being 100% prepared for the AP Exam in early May 2016. Ther ...
... foundation in chemistry and insure all students are on a relatively even plane. It will be important for everyone to come to class the first day prepared. While I review, extensive remediation is not an option as we work towards our goal of being 100% prepared for the AP Exam in early May 2016. Ther ...
biodiesel production via acid catalysis
... investigate the effect of the molar ratio of alcohol, the reaction temperature, the catalyst amount, the reaction time, and the presence of water and free fatty acids on the completeness of acid-catalyzed transesterification. Transesterification is the chemical process of converting one ester, in th ...
... investigate the effect of the molar ratio of alcohol, the reaction temperature, the catalyst amount, the reaction time, and the presence of water and free fatty acids on the completeness of acid-catalyzed transesterification. Transesterification is the chemical process of converting one ester, in th ...
Semester Exam Review
... Answer the following questions about the element selenium, Se (atomic number 34). (a) Samples of natural selenium contain six stable isotopes. In terms of atomic structure, explain what these isotopes have in common, and how they differ. (b) Write the complete electron configuration (e.g., 1s2 2s2.. ...
... Answer the following questions about the element selenium, Se (atomic number 34). (a) Samples of natural selenium contain six stable isotopes. In terms of atomic structure, explain what these isotopes have in common, and how they differ. (b) Write the complete electron configuration (e.g., 1s2 2s2.. ...
MOLECULAR REPRESENTATIONS AND INFRARED
... predict features of the IR spectrum of molecules from their structures. Important IR absorption frequencies to know include: O‒H (alcohols, hydrogen bonded): 3200-3400 cm-1, strong and broad N‒H: 3200-3500 cm-1, medium intensity O‒H (carboxylic acids): 2500-3500 cm-1, broad peaks of variable intensi ...
... predict features of the IR spectrum of molecules from their structures. Important IR absorption frequencies to know include: O‒H (alcohols, hydrogen bonded): 3200-3400 cm-1, strong and broad N‒H: 3200-3500 cm-1, medium intensity O‒H (carboxylic acids): 2500-3500 cm-1, broad peaks of variable intensi ...
aldehydes and ketones
... In formaldehyde there is no alkyl group while in all other aldehyde there is one alkyl group so here the nucleophile attack is relatively more easy but in ketones there are two alkyl groups attached to carbonyl group and these causes hinderance, to the attacking group. This factor is called steric ...
... In formaldehyde there is no alkyl group while in all other aldehyde there is one alkyl group so here the nucleophile attack is relatively more easy but in ketones there are two alkyl groups attached to carbonyl group and these causes hinderance, to the attacking group. This factor is called steric ...
carbonyl compounds
... The functional group in aldehydes is –CHO on the end of a chain e.g. ethanal CH3CHO The functional group in ketones is C=O not at the end of a chain e.g. propanone CH3COCH3 Position of C=O needs to specified if ketone has five or more Cs i.e. butanone but pentan-2-one and pentan-3-one The characteri ...
... The functional group in aldehydes is –CHO on the end of a chain e.g. ethanal CH3CHO The functional group in ketones is C=O not at the end of a chain e.g. propanone CH3COCH3 Position of C=O needs to specified if ketone has five or more Cs i.e. butanone but pentan-2-one and pentan-3-one The characteri ...
Time
... A. cathode, and must be placed in a solution containing Ni2+(aq) B. anode, and must be placed in a solution containing Ni2+(aq) C. cathode, and must be placed in a solution containing Cu2+(aq) D. anode, and must be placed in a solution containing Cu2+(aq) ...
... A. cathode, and must be placed in a solution containing Ni2+(aq) B. anode, and must be placed in a solution containing Ni2+(aq) C. cathode, and must be placed in a solution containing Cu2+(aq) D. anode, and must be placed in a solution containing Cu2+(aq) ...
Chemistry 115 Lecture Number Seventeen Test Two Review April 2
... covered in lecture. Thank you to the student [sk] who put together these notes! They are an excellent review to help with preparing for the test. The solution to the Hess’s law part (a) of the Challenge Problem is also included at the end of these notes. Categorizing Chemical Reactions-2 main ways t ...
... covered in lecture. Thank you to the student [sk] who put together these notes! They are an excellent review to help with preparing for the test. The solution to the Hess’s law part (a) of the Challenge Problem is also included at the end of these notes. Categorizing Chemical Reactions-2 main ways t ...
284
... 31. Although we usually think of substances as “burning” only in oxygen gas, the process of rapid oxidation to produce a flame may also take place in other strongly oxidizing gases. For example, when lion is heated and placed in pure chlorine gas, the iron “burns” according to the following (unbala ...
... 31. Although we usually think of substances as “burning” only in oxygen gas, the process of rapid oxidation to produce a flame may also take place in other strongly oxidizing gases. For example, when lion is heated and placed in pure chlorine gas, the iron “burns” according to the following (unbala ...
spring semester review
... Ni(s) + 4CO(g) <--> Ni(CO)4(g) The reaction is exothermic. For each of the following questions #6-12, how would the following changes affect the above reaction if it is at equilibrium? Use the answer choices below: (a) Shifts right (b) shifts left (c) no change (d) can’t tell from the information gi ...
... Ni(s) + 4CO(g) <--> Ni(CO)4(g) The reaction is exothermic. For each of the following questions #6-12, how would the following changes affect the above reaction if it is at equilibrium? Use the answer choices below: (a) Shifts right (b) shifts left (c) no change (d) can’t tell from the information gi ...
Questions 1-2
... (B) Hydrogen bonds between H2O molecules are broken. (C) Covalent bonds between H2O molecules are broken. (D) Ionic bonds between H+ ions and OH- ions are broken. ...
... (B) Hydrogen bonds between H2O molecules are broken. (C) Covalent bonds between H2O molecules are broken. (D) Ionic bonds between H+ ions and OH- ions are broken. ...
Paper - Revision Science
... D it cannot be poisoned. (Total for Question 12 = 1 mark) 13 In the reaction of benzene with chloromethane, aluminium chloride is added because it reacts with A benzene to produce an electrophile. B benzene to produce a nucleophile. C chloromethane to produce a nucleophile. D chloromethane to produc ...
... D it cannot be poisoned. (Total for Question 12 = 1 mark) 13 In the reaction of benzene with chloromethane, aluminium chloride is added because it reacts with A benzene to produce an electrophile. B benzene to produce a nucleophile. C chloromethane to produce a nucleophile. D chloromethane to produc ...
Preparation and Physical Properties of Chitosan Benzoic Acid
... them attractive materials in such application fields. However, although they have been excellent candidates for practical uses and commercialization, their uses in daily life or industry have been greatly limited due mainly to their low solubility in common solvents and poor processability. To impar ...
... them attractive materials in such application fields. However, although they have been excellent candidates for practical uses and commercialization, their uses in daily life or industry have been greatly limited due mainly to their low solubility in common solvents and poor processability. To impar ...
Alcohols, Thiols, and Ethers Ch#5
... • The LiAlH4 (or LAH) will add two hydrides to the ester to form the primary alkyl halide. • The mechanism is similar to the attack of Grignards on esters. Chapter 10 ...
... • The LiAlH4 (or LAH) will add two hydrides to the ester to form the primary alkyl halide. • The mechanism is similar to the attack of Grignards on esters. Chapter 10 ...
Experiment 15: Reduction and Oxidation of Organic Compounds
... is the more powerful of the two, capable of reducing aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters and amides, NaBH4 is easier to handle and more selective, reducing only aldehydes and ketones. Sodium borohydride can be utilized under non-anhydrous conditions and in alcoholic solutions, in contrast t ...
... is the more powerful of the two, capable of reducing aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters and amides, NaBH4 is easier to handle and more selective, reducing only aldehydes and ketones. Sodium borohydride can be utilized under non-anhydrous conditions and in alcoholic solutions, in contrast t ...
AP - 04 - Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
... (b) Because this is an elemental form of sulfur, the oxidation number of S is 0 (rule 1). (c) Because this is a binary compound, we expect chlorine to have an oxidation number of −1 (rule 3c). The sum of the oxidation numbers must equal zero (rule 4). Letting x equal the oxidation number of S, we ha ...
... (b) Because this is an elemental form of sulfur, the oxidation number of S is 0 (rule 1). (c) Because this is a binary compound, we expect chlorine to have an oxidation number of −1 (rule 3c). The sum of the oxidation numbers must equal zero (rule 4). Letting x equal the oxidation number of S, we ha ...
Practice Exam 2
... a) there are no oxygen atoms to remove from the alcohol carbon. b) there are no hydrogen atoms attached to the alcohol carbon. c) the alcohol carbon is bonded to four groups so no oxygen can be added to it. d) the alcohol carbon is bonded to four groups so no hydrogen can be added to it. e) the alco ...
... a) there are no oxygen atoms to remove from the alcohol carbon. b) there are no hydrogen atoms attached to the alcohol carbon. c) the alcohol carbon is bonded to four groups so no oxygen can be added to it. d) the alcohol carbon is bonded to four groups so no hydrogen can be added to it. e) the alco ...
2-3
... as shown in Figure 2–15. If each carbon atom in a lipid’s fatty acid chains is joined to another carbon atom by a single bond, the lipid is said to be saturated. The term saturated is used because the fatty acids contain the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms. If there is at least one carbon- ...
... as shown in Figure 2–15. If each carbon atom in a lipid’s fatty acid chains is joined to another carbon atom by a single bond, the lipid is said to be saturated. The term saturated is used because the fatty acids contain the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms. If there is at least one carbon- ...
main types and mechanisms of the reactions in organic chemistry
... Task №3. Give the mechanism of ethylene bromination reaction. Solution. Reactions which undergo -bonds fision, i.e., addition reactions, are typical for compounds which consist of carbon atoms in the state of sp2- or sphybridization. These reactions can pass on radical or onic mechanism depending o ...
... Task №3. Give the mechanism of ethylene bromination reaction. Solution. Reactions which undergo -bonds fision, i.e., addition reactions, are typical for compounds which consist of carbon atoms in the state of sp2- or sphybridization. These reactions can pass on radical or onic mechanism depending o ...
CHEM 30
... In a high school chemistry lab, a student accidentally mixed a solution of CaCl2(aq) with a solution of Na2CO3(aq). A precipitate formed as a result. What is the overall ionic equation for the reaction described above? A. Ca2+(aq) + 2 Cl-(aq) + 2 Na+(aq) + CO32-(aq) → CaCO3(s) + 2 Na+(aq) + 2 Cl-(aq ...
... In a high school chemistry lab, a student accidentally mixed a solution of CaCl2(aq) with a solution of Na2CO3(aq). A precipitate formed as a result. What is the overall ionic equation for the reaction described above? A. Ca2+(aq) + 2 Cl-(aq) + 2 Na+(aq) + CO32-(aq) → CaCO3(s) + 2 Na+(aq) + 2 Cl-(aq ...
Nitrogen`s oxidation states
... A large amount of gaseous nitrogen is used as a purge gas in the petrochemical industry. Reactors and equipment are purged of oxygen and petroleum vapors before they are serviced in order to prevent explosions and fires. Approximately 10% of all N2 produced is used as a refrigerant in the form of li ...
... A large amount of gaseous nitrogen is used as a purge gas in the petrochemical industry. Reactors and equipment are purged of oxygen and petroleum vapors before they are serviced in order to prevent explosions and fires. Approximately 10% of all N2 produced is used as a refrigerant in the form of li ...
Nucleophilic acyl substitution
Nucleophilic acyl substitution describe a class of substitution reactions involving nucleophiles and acyl compounds. In this type of reaction, a nucleophile – such as an alcohol, amine, or enolate – displaces the leaving group of an acyl derivative – such as an acid halide, anhydride, or ester. The resulting product is a carbonyl-containing compound in which the nucleophile has taken the place of the leaving group present in the original acyl derivative. Because acyl derivatives react with a wide variety of nucleophiles, and because the product can depend on the particular type of acyl derivative and nucleophile involved, nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions can be used to synthesize a variety of different products.