optical thickness
... here an isothermal atmosphere, in hydrostatic equilibrium, with a constant absorber mixing ratio, r=/a, where and a are, respectively, the absorber density and the air density. We already know that pressure and air density vary exponentially with height in an isothermal atmosphere. If the mixin ...
... here an isothermal atmosphere, in hydrostatic equilibrium, with a constant absorber mixing ratio, r=/a, where and a are, respectively, the absorber density and the air density. We already know that pressure and air density vary exponentially with height in an isothermal atmosphere. If the mixin ...
optical thickness
... Where does the maximum radiant heating occur in the atmosphere? There is no general answer to this question since the absorption profile (and hence the heating profile) depends upon the total optical thickness (depth) along the path, and also upon the profile of absorber concentration. In order to s ...
... Where does the maximum radiant heating occur in the atmosphere? There is no general answer to this question since the absorption profile (and hence the heating profile) depends upon the total optical thickness (depth) along the path, and also upon the profile of absorber concentration. In order to s ...
temperature tagging - Geosci. Model Dev.
... temperature tagging. It keeps track of the contributions of individual processes to temperature within a climate model simulation. As a first step and as a test bed, a simple box climate model is regarded. The model consists of an atmosphere, which absorbs and emits radiation, and of a surface, whic ...
... temperature tagging. It keeps track of the contributions of individual processes to temperature within a climate model simulation. As a first step and as a test bed, a simple box climate model is regarded. The model consists of an atmosphere, which absorbs and emits radiation, and of a surface, whic ...
EARTH SCIENCE, PAGE I. Introduction Earth Science
... - is cheaper and with more reserves than oil, cleaner and more efficient burning but must be converted to highly explosive Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) form for effective transport overseas and contains greenhouse gases (causes "global warming") d5. Gas Hydrates (Clathrates) - icelike compounds compo ...
... - is cheaper and with more reserves than oil, cleaner and more efficient burning but must be converted to highly explosive Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) form for effective transport overseas and contains greenhouse gases (causes "global warming") d5. Gas Hydrates (Clathrates) - icelike compounds compo ...
EX PLANET E - Institute of Physics
... The practical activity Students use thermometers to measure the temperature at different distances from a radiant heater. They should start at a good distance (around 70 cm) from the heater and move towards it. Warn them not allow their thermometers to get hotter than 100°C. Students will probably r ...
... The practical activity Students use thermometers to measure the temperature at different distances from a radiant heater. They should start at a good distance (around 70 cm) from the heater and move towards it. Warn them not allow their thermometers to get hotter than 100°C. Students will probably r ...
8.Lec 8_air_polution_and_climate_change1
... Most solar energy reaching the earth is visible light. - Energy remitted by the earth is mainly infrared radiation ( heat energy). - Longer wavelengths are absorbed in the - lower atmosphere, trapping heat close to the earth’s surface. Greenhouse Effect: Increasing atmospheric CO2 due to human activ ...
... Most solar energy reaching the earth is visible light. - Energy remitted by the earth is mainly infrared radiation ( heat energy). - Longer wavelengths are absorbed in the - lower atmosphere, trapping heat close to the earth’s surface. Greenhouse Effect: Increasing atmospheric CO2 due to human activ ...
Evidence against a strong thermal inversion in HD 209458b from
... Thermal inversions may be commonly present in hotJupiter atmospheres as well. Secondary-eclipse measurements with the Spitzer Space Telescope have made it possible to probe the vertical temperature structure of bright transiting hot Jupiters. By measuring the relative depths of a secondary eclipse i ...
... Thermal inversions may be commonly present in hotJupiter atmospheres as well. Secondary-eclipse measurements with the Spitzer Space Telescope have made it possible to probe the vertical temperature structure of bright transiting hot Jupiters. By measuring the relative depths of a secondary eclipse i ...
Module 9
... windows where the absorption is weak: one in the solar spectrum of the wavelengths 0.3 < λ < 1 µ m (visible) and the other in the infrared region of wavelengths 8 < λ < 12 µ m . Ozone (O3), water vapour (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are the dominant absorbers that primarily heat the atmosphere thou ...
... windows where the absorption is weak: one in the solar spectrum of the wavelengths 0.3 < λ < 1 µ m (visible) and the other in the infrared region of wavelengths 8 < λ < 12 µ m . Ozone (O3), water vapour (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are the dominant absorbers that primarily heat the atmosphere thou ...
The Helium Flash - Stages 10 to 11
... As the helium depletes, the star will basically reproduce it’s the path that took it to stage 9. The helium will burn out at the center of the core, and helium burning as well as hydrogen burning will continue is the outer shells. The star will expand to a red giant once again, this time with shells ...
... As the helium depletes, the star will basically reproduce it’s the path that took it to stage 9. The helium will burn out at the center of the core, and helium burning as well as hydrogen burning will continue is the outer shells. The star will expand to a red giant once again, this time with shells ...
Long-term monitoring of stratospheric composition by UV
... Trend of stratospheric BrO at 60°N and 45°S Bromine contributes significantly to the global ozone loss (by about 25%) – BrO is the most abundant bromine species during daytime Stratospheric BrO columns retrieved by applying a profiling technique to the ground-based zenith-sky DOAS observations ...
... Trend of stratospheric BrO at 60°N and 45°S Bromine contributes significantly to the global ozone loss (by about 25%) – BrO is the most abundant bromine species during daytime Stratospheric BrO columns retrieved by applying a profiling technique to the ground-based zenith-sky DOAS observations ...
here - Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
... Ingredients for a cloud Water vapor Saturation How do we achieve saturation in the atmosphere with respect to making clouds? Cooling to the dew point How do we cool an air parcel to the dew point? By lifting an air parcel! As the parcel rises, it cools adiabatically Overnight c ...
... Ingredients for a cloud Water vapor Saturation How do we achieve saturation in the atmosphere with respect to making clouds? Cooling to the dew point How do we cool an air parcel to the dew point? By lifting an air parcel! As the parcel rises, it cools adiabatically Overnight c ...
Air Pollution
... Southern Hemispheres meet in an area around the equator called the doldrums. • The Horse Latitudes At about 30° north and 30° south latitude, sinking air creates an area of high pressure. These areas are called the horse latitudes. • Jet Streams: Atmospheric Conveyor Belts The jet streams are narrow ...
... Southern Hemispheres meet in an area around the equator called the doldrums. • The Horse Latitudes At about 30° north and 30° south latitude, sinking air creates an area of high pressure. These areas are called the horse latitudes. • Jet Streams: Atmospheric Conveyor Belts The jet streams are narrow ...
Enceladus` Water Vapor Plume - Laboratory for Atmospheric and
... E-ring particles, a possible source, would be insufficient to produce this amount. Nevertheless, Roddier et al. (22) had imaged a transient feature with HST that could have been interpreted as a large, impact-produced vapor cloud. The fresh deposits on Enceladus_ surface suggested by its high albedo ...
... E-ring particles, a possible source, would be insufficient to produce this amount. Nevertheless, Roddier et al. (22) had imaged a transient feature with HST that could have been interpreted as a large, impact-produced vapor cloud. The fresh deposits on Enceladus_ surface suggested by its high albedo ...
photosphere
... The Magnetic Carpet of the Corona • Corona contains very low-density, very hot (1 million oK) gas • Coronal gas is heated through motions of magnetic fields anchored in the photosphere below (“magnetic carpet”) ...
... The Magnetic Carpet of the Corona • Corona contains very low-density, very hot (1 million oK) gas • Coronal gas is heated through motions of magnetic fields anchored in the photosphere below (“magnetic carpet”) ...
Variability of solar/stellar activity and magnetic field and its influence... planetary atmosphere evolution
... magnetic dynamo that is more efficient than that of the present-day Sun. This results in stronger surface magnetic fields and/or higher surface magnetic filling factors which induce enhanced “activity” in all its variations, from larger surface spots to stronger, extended solar wind. • The optical a ...
... magnetic dynamo that is more efficient than that of the present-day Sun. This results in stronger surface magnetic fields and/or higher surface magnetic filling factors which induce enhanced “activity” in all its variations, from larger surface spots to stronger, extended solar wind. • The optical a ...
UK Exoplanet community meeting 2017
... stars and in developing solutions to enable the detection and characterisation of superEarths and Earths. The aim of this session is to bring the community together to share both published and unpublished information, to dispel some common misconceptions and myths in the field and to initiate/streng ...
... stars and in developing solutions to enable the detection and characterisation of superEarths and Earths. The aim of this session is to bring the community together to share both published and unpublished information, to dispel some common misconceptions and myths in the field and to initiate/streng ...
1 The role of cosmic rays in the Earth`s atmospheric
... Hemisphere Magnetic Anomaly (SHMA) and a heating effect of same magnitude in the outer region of SHMA. They also reported that correlation between net radiative flux and GCR increases in the inner region of SHMA. The presence of SHMA involves stronger cosmic ray / cloud interaction in the lower fiel ...
... Hemisphere Magnetic Anomaly (SHMA) and a heating effect of same magnitude in the outer region of SHMA. They also reported that correlation between net radiative flux and GCR increases in the inner region of SHMA. The presence of SHMA involves stronger cosmic ray / cloud interaction in the lower fiel ...
Objectives - SERC
... (1) The troposphere is the lowermost layer of the atmosphere; it is where we live and where most interesting “weather” (clouds, wind, storms, etc.) occurs. (2) The stratosphere is immediately above the troposphere; it contains the ozone layer. The boundary between the troposphere and the stratospher ...
... (1) The troposphere is the lowermost layer of the atmosphere; it is where we live and where most interesting “weather” (clouds, wind, storms, etc.) occurs. (2) The stratosphere is immediately above the troposphere; it contains the ozone layer. The boundary between the troposphere and the stratospher ...
Lecture 23: Jupiter Solar System Jupiter`s Orbit
... •Heating due to the radioactive decay of heavy elements is not strong enough to explain the temperature of Jupiter •We think that the heat is leftover from the initial “squeeze” when Jupiter collapsed under the influence of gravity •Because Jupiter is a very large planet, this “heat of formation” ha ...
... •Heating due to the radioactive decay of heavy elements is not strong enough to explain the temperature of Jupiter •We think that the heat is leftover from the initial “squeeze” when Jupiter collapsed under the influence of gravity •Because Jupiter is a very large planet, this “heat of formation” ha ...
Full Programme and Abstracts - UK Exoplanet community meeting
... developing solutions to enable the detection and characterisation of super-Earths and Earths. The aim of this session is to bring the community together to share both published and unpublished information, to dispel some common misconceptions and myths in the field and to initiate/strengthen collabo ...
... developing solutions to enable the detection and characterisation of super-Earths and Earths. The aim of this session is to bring the community together to share both published and unpublished information, to dispel some common misconceptions and myths in the field and to initiate/strengthen collabo ...
Physics Of Aerosols And Their Effect On Climate
... Aerosols present an important but very variable component of atmospheric composition. Their concentrations change considerably in space and time together with large variation in their chemical composition and radiative properties. According to the latter, aerosols can scatter and absorb visual and i ...
... Aerosols present an important but very variable component of atmospheric composition. Their concentrations change considerably in space and time together with large variation in their chemical composition and radiative properties. According to the latter, aerosols can scatter and absorb visual and i ...
UK Exoplanet community meeting 2017
... stars and in developing solutions to enable the detection and characterisation of superEarths and Earths. The aim of this session is to bring the community together to share both published and unpublished information, to dispel some common misconceptions and myths in the field and to initiate/streng ...
... stars and in developing solutions to enable the detection and characterisation of superEarths and Earths. The aim of this session is to bring the community together to share both published and unpublished information, to dispel some common misconceptions and myths in the field and to initiate/streng ...
Environmental Chemistry
... • This is because the relatively few gas molecules in this region have extremely high kinetic energies. • At an altitude of about 200 km, temperatures can reach 1000°C. ...
... • This is because the relatively few gas molecules in this region have extremely high kinetic energies. • At an altitude of about 200 km, temperatures can reach 1000°C. ...