Earth as a system - David M. Lawrence
... – Aerosols may reduce global warming by blocking some of the radiation from the sun; they may contribute to warming, however, at nighttime by radiating heat absorbed during the day. Rev. 05 September 2006 ...
... – Aerosols may reduce global warming by blocking some of the radiation from the sun; they may contribute to warming, however, at nighttime by radiating heat absorbed during the day. Rev. 05 September 2006 ...
Depletion of the Ozone Layer in the 21st Century
... placed on the back burner in public discussions of climate change. Since the mid-1980s it has been known that primarily chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and also halocarbons (compounds where carbon atoms are linked to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine, but also to hydrogen) are mainly responsible for ...
... placed on the back burner in public discussions of climate change. Since the mid-1980s it has been known that primarily chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and also halocarbons (compounds where carbon atoms are linked to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine, but also to hydrogen) are mainly responsible for ...
environmental technologies
... hydrocarbons accounts for about 15% of the nitric acid in the atmosphere. Considering the average concentrations of these organic compounds in the atmosphere (in typically polluted urban atmospheres alkanes are present in concentrations of about 100 ppb whilst formaldehyde and acetaldehyde are prese ...
... hydrocarbons accounts for about 15% of the nitric acid in the atmosphere. Considering the average concentrations of these organic compounds in the atmosphere (in typically polluted urban atmospheres alkanes are present in concentrations of about 100 ppb whilst formaldehyde and acetaldehyde are prese ...
spectral fingerprints of earth-like planets around fgk stars
... H2O, O2, and CH4 in wavelength intervals shown in Fig. 1 (Pavlov et al., 2000). In the thermal IR region, a rapid radiative transfer model (RRTM) calculates the longwave fluxes. Clouds are not explicitly calculated. The effects of clouds on the temperature/pressure profile are included by adjusting ...
... H2O, O2, and CH4 in wavelength intervals shown in Fig. 1 (Pavlov et al., 2000). In the thermal IR region, a rapid radiative transfer model (RRTM) calculates the longwave fluxes. Clouds are not explicitly calculated. The effects of clouds on the temperature/pressure profile are included by adjusting ...
L6 – Jan 24/08
... inner SS mainly bodies with high % metals, rocky… outer SS mainly lighter elements as gas or ice satellites generally share chemistry of their planet – but many interesting variations on the theme ...
... inner SS mainly bodies with high % metals, rocky… outer SS mainly lighter elements as gas or ice satellites generally share chemistry of their planet – but many interesting variations on the theme ...
The Next Great Exoplanet Hunt Please share
... times fainter than the brightest naked-eye stars such as Sirius, Vega and Alpha Centauri. These challenges are easier to overcome when the exoplanet is large, is located close to its star and has a “light” (low mean molecular mass) or nonmetallic atmosphere. This is why hot Jupiters, hydrogen-domina ...
... times fainter than the brightest naked-eye stars such as Sirius, Vega and Alpha Centauri. These challenges are easier to overcome when the exoplanet is large, is located close to its star and has a “light” (low mean molecular mass) or nonmetallic atmosphere. This is why hot Jupiters, hydrogen-domina ...
SECTION28.1 Formation of the Solar System
... Venus Greenhouse effect • Venus experiences a greenhouse effect similar to Earth’s, but Venus’s is more efficient. The concentration of carbon dioxide is so high in Venus’s atmosphere that it keeps the surface extremely hot. Venus is the hottest planet, with an average surface temperature of about 7 ...
... Venus Greenhouse effect • Venus experiences a greenhouse effect similar to Earth’s, but Venus’s is more efficient. The concentration of carbon dioxide is so high in Venus’s atmosphere that it keeps the surface extremely hot. Venus is the hottest planet, with an average surface temperature of about 7 ...
- Astronomical Society of the Pacific
... The New Horizons mission to Pluto and the Kuiper Belt was launched from Cape Canaveral on January 19, 2006. The fastest spaceship ever launched — it is already beyond Mars and the Asteroid Belt, and it has an encounter with Jupiter coming up on February 28, 2007. Not bad for it’s first year of flight, ...
... The New Horizons mission to Pluto and the Kuiper Belt was launched from Cape Canaveral on January 19, 2006. The fastest spaceship ever launched — it is already beyond Mars and the Asteroid Belt, and it has an encounter with Jupiter coming up on February 28, 2007. Not bad for it’s first year of flight, ...
Chapter 16: Organic Air Pollutants and Photochemical Smog
... of food in their digestive tracts, add about 85 million metric tons of methane to the atmosphere each year. Anaerobic conditions in intensively cultivated rice fields produce large amounts of methane, perhaps as much as 100 million metric tons per year. Methane is a natural constituent of the atmosp ...
... of food in their digestive tracts, add about 85 million metric tons of methane to the atmosphere each year. Anaerobic conditions in intensively cultivated rice fields produce large amounts of methane, perhaps as much as 100 million metric tons per year. Methane is a natural constituent of the atmosp ...
2. Dispersion
... Weather as we know it is largely the result of these differences in energy distribution. ...
... Weather as we know it is largely the result of these differences in energy distribution. ...
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS
... – it is the radiation budget that controls the seasons – growth in the spring and dormancy in the autumn is related to the amount of sunlight – add to this the tilt of the earth and distances from the sun – inclination of earth’s axis is 23.5 degrees – summer/winter farthest from the sun – the edf r ...
... – it is the radiation budget that controls the seasons – growth in the spring and dormancy in the autumn is related to the amount of sunlight – add to this the tilt of the earth and distances from the sun – inclination of earth’s axis is 23.5 degrees – summer/winter farthest from the sun – the edf r ...
earth`s air teacher guide
... Ask students to browse through Earth’s Air. Have them look at the table of contents and the chapter titles. Encourage them to read the headings at the top of each page and to look at each of the photos and diagrams and their captions. Draw their attention to the special features. Explain that paying ...
... Ask students to browse through Earth’s Air. Have them look at the table of contents and the chapter titles. Encourage them to read the headings at the top of each page and to look at each of the photos and diagrams and their captions. Draw their attention to the special features. Explain that paying ...
Chapter 16 - Follow “Ironmtn.wordpress.com”
... directions. Scientists now believe that a planet’s rotation was affected by random collisions with very large objects at some point in its history. Link To: The Nebular Hypothesis Difficulty Level: Hard ...
... directions. Scientists now believe that a planet’s rotation was affected by random collisions with very large objects at some point in its history. Link To: The Nebular Hypothesis Difficulty Level: Hard ...
Primary and secondary eclipse spectroscopy with JWST: exploring
... Methods. We used analytic formula and model data for both the astrophysical scene and the instrument to plot S /N contour maps, while indicating how the S /N scales with the fixed parameters. We systematically compare stellar photon noise-only plots with plots that include detailed instrumental and ...
... Methods. We used analytic formula and model data for both the astrophysical scene and the instrument to plot S /N contour maps, while indicating how the S /N scales with the fixed parameters. We systematically compare stellar photon noise-only plots with plots that include detailed instrumental and ...
Did You Know?
... 1. It protects life forms from harmful solar radiation. 2. It traps heat close to the planet’s surface. 3. It provides an energy circulation system (through wind and pressure systems). 4. It maintains the gases that support life on Earth. Atmospheric Interactions Many natural processes affect, or ar ...
... 1. It protects life forms from harmful solar radiation. 2. It traps heat close to the planet’s surface. 3. It provides an energy circulation system (through wind and pressure systems). 4. It maintains the gases that support life on Earth. Atmospheric Interactions Many natural processes affect, or ar ...
Imaging Uranus
... shown that Uranus has become more active, with visibility of the equatorial zone and dark mid-latitude belts reported, along with the South Polar Zone at 45°S fading and a correOn 1986 Jan 24, the spacecraft Voyager 2 passed Uranus sponding northern one (at 45°N) starting to form.7 The Spitzer and s ...
... shown that Uranus has become more active, with visibility of the equatorial zone and dark mid-latitude belts reported, along with the South Polar Zone at 45°S fading and a correOn 1986 Jan 24, the spacecraft Voyager 2 passed Uranus sponding northern one (at 45°N) starting to form.7 The Spitzer and s ...
The impact of methane thermodynamics on seasonal convection
... to persistently penetrate the depth of the troposphere, the atmosphere would cool on this timescale which would average out a significant fraction of the seasonal cycle. However, if convection only warms the lowest 5–10 km ( 500 hPa) of the atmosphere – as would be expected for dry convection – srad ...
... to persistently penetrate the depth of the troposphere, the atmosphere would cool on this timescale which would average out a significant fraction of the seasonal cycle. However, if convection only warms the lowest 5–10 km ( 500 hPa) of the atmosphere – as would be expected for dry convection – srad ...
J1.2 WHERE AND WHY DOES SPACE WEATHER OCCUR?
... unaware. Our atmosphere had protected us. It also protects us from particle outbursts of our own star, the Sun, which tend to occur during the active phase of the solar magnetic cycle. 3.2 The Sun Creates Space Weather The Nature of the Sun and Solar Dynamics The Sun is a nuclear furnace that, each ...
... unaware. Our atmosphere had protected us. It also protects us from particle outbursts of our own star, the Sun, which tend to occur during the active phase of the solar magnetic cycle. 3.2 The Sun Creates Space Weather The Nature of the Sun and Solar Dynamics The Sun is a nuclear furnace that, each ...
Lec06_ch07_outerplanets
... Jupiter’s Interior • Atmosphere--about 150 km of hydrogen, helium and trace gases • Liquid Hydrogen mantle--60,000 km – lower 40,000 km is liquid metallic hydrogen which is electrically conductive, generating the planet’s magnetic field--about 20,000 time stronger than Earth’s ...
... Jupiter’s Interior • Atmosphere--about 150 km of hydrogen, helium and trace gases • Liquid Hydrogen mantle--60,000 km – lower 40,000 km is liquid metallic hydrogen which is electrically conductive, generating the planet’s magnetic field--about 20,000 time stronger than Earth’s ...
Lab Activity on Global Wind Patterns
... (1) The troposphere is the lowermost layer of the atmosphere; it is where we live and where most interesting “weather” (clouds, wind, storms, etc.) occurs. (2) The stratosphere is immediately above the troposphere; it contains the ozone layer. The boundary between the troposphere and the stratospher ...
... (1) The troposphere is the lowermost layer of the atmosphere; it is where we live and where most interesting “weather” (clouds, wind, storms, etc.) occurs. (2) The stratosphere is immediately above the troposphere; it contains the ozone layer. The boundary between the troposphere and the stratospher ...
Global Biogeochemical Cycles and the Physical Climate System
... about these global biogeochemical cycles and their role in environmental change requires us to cross the usual boundaries between biology, ecology, oceanography, meteorology, chemistry, and geology. Because of the impact of human activities on the cycles, and consequently the climate, the subject al ...
... about these global biogeochemical cycles and their role in environmental change requires us to cross the usual boundaries between biology, ecology, oceanography, meteorology, chemistry, and geology. Because of the impact of human activities on the cycles, and consequently the climate, the subject al ...
Introduction to Astronomy
... history began, people had noticed the interrelationships between the Sun, Moon and the Earth. Observations resulted in a rudimentary understanding of the timing of days, nights, monthly patterns of moonlit shapes and the seasons. Missing were scientific reasons for these events. When there were no a ...
... history began, people had noticed the interrelationships between the Sun, Moon and the Earth. Observations resulted in a rudimentary understanding of the timing of days, nights, monthly patterns of moonlit shapes and the seasons. Missing were scientific reasons for these events. When there were no a ...
What makes a planet habitable?
... heating due to O2 and O3 photodissociation by solar UV radiation (1250 ≤ λ ≤ 3500 Å), ...
... heating due to O2 and O3 photodissociation by solar UV radiation (1250 ≤ λ ≤ 3500 Å), ...
ASTR 380 Habitable Zone
... Habitable Zone Returning to our habitable zone question…. For the Earth, increasing the CO2 by 60 parts per million increases the global temperature by 0.6 C If we want Earth-like conditions at 1.15 AU, we need to increase the global temperature by 20 C using greenhouse gases… so going from 380 part ...
... Habitable Zone Returning to our habitable zone question…. For the Earth, increasing the CO2 by 60 parts per million increases the global temperature by 0.6 C If we want Earth-like conditions at 1.15 AU, we need to increase the global temperature by 20 C using greenhouse gases… so going from 380 part ...
New Moons for Pluto!
... orbiting the planet* Pluto. Now, Charon (pronounced “karon”) has company. A recent Hubble Space Telescope observation has revealed two new moons orbiting Pluto, the smallest planet in the solar system. ...
... orbiting the planet* Pluto. Now, Charon (pronounced “karon”) has company. A recent Hubble Space Telescope observation has revealed two new moons orbiting Pluto, the smallest planet in the solar system. ...