Lecture 7 Phys 1810
... • Tidal forces: cause distortion of an object by pull of another object. • Can occur when – Objects close (e.g. Earth & Moon) – 1 object is very massive (e.g. Jupiter & Io; Sun & Earth.) ...
... • Tidal forces: cause distortion of an object by pull of another object. • Can occur when – Objects close (e.g. Earth & Moon) – 1 object is very massive (e.g. Jupiter & Io; Sun & Earth.) ...
The Official Magazine of the University of St Andrews Astronomical Society
... someone has to do it…) However we hadn’t ventured so far from home just to spend a night on the town with some dashing young Bulgarians, and so we got some much needed sleep before the conference the next day. On arrival at the conference we were presented with some “goody bags” (always a good start ...
... someone has to do it…) However we hadn’t ventured so far from home just to spend a night on the town with some dashing young Bulgarians, and so we got some much needed sleep before the conference the next day. On arrival at the conference we were presented with some “goody bags” (always a good start ...
White Dwarfs
... • Low mass stars are unable to reach high enough temperatures to ignite elements heavier than carbon in their core become white dwarfs. • Hot exposed core of an evolved low mass star. • Supported by electron degeneracy pressure. This is the tendency of atoms to resist compression. • The more mas ...
... • Low mass stars are unable to reach high enough temperatures to ignite elements heavier than carbon in their core become white dwarfs. • Hot exposed core of an evolved low mass star. • Supported by electron degeneracy pressure. This is the tendency of atoms to resist compression. • The more mas ...
Giant Planets at Small Orbital Distances
... by Mayor & Queloz (1995) of a planet orbiting a G2.5 star, 51 Pegasi, 14 parsecs away. With a 4.23{day period, a semi-major axis of 0.05 A.U., an eccentricity less than 0.15, and an inferred mass between 0.5 and 2 Jupiter masses (MJ), this object is surely the most problematic nd in recent memory. ...
... by Mayor & Queloz (1995) of a planet orbiting a G2.5 star, 51 Pegasi, 14 parsecs away. With a 4.23{day period, a semi-major axis of 0.05 A.U., an eccentricity less than 0.15, and an inferred mass between 0.5 and 2 Jupiter masses (MJ), this object is surely the most problematic nd in recent memory. ...
McDonald Observatory Planet Search - tls
... • Long period variations are most likely due to giant planets around stars with Mstar > 1 Mסּ • Short period variations are due to radial pulsations in the fundamental and overtone modes • Pulsations can be used to get funamental parameters of ...
... • Long period variations are most likely due to giant planets around stars with Mstar > 1 Mסּ • Short period variations are due to radial pulsations in the fundamental and overtone modes • Pulsations can be used to get funamental parameters of ...
Document
... • High Mass stars often times explode! • This spreads all of the elements Hydrogen through Iron (which makes up our planets and other new stars) and forms all elements after Iron (up to element 92- Uranium). ...
... • High Mass stars often times explode! • This spreads all of the elements Hydrogen through Iron (which makes up our planets and other new stars) and forms all elements after Iron (up to element 92- Uranium). ...
Stellar Evolution
... • When the hydrogen in the core is almost consumed the balance between gravity pulling in and pressure pushing out is disturbed. • The structure and appearance of the star changes dramatically. • What happens then, depends on the star’s mass. • Two cases: – Low-mass (< 8 x mass of Sun) – High-mass ( ...
... • When the hydrogen in the core is almost consumed the balance between gravity pulling in and pressure pushing out is disturbed. • The structure and appearance of the star changes dramatically. • What happens then, depends on the star’s mass. • Two cases: – Low-mass (< 8 x mass of Sun) – High-mass ( ...
Is the Sun a Star? - Classroom Websites
... the idea, since the Sun appears so much bigger and brighter than the distant stars. • The research studies referenced earlier in this probe suggest that students can learn the fact that "the Sun is a star" but may not realize the full implications of that statement, because many still think that the ...
... the idea, since the Sun appears so much bigger and brighter than the distant stars. • The research studies referenced earlier in this probe suggest that students can learn the fact that "the Sun is a star" but may not realize the full implications of that statement, because many still think that the ...
Second Semester Study Guide
... 25. What conclusion can be drawn from the fact that some planets with solid surfaces and satellites have impact craters? A. Collisions between Solar System bodies and planetesimals were common at one time. B. The young planets had softer surfaces. C. Volcanoes were very active in the early stages of ...
... 25. What conclusion can be drawn from the fact that some planets with solid surfaces and satellites have impact craters? A. Collisions between Solar System bodies and planetesimals were common at one time. B. The young planets had softer surfaces. C. Volcanoes were very active in the early stages of ...
Structure of the Solar System - Beck-Shop
... The desire to perceive order in the distribution of objects in the solar system can be traced to early Greece, although it may have had its roots in Babylonian astronomy. Anaximander of Miletus (611–547 b.c.) claimed that the relative distances of the stars, Moon, and Sun from the Earth were in the ...
... The desire to perceive order in the distribution of objects in the solar system can be traced to early Greece, although it may have had its roots in Babylonian astronomy. Anaximander of Miletus (611–547 b.c.) claimed that the relative distances of the stars, Moon, and Sun from the Earth were in the ...
1st EXAM VERSION C - Department of Physics and Astronomy
... charged particles from the sun accelerated/guided by magnetic field lines C. richer in heavier elements than other mass ejections D. nothing to be feared by spacecraft and humans in space E. never going to achieve escape velocity 24. An eclipsing binary system is A. two stars whose spectral lines mo ...
... charged particles from the sun accelerated/guided by magnetic field lines C. richer in heavier elements than other mass ejections D. nothing to be feared by spacecraft and humans in space E. never going to achieve escape velocity 24. An eclipsing binary system is A. two stars whose spectral lines mo ...
Venus - AstroArts
... energy from the sun that does reach the surface along with the heat the planet itself releases. This greenhouse effect has made the surface and lower atmosphere of Venus one of the hottest places in the solar system! If you were on the surface of the planet, the air above you would be about 90 times ...
... energy from the sun that does reach the surface along with the heat the planet itself releases. This greenhouse effect has made the surface and lower atmosphere of Venus one of the hottest places in the solar system! If you were on the surface of the planet, the air above you would be about 90 times ...
Free floating planets
... Earth, which is what the prevailing theory proposes, it has a diameter about 1 1/2 times bigger than our planet. If it is an iceball, it would be even bigger. ...
... Earth, which is what the prevailing theory proposes, it has a diameter about 1 1/2 times bigger than our planet. If it is an iceball, it would be even bigger. ...
Ch. 15 Notes
... • The existence of black holes was first proposed by Albert Einstein as a result of his Theory of General Relativity. He called them “dark stars”, but suggested these monsters could not possibly exist for real. • They have been observed due to the effect of their massive amounts of gravity on ...
... • The existence of black holes was first proposed by Albert Einstein as a result of his Theory of General Relativity. He called them “dark stars”, but suggested these monsters could not possibly exist for real. • They have been observed due to the effect of their massive amounts of gravity on ...
GAIA Composition, Formation and Evolution of our Galaxy
... space motions of all Galactic satellite systems ...
... space motions of all Galactic satellite systems ...
Astronomy - Test 3
... of the Sun looks dimmer than the part in the middle? A) The rotation of the Sun causes the hotter parts of the Sun to be near the equator, and the cooler parts near the poles B) It is a reflection phenomenon, so that when we look at the center, we see the reflection of the Earth, making it look hott ...
... of the Sun looks dimmer than the part in the middle? A) The rotation of the Sun causes the hotter parts of the Sun to be near the equator, and the cooler parts near the poles B) It is a reflection phenomenon, so that when we look at the center, we see the reflection of the Earth, making it look hott ...
From the Everett and Seattle Astronomical
... Institution of Washington puts it, “The inner planets are all litter-mates, if you will, the products of a single early stage in the evolution of a star, and yet the siblings turned out very differently. In order to understand what processes most control the differences in outcomes, we really have t ...
... Institution of Washington puts it, “The inner planets are all litter-mates, if you will, the products of a single early stage in the evolution of a star, and yet the siblings turned out very differently. In order to understand what processes most control the differences in outcomes, we really have t ...
Apr 2017 - Bays Mountain Park
... It is now April and the year is just zooming right along. We are more than a quarter into the year and one step closer to warmer weather. We are also getting ever so closer to the year’s biggest celestial event. Of course, I am talking about the Total Solar Eclipse coming up on August 21st. Whether ...
... It is now April and the year is just zooming right along. We are more than a quarter into the year and one step closer to warmer weather. We are also getting ever so closer to the year’s biggest celestial event. Of course, I am talking about the Total Solar Eclipse coming up on August 21st. Whether ...
![31 — Main-Sequence Stars [Revision : 1.1]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/015926256_1-97d746cbe97ccc13b433136b208bf071-300x300.png)
31 — Main-Sequence Stars [Revision : 1.1]
... – Terminal: above ∼ 9 M , supernova; below, white dwarf – Spectroscopic: above ∼ 1.5 M , early spectral type (OBA); below, late • Structural differences – Most significant structural difference is distribution of convective & radiative zones – In cores of low-mass stars like Sun ∗ Lower luminostiy ...
... – Terminal: above ∼ 9 M , supernova; below, white dwarf – Spectroscopic: above ∼ 1.5 M , early spectral type (OBA); below, late • Structural differences – Most significant structural difference is distribution of convective & radiative zones – In cores of low-mass stars like Sun ∗ Lower luminostiy ...
Apr 2016 - Bays Mountain Park
... 16. What is a white dwarf and how big is it? 17. What sized object becomes a neutron star? A black hole? 18. What is a neutron star and how big is it? 19. Who discovered pulsars and what are they? 20. What are the main parts of a black hole? ...
... 16. What is a white dwarf and how big is it? 17. What sized object becomes a neutron star? A black hole? 18. What is a neutron star and how big is it? 19. Who discovered pulsars and what are they? 20. What are the main parts of a black hole? ...
Possible climates on terrestrial exoplanets
... so-called “late veneer scenario”). The volatiles initially incorporated in the bulk of the mantle can be released through two major channels, catastrophic outgassing and release by volcanism, with very different timescales. As discussed in Section 2.2., because atmospheric escape is closely related ...
... so-called “late veneer scenario”). The volatiles initially incorporated in the bulk of the mantle can be released through two major channels, catastrophic outgassing and release by volcanism, with very different timescales. As discussed in Section 2.2., because atmospheric escape is closely related ...
Assignment Worksheet
... No late homework will be accepted. This homework assignment consists of the 5 questions below. Each question has equal weight. 1. Two stars are the same size. One star has a temperature of 50,000 K, the other has a temperature of 5000K. Compared to the cooler star, the hotter star must be a) b) c) d ...
... No late homework will be accepted. This homework assignment consists of the 5 questions below. Each question has equal weight. 1. Two stars are the same size. One star has a temperature of 50,000 K, the other has a temperature of 5000K. Compared to the cooler star, the hotter star must be a) b) c) d ...
Lecture 19: Low
... • Continue with life of a lowlow-mass star (like the Sun) after exhausting H in core -- post MS • Red giant (RG I) phase, with H shell burning • Helium flash goes off in shrinking degenerate core: horizontal branch star with He core burning • Double shell burning (H and He) yields red supergiant (RG ...
... • Continue with life of a lowlow-mass star (like the Sun) after exhausting H in core -- post MS • Red giant (RG I) phase, with H shell burning • Helium flash goes off in shrinking degenerate core: horizontal branch star with He core burning • Double shell burning (H and He) yields red supergiant (RG ...
doc
... nearly all of them are younger than about 100 million years? Does this suggest that there were few open clusters forming until recently, with our ...
... nearly all of them are younger than about 100 million years? Does this suggest that there were few open clusters forming until recently, with our ...
Planetary habitability
Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain life. Life may develop directly on a planet or satellite or be transferred to it from another body, a theoretical process known as panspermia. As the existence of life beyond Earth is unknown, planetary habitability is largely an extrapolation of conditions on Earth and the characteristics of the Sun and Solar System which appear favourable to life's flourishing—in particular those factors that have sustained complex, multicellular organisms and not just simpler, unicellular creatures. Research and theory in this regard is a component of planetary science and the emerging discipline of astrobiology.An absolute requirement for life is an energy source, and the notion of planetary habitability implies that many other geophysical, geochemical, and astrophysical criteria must be met before an astronomical body can support life. In its astrobiology roadmap, NASA has defined the principal habitability criteria as ""extended regions of liquid water, conditions favourable for the assembly of complex organic molecules, and energy sources to sustain metabolism.""In determining the habitability potential of a body, studies focus on its bulk composition, orbital properties, atmosphere, and potential chemical interactions. Stellar characteristics of importance include mass and luminosity, stable variability, and high metallicity. Rocky, terrestrial-type planets and moons with the potential for Earth-like chemistry are a primary focus of astrobiological research, although more speculative habitability theories occasionally examine alternative biochemistries and other types of astronomical bodies.The idea that planets beyond Earth might host life is an ancient one, though historically it was framed by philosophy as much as physical science. The late 20th century saw two breakthroughs in the field. The observation and robotic spacecraft exploration of other planets and moons within the Solar System has provided critical information on defining habitability criteria and allowed for substantial geophysical comparisons between the Earth and other bodies. The discovery of extrasolar planets, beginning in the early 1990s and accelerating thereafter, has provided further information for the study of possible extraterrestrial life. These findings confirm that the Sun is not unique among stars in hosting planets and expands the habitability research horizon beyond the Solar System.The chemistry of life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago, during a habitable epoch when the Universe was only 10–17 million years old. According to the panspermia hypothesis, microscopic life—distributed by meteoroids, asteroids and other small Solar System bodies—may exist throughout the universe. Nonetheless, Earth is the only place in the universe known to harbor life. Estimates of habitable zones around other stars, along with the discovery of hundreds of extrasolar planets and new insights into the extreme habitats here on Earth, suggest that there may be many more habitable places in the universe than considered possible until very recently. On 4 November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way. 11 billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists.