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Proposal submitted to ISSI
Proposal submitted to ISSI

... will be surveyed to detect giant to Earth-size exoplanets in transit. Follow-up observations from ground-based telescopes are needed to constrain the planetary mass. For the first time, CoRoT will detect transiting sub-giant planets, i.e. super-Earths and Neptune-like planets. Knowing the planetary ...
Galaxies have different sizes and shapes.
Galaxies have different sizes and shapes.

THE SUN AND THE MOON
THE SUN AND THE MOON

... (LM). The trip to the Moon took about one week. In total, six Apollo missions landed on the Moon: Apollo 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, and 17. Only Apollo 13 did not succeed in its mission to land on the Moon; an explosion 200,000 miles from Earth caused the astronauts to abort their mission, and they managed ...
Georgia Online Formative Assessment Resource
Georgia Online Formative Assessment Resource

Journey to the Stars Educator`s Guide
Journey to the Stars Educator`s Guide

... years, stars were born more rapidly than at any other period in the history of the universe. Stars now form at a rate one-tenth as high. • About 4.5 billion years ago, within the Milky Way Galaxy, our Sun was born from a dense cloud of gas and dust, along with hundreds to thousands of other stars in ...
Archaeology of the Milky Way - Max-Planck
Archaeology of the Milky Way - Max-Planck

... are so far away that it is generally possible to make statements only about the system as a whole, since it isn’t possible to recognize individual stars. Rix went down a different path years ago. He investigates the galaxy that is closest to us: our Milky Way. “It is only in our own galactic home th ...
Vedic Cosmography and Astronomy 1
Vedic Cosmography and Astronomy 1

Collisions with Comets and Asteroids
Collisions with Comets and Asteroids

... out of its original orbit into an increasingly eccentric one. The asteroid may either leave the solar system or move in toward the terrestrial, rocky planets. Eventually, such vagrants collide with Mars, the earthmoon system, Venus, Mercury or even the sun. A major fragment enters the inner solar sy ...
main sequence
main sequence

Analytical mechanics calculations for finding reasons of retrograde
Analytical mechanics calculations for finding reasons of retrograde

... stars ,with one side in perpetual day ,the other in perpetual night[1]. These planets and moons rocky cores may come near day part as we have in our moon. In solar system without secondary events and factors ,when the rotation period was vary linear or any routine formula we had seen Venus day lengt ...
Venus Transit and the Astronomical Unit
Venus Transit and the Astronomical Unit

... Since A and B differ 9 in latitude and the circumference of Earth is given by 2r, the distance AB is given by AB = (2r/360) × 9 where r is the radius of Earth. Similarly, since the distance CD is 1/5 the solar diameter and the Sun subtends an angle of 30' or 0.5 at Earth, the angle  is 0.1, wh ...
Lesson #4: The Moon and its Phases
Lesson #4: The Moon and its Phases

The Origins of Astronomy: Prehistoric Peoples
The Origins of Astronomy: Prehistoric Peoples

... The Origins of Astronomy: Prehistoric Peoples and the Ancient Greeks The evolutionary origin of human consciousness is not well understood, but it is clear that at some point in our evolutionary history, an inner mental world apart from sensory impressions came to be – a life of the mind that began ...
Motions of the Sky
Motions of the Sky

... the day when it is due south, which is approximately 12:00 PM, but can be as early as about 11:30 AM and as late as 12:10 PM in Spokane. On average, the sun makes one complete rotation around the earth in 24 hours in its apparent daily motion, but the actual time varies a little bit from day to day. ...
Solar System
Solar System

... 4-5SYSA Systems contain subsystems and are themselves parts of larger systems 4-5 SYSB A System can do things that none of it’s subsystems can do by themselves 4-5 ES1A The earth is a huge ball in space. People are held on it’s surface by gravity. 4-5 ES1B Earth spins on it’s axis once a day and orb ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

Heavy Metal from Ancient Superstars
Heavy Metal from Ancient Superstars

...  In the early galaxy, elements were forming very quickly from new star formation.  The chemical mixture we see is different from the Solar System  We find a much smaller amount of “metals” mixed in with the hydrogen and helium  Heavy metals come only from supernovae – not from low mass stars ...
PPT Format of Slides
PPT Format of Slides

... 6.7 How Did the Solar System Form? Nebular contraction is followed by condensation around dust grains, known to exist in interstellar clouds such as the one shown here. Accretion then leads to larger and larger clumps; finally gravitational attraction takes over and planets form. © 2011 Pearson Edu ...
Chapter 6 The Solar System
Chapter 6 The Solar System

... 6.7 How Did the Solar System Form? Nebular contraction is followed by condensation around dust grains, known to exist in interstellar clouds such as the one shown here. Accretion then leads to larger and larger clumps; finally gravitational attraction takes over and planets form. © 2011 Pearson Edu ...
PLANETESIMALS TO BROWN DWARFS: What is a Planet?
PLANETESIMALS TO BROWN DWARFS: What is a Planet?

... differentiation, and other details about the body. Nonetheless each of these transitions is conceptually well defined and could equally well form the potential basis for drawing boundaries. After passing this mass range, there is not another significant qualitative change in the relation between press ...
13 Universal Gravitation
13 Universal Gravitation

... Field lines can also represent the pattern of Earth’s gravitational field. • The field lines are closer together where the gravitational field is stronger. • Any mass in the vicinity of Earth will be accelerated in the direction of the field lines at that location. • Earth’s gravitational field foll ...
PH607 – Galaxies
PH607 – Galaxies

... Components: Almost 90% of its mass cannot be accounted for (the "dark matter" problem). The Local Group: It then goes on to consider how the Milky Way fits in with what we see in other galaxies, and what the morphologies of these systems tell us about their life histories. Evolution: Galaxies are no ...
Chap. 02
Chap. 02

... For a degenerate gas, the ignition of helium burning will heat the gas, but do not cause expand The increased temperature makes the reaction go faster, which further heats the gas, which makes the reaction goes faster. This cycle of explosive nuclear reaction continues until temperature is high enou ...
What is a planet? - X-ray and Observational Astronomy Group
What is a planet? - X-ray and Observational Astronomy Group

... • describe the formation of the extra-solar planets: – (I) Planets form from dust which agglomerates into cores which then accrete gas from a disc. – (II) A gravitational instability in a protostellar disc creates a number of giant planets. ...
Slide #1: Chapter #1 - The Earth and Earth Coordinates The earth
Slide #1: Chapter #1 - The Earth and Earth Coordinates The earth

... across the continent changes slightly in 1983. This change had to be shown on large-scale maps published earlier but still in use. Slide #24: the new position of the map corner is shown by the “+” sign. Page | 24 ...
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Rare Earth hypothesis



In planetary astronomy and astrobiology, the Rare Earth Hypothesis argues that the origin of life and the evolution of biological complexity such as sexually reproducing, multicellular organisms on Earth (and, subsequently, human intelligence) required an improbable combination of astrophysical and geological events and circumstances. The hypothesis argues that complex extraterrestrial life is a very improbable phenomenon and likely to be extremely rare. The term ""Rare Earth"" originates from Rare Earth: Why Complex Life Is Uncommon in the Universe (2000), a book by Peter Ward, a geologist and paleontologist, and Donald E. Brownlee, an astronomer and astrobiologist, both faculty members at the University of Washington.An alternative view point was argued by Carl Sagan and Frank Drake, among others. It holds that Earth is a typical rocky planet in a typical planetary system, located in a non-exceptional region of a common barred-spiral galaxy. Given the principle of mediocrity (also called the Copernican principle), it is probable that the universe teems with complex life. Ward and Brownlee argue to the contrary: that planets, planetary systems, and galactic regions that are as friendly to complex life as are the Earth, the Solar System, and our region of the Milky Way are very rare.
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