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... 3. Which list shows the atmospheric layers in the correct order upward from Earth’s surface? a. thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, troposphere b. troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere c. stratosphere, mesosphere, troposphere, thermosphere d. thermosphere, troposphere, mesosphere, ...
Chapters 6 and 8: Some Additional Forces
Chapters 6 and 8: Some Additional Forces

... Sample Problem #7 (Ex. 8.7, page 241) • The figure below shows a spring attached to a 2.0 kg block. The other end of the spring is pulled by a motorized toy train that moves forward at 5.0 cm/s. The spring constant is 50 N/m, and the coefficient of static friction between the block and the surface ...
Apparent motion
Apparent motion

... • Full moon  Full moon takes 29 ½ days →Earth moves in its orbit as the moon travels around the Earth →When the moon makes one full revolution around the Earth it is not seen on Earth as being in the same phase due to the Earth’s change in position  Moon must go further to be seen in the same ...
Earth and Space Science in Grades 6
Earth and Space Science in Grades 6

... Students formulate an answer to questions such as: “How do the materials in and on Earth’s crust change over time, How does the movement of tectonic plates impact the surface of Earth, How does water influence weather, circulate in the oceans, and shape Earth’s surface, What factors interact and inf ...
Clues to the Origin of the Solar System
Clues to the Origin of the Solar System

... the disk collide and coalesce. This process continues until the clumps are a few hundred kilometers across. At this time the objects are referred to as planetesimals. ! outer gas cooler than the inner gas !metal stuff can condense (freeze) at high temperatures while volatile stuff condenses at lower ...
Newton derives Kepler`s laws
Newton derives Kepler`s laws

... b) What is the kinetic energy of Jupiter in motion around the Sun? ...
Habitability of planets around Red Dwarf Stars
Habitability of planets around Red Dwarf Stars

PHYS 390 Lecture 3
PHYS 390 Lecture 3

... (iii) use F = L / 4πd2 to solve for d. The problem with this approach is that dust and gas between Earth and the star in question tend to reduce F and give a calculated distance that is longer than the true distance. One may be able to correct for part of this using the spectrum of light from the st ...
Our Solar System
Our Solar System

... – There is water on Earth’s surface and its atmosphere contains gases that support life. – Without the blanket of gases that cover Earth, humans would not be able to live on Earth. ...
Homework #2 Solutions Astronomy 10, Section 2 due: Monday
Homework #2 Solutions Astronomy 10, Section 2 due: Monday

... 8) If the Earth did not rotate, could you define the celestial poles and equator? No, the celestial poles are the extension of the Earthʼs rotation axis out into space. If the Earth did not rotate, it would have no rotation axis. Likewise, the celestial equator is the Earthʼs equator projected out i ...
Lec12
Lec12

... squeezed as they move into spiral arms 2. Squeezing of clouds triggers star formation 3. Young stars flow out of spiral arms ...
Chapter 03 Lecture-Notes (Covers Lectures 03 and 04)
Chapter 03 Lecture-Notes (Covers Lectures 03 and 04)

... the Sun in 365.242 days. Every four years, the extra one-fourth day adds up to th ...
Lecture 7 Phys 1810
Lecture 7 Phys 1810

... moved in opposite directions. These 2 opposing forces == tidal forces. • Tidal forces: cause distortion of an object by pull of another object. • Can occur when – Objects close (e.g. Earth & Moon) – 1 object is very massive (e.g. Jupiter & Io; Sun & Earth.) ...
Day 1: How to Describe the Sky The Motions of the Stars
Day 1: How to Describe the Sky The Motions of the Stars

... • When an astronomer describes the altitude of  something in the local sky, he or she means • A: how high something is in the sky, in units  of miles or kilometers. • B: how high something is in the sky, in units  of degrees. • C: the direction toward something ­ North,  South, East, or West. ...
Key Stage 2: Teacher`s Pack
Key Stage 2: Teacher`s Pack

Sun and Stars
Sun and Stars

... The Stars in our Universe To start out with, there are many stars in our universe (approx. 100 billion), including the closest star; the sun. Throughout this Power Point, you will learn everything you need to know about the stars in our universe. ...
ASTRONOMY 110G Review Questions for
ASTRONOMY 110G Review Questions for

... Describe the circumstances under which lunar and solar eclipses occur. Why don’t we see one of each every month, and why are solar eclipses so much rarer events than lunar eclipses? What would the Earth look like, as seen from the Moon, at a given lunar phase? What would lunar and solar eclipses loo ...
Pre SS1 Models of the Solar System - Bolinas
Pre SS1 Models of the Solar System - Bolinas

... enormous by the standards of a day when celestial objects were assumed to be small and to lie close at hand. Nevertheless, the Ptolemaic universe is estimated to have measured only some fifty million miles in radius, meaning that it could easily fit inside what we now know to be the dimensions of th ...
EXPLORING THE SOLAR SYSTEM
EXPLORING THE SOLAR SYSTEM

... is shown in the image at left. It’s a valley called Ma’adim Vallis (arrowed) running downhill from south to north and ending in an impact crater called Gusev. The valley looks like a dried-up river bed, and if it was once a river then there could once have been a lake inside Gusev. With that in mind ...
Natural Climate Variability
Natural Climate Variability

... largest effect • Jupiter, because it is so massive, has a sizable effect • Eccentricity shows peaks every 95,000 years, but superimposed on those are larger peaks at 125,000 and 400,000 years ...
Sky Watching Talk
Sky Watching Talk

... comments arise because you cannot see the Constellations near where the Sun is in the sky – Sun so bright it washes out rest of stars ...
Our Place In the Universe
Our Place In the Universe

Chapter 8
Chapter 8

... • The total mechanical energy E = K + U determines the type of orbit an object follows: • Special cases include circular orbits and the straight-line paths of falling objects ...
3-planets-of-the-solar-system
3-planets-of-the-solar-system

... 27. Base your answer to the following question on the passage below. A Newly Discovered Planet Scientists studying a Sun-like star named Ogle-Tr-3 discovered a planet that is, on the average, 3.5 million kilometers away from the star’s surface. The planet was discovered as a result of observing a cy ...
The Solar Nebula Theory
The Solar Nebula Theory

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Rare Earth hypothesis



In planetary astronomy and astrobiology, the Rare Earth Hypothesis argues that the origin of life and the evolution of biological complexity such as sexually reproducing, multicellular organisms on Earth (and, subsequently, human intelligence) required an improbable combination of astrophysical and geological events and circumstances. The hypothesis argues that complex extraterrestrial life is a very improbable phenomenon and likely to be extremely rare. The term ""Rare Earth"" originates from Rare Earth: Why Complex Life Is Uncommon in the Universe (2000), a book by Peter Ward, a geologist and paleontologist, and Donald E. Brownlee, an astronomer and astrobiologist, both faculty members at the University of Washington.An alternative view point was argued by Carl Sagan and Frank Drake, among others. It holds that Earth is a typical rocky planet in a typical planetary system, located in a non-exceptional region of a common barred-spiral galaxy. Given the principle of mediocrity (also called the Copernican principle), it is probable that the universe teems with complex life. Ward and Brownlee argue to the contrary: that planets, planetary systems, and galactic regions that are as friendly to complex life as are the Earth, the Solar System, and our region of the Milky Way are very rare.
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