The detection of nocturnal N2O5 as HNO3 by alkali
... daytime deposition velocities have been assumed to be similar (Zhang et al., 2012) and turbulence limited, N2 O5 being present only at night, will be lost to dry deposition in addition to losses on aqueous aerosol surfaces; the final deposition rate via hydrolysis being mediated via the losses of pa ...
... daytime deposition velocities have been assumed to be similar (Zhang et al., 2012) and turbulence limited, N2 O5 being present only at night, will be lost to dry deposition in addition to losses on aqueous aerosol surfaces; the final deposition rate via hydrolysis being mediated via the losses of pa ...
Observing Titan with amateur equipment
... primarily to perform a survey of the lunar surface in preparation for the Apollo landings. These days it is relatively undersubscribed, and thus not difficult to obtain time for modest projects such as Titan photometry. Access to the 61-inch was made somewhat difficult in 2003 due to the large fores ...
... primarily to perform a survey of the lunar surface in preparation for the Apollo landings. These days it is relatively undersubscribed, and thus not difficult to obtain time for modest projects such as Titan photometry. Access to the 61-inch was made somewhat difficult in 2003 due to the large fores ...
The Habitability of Proxima Centauri b I: Evolutionary Scenarios
... factor of 2 apart, leading Benedict et al. (1998) to suggest that sometimes a large spot (or cluster of spots) is present on one hemisphere only, while at other times smaller spots exist on opposite hemispheres. Regardless, incident stellar radiation (“instellation”) variations of 17% could impact a ...
... factor of 2 apart, leading Benedict et al. (1998) to suggest that sometimes a large spot (or cluster of spots) is present on one hemisphere only, while at other times smaller spots exist on opposite hemispheres. Regardless, incident stellar radiation (“instellation”) variations of 17% could impact a ...
Eliase Ayalew - Addis Ababa University Institutional Repository
... the surface. This keeps the surface from getting too hot. But because that water vapor is also the atmosphere’s primary greenhouse gas, water vapor acts to keep the Earth’s surface warmer than it would otherwise be. So which effect is stronger, water vapor’s cooling effect or warming effect? Interes ...
... the surface. This keeps the surface from getting too hot. But because that water vapor is also the atmosphere’s primary greenhouse gas, water vapor acts to keep the Earth’s surface warmer than it would otherwise be. So which effect is stronger, water vapor’s cooling effect or warming effect? Interes ...
Energetic Particle Influence on the Earth`s Atmosphere
... The Earth is continuously bombarded by energetic charged particles coming from outer space (Grieder 2001; Vainio et al. 2009), collectively known as energetic precipitating particles (EPPs) which penetrate into the Earth’s atmosphere and can influence a variety of atmospheric processes (Bazilevskaya ...
... The Earth is continuously bombarded by energetic charged particles coming from outer space (Grieder 2001; Vainio et al. 2009), collectively known as energetic precipitating particles (EPPs) which penetrate into the Earth’s atmosphere and can influence a variety of atmospheric processes (Bazilevskaya ...
Lecture 7: Photochemistry of Important Atmospheric Species
... • In the lower troposphere, only molecules with D0 corresponding to λ > 290 nm are photochemically active. Most common atmospheric molecules, including N2, CO, O2, CO2, CH4, NO, etc. are stable against photodissociation in the troposphere. • In addition, the molecule should have bright electronic tr ...
... • In the lower troposphere, only molecules with D0 corresponding to λ > 290 nm are photochemically active. Most common atmospheric molecules, including N2, CO, O2, CO2, CH4, NO, etc. are stable against photodissociation in the troposphere. • In addition, the molecule should have bright electronic tr ...
The Antarctic Ozone Hole
... destruction of stratospheric ozone are entirely separate. However, at a deeper level, the greenhouse effect and stratospheric ozone are linked in several ways. Greenhouse gases such as water vapour, carbon dioxide and methane in the troposphere absorb outgoing infrared radiation from the Earth and r ...
... destruction of stratospheric ozone are entirely separate. However, at a deeper level, the greenhouse effect and stratospheric ozone are linked in several ways. Greenhouse gases such as water vapour, carbon dioxide and methane in the troposphere absorb outgoing infrared radiation from the Earth and r ...
PDF
... velocities, respectively, T is temperature, a is the radius of the earth, µ is latitude, ¸ is longitude, p is pressure, R is the gas constant and Q is the diabatic heating. The rst two terms are the stationary advection, including the zonal mean, by the horizontal ow and the stationary vertical ...
... velocities, respectively, T is temperature, a is the radius of the earth, µ is latitude, ¸ is longitude, p is pressure, R is the gas constant and Q is the diabatic heating. The rst two terms are the stationary advection, including the zonal mean, by the horizontal ow and the stationary vertical ...
PDF 523 KB
... Percival Lowell died before PLuto was discovered. In spite of the fact that he himself did not discover the planet, he prepared the groundwork for the discovery. His observatory in Flagstaff Arizona, was ready for the discovery with its new refractor and photographic technique of observations. Clyde ...
... Percival Lowell died before PLuto was discovered. In spite of the fact that he himself did not discover the planet, he prepared the groundwork for the discovery. His observatory in Flagstaff Arizona, was ready for the discovery with its new refractor and photographic technique of observations. Clyde ...
The Solar System Beyond The Planets
... nitrogen in a tenuous atmosphere, as for Pluto. 2003 UB313 therefore provides a lowtemperature analog to study processes occurring on Pluto’s surface. One possibility is that the presence of methane might be a characteristic of the largest KBOs, the smaller bodies being too small to retain it on the ...
... nitrogen in a tenuous atmosphere, as for Pluto. 2003 UB313 therefore provides a lowtemperature analog to study processes occurring on Pluto’s surface. One possibility is that the presence of methane might be a characteristic of the largest KBOs, the smaller bodies being too small to retain it on the ...
The Secular and Rotational Brightness Variations of Neptune
... were scheduled so that the air masses of the comparison star and of Neptune were nearly equal in order to minimize the correction needed for atmospheric extinction. The procedure for acquiring CCD image data for a single Johnson magnitude in a single filter was to record 2 separate series of 3 image ...
... were scheduled so that the air masses of the comparison star and of Neptune were nearly equal in order to minimize the correction needed for atmospheric extinction. The procedure for acquiring CCD image data for a single Johnson magnitude in a single filter was to record 2 separate series of 3 image ...
2009_4_tg
... 2. What volume of water is ejected daily by the hot springs and geysers in Yellowstone? Two hundred fifty million (250,000,000) liters a day are ejected by the hot springs and geysers in Yellowstone. 3. Is the boiling temperature of water always 100oC? Explain. No, the boiling temperature of water i ...
... 2. What volume of water is ejected daily by the hot springs and geysers in Yellowstone? Two hundred fifty million (250,000,000) liters a day are ejected by the hot springs and geysers in Yellowstone. 3. Is the boiling temperature of water always 100oC? Explain. No, the boiling temperature of water i ...
Hint of a transiting extended atmosphere on 55 Cancri b⋆
... orbit-long exposure was split into 500-s sub-exposures, for a total of 22 sub-exposures per visit. This enabled a monitoring of the Lyα flux during each HST orbit (Fig. 2), which revealed a systematic effect clearly seen in visit 1: the Lyα flux increases with HST orbital phase (Fig. 4), introducing ...
... orbit-long exposure was split into 500-s sub-exposures, for a total of 22 sub-exposures per visit. This enabled a monitoring of the Lyα flux during each HST orbit (Fig. 2), which revealed a systematic effect clearly seen in visit 1: the Lyα flux increases with HST orbital phase (Fig. 4), introducing ...
Chapter 22
... • Increased levels of carbon dioxide may lead to global warming. • If too much heat is trapped the global temperature will rise. • Global warming is the gradual increase in temperature on Earth due to an increase in greenhouse gases • Global warming could cause problems, such as the melting of ice c ...
... • Increased levels of carbon dioxide may lead to global warming. • If too much heat is trapped the global temperature will rise. • Global warming is the gradual increase in temperature on Earth due to an increase in greenhouse gases • Global warming could cause problems, such as the melting of ice c ...
Main thesis - BORA
... of the Earth is affected by aerosols. The direct effect of aerosols is caused by large aerosols particles, which can absorb part of the incoming solar radiation and scatter another part back to space. Absorption tends to heat the planet and backscattering tends to cool it. The indirect effect of aer ...
... of the Earth is affected by aerosols. The direct effect of aerosols is caused by large aerosols particles, which can absorb part of the incoming solar radiation and scatter another part back to space. Absorption tends to heat the planet and backscattering tends to cool it. The indirect effect of aer ...
Spectroscopic Variability of Supergiant Star HD14134, B3Ia
... The Hα line was absent in the spectra of December 29-30, 2013 and of February 15, 2016, while two carbon lines CII (λ 6578.05 Å, λ 6582.88 Å), as well as several weak stellar and atmospheric lines in the spectral order where Hα is located, in the region λλ6400-6600Å (Figs. 1 and 2). In these same ...
... The Hα line was absent in the spectra of December 29-30, 2013 and of February 15, 2016, while two carbon lines CII (λ 6578.05 Å, λ 6582.88 Å), as well as several weak stellar and atmospheric lines in the spectral order where Hα is located, in the region λλ6400-6600Å (Figs. 1 and 2). In these same ...
Spectroscopic Variability of Supergiant Star HD14134, B3Ia
... The Hα line was absent in the spectra of December 29-30, 2013 and of February 15, 2016, while two carbon lines CII (λ 6578.05 Å, λ 6582.88 Å), as well as several weak stellar and atmospheric lines in the spectral order where Hα is located, in the region λλ6400-6600Å (Figs. 1 and 2). In these same ...
... The Hα line was absent in the spectra of December 29-30, 2013 and of February 15, 2016, while two carbon lines CII (λ 6578.05 Å, λ 6582.88 Å), as well as several weak stellar and atmospheric lines in the spectral order where Hα is located, in the region λλ6400-6600Å (Figs. 1 and 2). In these same ...
On the regional climatic impact of contrails: microphysical and
... slightly underestimated. Integration gives a mean particle concentration of 0:7 cmÿ3 , with values ranging from 0:5 to 1:1 cmÿ3 . These values can be compared to data obtained by measurements with a Counter¯ow Virtual Impactor (CVI) in natural cirrus clouds, as presented by Stroem (1993). The CVI de ...
... slightly underestimated. Integration gives a mean particle concentration of 0:7 cmÿ3 , with values ranging from 0:5 to 1:1 cmÿ3 . These values can be compared to data obtained by measurements with a Counter¯ow Virtual Impactor (CVI) in natural cirrus clouds, as presented by Stroem (1993). The CVI de ...
Atmospheric circulation and atmospheric modeling
... around zones of latitude and longitude Each atmospheric field held and moved in spectral space (“wave functions”) Spectral truncation restricts information ...
... around zones of latitude and longitude Each atmospheric field held and moved in spectral space (“wave functions”) Spectral truncation restricts information ...
Chapter 4 ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY
... unstable. In an atmosphere with a dry-adiabatic lapse rate, hot gases rising from a fire will encounter little resistance, will travel upward with ease, and can develop a tall convection column. A neutrally stable atmosphere can be made unstable also by advection; that is, the horizontal movement of ...
... unstable. In an atmosphere with a dry-adiabatic lapse rate, hot gases rising from a fire will encounter little resistance, will travel upward with ease, and can develop a tall convection column. A neutrally stable atmosphere can be made unstable also by advection; that is, the horizontal movement of ...
The Astrophysics of Planetary Habitability
... P5.7. Atmosphere expansion and mass loss of magnetized close-orbit giant exoplanets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P5.8. The influence of the colliding stellar winds on the atmosphere of the potentially habitable circumbinary exoplanet KIC9632895 . P5.9. Studying exoplanet atmos ...
... P5.7. Atmosphere expansion and mass loss of magnetized close-orbit giant exoplanets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P5.8. The influence of the colliding stellar winds on the atmosphere of the potentially habitable circumbinary exoplanet KIC9632895 . P5.9. Studying exoplanet atmos ...
1 An overview of the kinetic energy cycle in the atmosphere
... owe their existence to the uneven distribution of diabatic heating in the atmosphere: 1. Motions driven either directly or indirectly by horizontal heating gradients in a stably strati…ed atmosphere account for more than 98% of the atmospheric kinetic energy. Nearly all this kinetic energy is associ ...
... owe their existence to the uneven distribution of diabatic heating in the atmosphere: 1. Motions driven either directly or indirectly by horizontal heating gradients in a stably strati…ed atmosphere account for more than 98% of the atmospheric kinetic energy. Nearly all this kinetic energy is associ ...
Exploring atmosphere and climate of the Earth using
... To perform research on climate variability and climate change together with research in improved atmospheric models as well as advancements in NWP; To study troposphere structures in polar and equatorial regions; To support analysis and validation of data from other space missions; To demonstrate a ...
... To perform research on climate variability and climate change together with research in improved atmospheric models as well as advancements in NWP; To study troposphere structures in polar and equatorial regions; To support analysis and validation of data from other space missions; To demonstrate a ...
Climate science of methane - Environmental Change Institute
... far the largest source, accounting for 30% of total emissions (Figure 5), with methane being produced from the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter covered by water. Because this process involves the action of bacteria, the rate of methane production is strongly temperature dependent. Maximum m ...
... far the largest source, accounting for 30% of total emissions (Figure 5), with methane being produced from the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter covered by water. Because this process involves the action of bacteria, the rate of methane production is strongly temperature dependent. Maximum m ...
Transfer of organic Br and Cl from the Biosphere to the Atmosphere
... to OH levels near zero and hence very long tropospheric lifetimes for CH3 Cl and CH3 Br until the smoke veil disappears. 2. The efficiencies of tropospheric removal through reactions on particles, if large amounts of CH3 Cl and CH3 Br do not reach the stratosphere soon after the impact. Heterogeneou ...
... to OH levels near zero and hence very long tropospheric lifetimes for CH3 Cl and CH3 Br until the smoke veil disappears. 2. The efficiencies of tropospheric removal through reactions on particles, if large amounts of CH3 Cl and CH3 Br do not reach the stratosphere soon after the impact. Heterogeneou ...