Deep Space (PDF: 224k)
... hotter photosphere. Hotter objects glow bluer like the metal under an arcwelder’s spark. The most massive stars are so hot that most of their energy is emitted beyond blue in the ultraviolet. You’ll need SPF 10,000 if you ever visit Sirius, the bright blue star in the summer sky! Less-massive stars ...
... hotter photosphere. Hotter objects glow bluer like the metal under an arcwelder’s spark. The most massive stars are so hot that most of their energy is emitted beyond blue in the ultraviolet. You’ll need SPF 10,000 if you ever visit Sirius, the bright blue star in the summer sky! Less-massive stars ...
Study Guide
... Law of Gravity Equation of State (“gas law”) Principle of Hydrostatic Equilibrium Source of Energy (e.g., Nuclear Fusion) Movement of Energy through star ...
... Law of Gravity Equation of State (“gas law”) Principle of Hydrostatic Equilibrium Source of Energy (e.g., Nuclear Fusion) Movement of Energy through star ...
CHAPTER 20
... Since the Voyager spacecraft passed Neptune’s moon Triton in 1989, scientists have noticed an interesting trend in Triton’s atmosphere. Images from the Hubble Space telescope taken in 1998 indicate that Triton is going through a rapid period of global warming. As Triton warms, Frozen nitrogen on its ...
... Since the Voyager spacecraft passed Neptune’s moon Triton in 1989, scientists have noticed an interesting trend in Triton’s atmosphere. Images from the Hubble Space telescope taken in 1998 indicate that Triton is going through a rapid period of global warming. As Triton warms, Frozen nitrogen on its ...
CHAPTER 20
... Since the Voyager spacecraft passed Neptune’s moon Triton in 1989, scientists have noticed an interesting trend in Triton’s atmosphere. Images from the Hubble Space telescope taken in 1998 indicate that Triton is going through a rapid period of global warming. As Triton warms, Frozen nitrogen on its ...
... Since the Voyager spacecraft passed Neptune’s moon Triton in 1989, scientists have noticed an interesting trend in Triton’s atmosphere. Images from the Hubble Space telescope taken in 1998 indicate that Triton is going through a rapid period of global warming. As Triton warms, Frozen nitrogen on its ...
planetary nebulae
... Images by Michael Cripps, Neatherd High School Students, ESA and NASA Project sponsored by the UK Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council, the European Space Agency and Norfolk Education Business Exchange Technical assistance by the scientists, engineers and educationalists of the European S ...
... Images by Michael Cripps, Neatherd High School Students, ESA and NASA Project sponsored by the UK Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council, the European Space Agency and Norfolk Education Business Exchange Technical assistance by the scientists, engineers and educationalists of the European S ...
Test 3, February 7, 2007 - Brock physics
... 45. Harlow Shapley concluded that the Sun was not in the centre of the Milky Way Gal axy by (a) looking at the shape of the “milky band” across the sky. (b) mapping the distribution of stars in the galaxy. (c) mapping the distribution of gas clouds in the spiral arms. (d) mapping the distribution of ...
... 45. Harlow Shapley concluded that the Sun was not in the centre of the Milky Way Gal axy by (a) looking at the shape of the “milky band” across the sky. (b) mapping the distribution of stars in the galaxy. (c) mapping the distribution of gas clouds in the spiral arms. (d) mapping the distribution of ...
Name Physics 130 Astronomy Exam 2 August 2, 2004 Multiple Choice
... a.) members of binary systems, in which one star periodically eclipses the other. b.) Stars at an early stage in stellar evolution, pre-main-sequence. c.) White dwarf stars, late in their evolutionary life d.) Giant stars that pulsate in brightness, size, and temperature. 36. _____ A planetary nebul ...
... a.) members of binary systems, in which one star periodically eclipses the other. b.) Stars at an early stage in stellar evolution, pre-main-sequence. c.) White dwarf stars, late in their evolutionary life d.) Giant stars that pulsate in brightness, size, and temperature. 36. _____ A planetary nebul ...
Question paper - Unit 5 (6PH05) - January 2012
... A goes down. B goes up. C may increase or decrease. D must stay constant. (Total for Question 7 = 1 mark) 8 The pressure exerted by an ideal gas, maintained at a constant temperature, is inversely proportional to the volume occupied by the gas. Which of the following statements is not true? A The av ...
... A goes down. B goes up. C may increase or decrease. D must stay constant. (Total for Question 7 = 1 mark) 8 The pressure exerted by an ideal gas, maintained at a constant temperature, is inversely proportional to the volume occupied by the gas. Which of the following statements is not true? A The av ...
THE METER STICK MODEL OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM
... motion (due to Earth’s rotation) of objects in the universe and how cultures have understood, related to and used these objects in the night sky. Objective 1: Compare the size and distance of objects within systems in the universe. c. Compare the size of the Solar System to the size of the Milky Way ...
... motion (due to Earth’s rotation) of objects in the universe and how cultures have understood, related to and used these objects in the night sky. Objective 1: Compare the size and distance of objects within systems in the universe. c. Compare the size of the Solar System to the size of the Milky Way ...
Earth Science Final Exam Study Guide 2014
... It crosses paths with Neptune. 4. Why is Venus considered Earth’s twin? (pg 590-591) It is about the same size. 5. Give one unique characteristic of each planet (pg 588-598) Mercury- Cratered like our moon Venus-hottest planet because of the extreme greenhouse effect Earth- only planet with water in ...
... It crosses paths with Neptune. 4. Why is Venus considered Earth’s twin? (pg 590-591) It is about the same size. 5. Give one unique characteristic of each planet (pg 588-598) Mercury- Cratered like our moon Venus-hottest planet because of the extreme greenhouse effect Earth- only planet with water in ...
H-R Diagram
... something interesting happened in an outof-the-way part of the galaxy. The sun ignited at the center of a cloud of gas and dust. The rest, as they say, is history. • We now know that stars (the sun included) are born in dust clouds, redden and swell to many times their original size as they age, the ...
... something interesting happened in an outof-the-way part of the galaxy. The sun ignited at the center of a cloud of gas and dust. The rest, as they say, is history. • We now know that stars (the sun included) are born in dust clouds, redden and swell to many times their original size as they age, the ...
answer key
... Astronomers initially (before 1920) classified stars by their hydrogen-line intensities and labelled them alphabetically A through P. “As” had a stronger hydrogen signature – hence were thought to have more hydrogen – than “Bs”, with “Ps” theoretically having the least hydrogen of all. As time went ...
... Astronomers initially (before 1920) classified stars by their hydrogen-line intensities and labelled them alphabetically A through P. “As” had a stronger hydrogen signature – hence were thought to have more hydrogen – than “Bs”, with “Ps” theoretically having the least hydrogen of all. As time went ...
lecture22
... Hydrogen and Helium are initially created in the Big Bang Stars process Hydrogen and Helium into heavier elements (elements lighter than iron) during their lives. Elements heavier than iron are generated only in the deaths of high mass stars (supernovae). We were all once fuel for a stellar furnace. ...
... Hydrogen and Helium are initially created in the Big Bang Stars process Hydrogen and Helium into heavier elements (elements lighter than iron) during their lives. Elements heavier than iron are generated only in the deaths of high mass stars (supernovae). We were all once fuel for a stellar furnace. ...
Section 1
... continuum and line spectra depend principally on the gravity, temperature, and composition (as well as rotation, magnetic field, mass loss, maculation, and other properties). The line spectra are used to classify stars, according to their temperature and photospheric pressure. With this criterion, w ...
... continuum and line spectra depend principally on the gravity, temperature, and composition (as well as rotation, magnetic field, mass loss, maculation, and other properties). The line spectra are used to classify stars, according to their temperature and photospheric pressure. With this criterion, w ...
Neutron Star - Perry Local Schools
... from the star’s center, and cooler gas sinks toward the center. – During radiation, atoms absorb energy and transfer it to other atoms in random directions. Atoms near the star’s surface radiate energy into space. ...
... from the star’s center, and cooler gas sinks toward the center. – During radiation, atoms absorb energy and transfer it to other atoms in random directions. Atoms near the star’s surface radiate energy into space. ...
Slide 1
... discovered by Jocelyn Bell and Anthony Hewish • As the core of a star collapses to form a neutron star, it spins fasters and faster • Its magnetic field becomes concentrated, and this results in a beam of radio waves coming out of its ...
... discovered by Jocelyn Bell and Anthony Hewish • As the core of a star collapses to form a neutron star, it spins fasters and faster • Its magnetic field becomes concentrated, and this results in a beam of radio waves coming out of its ...
Astronomical Knowledge Questionnaire (Student
... I do not know the answer to this question. 11 Stars begin life as … a cloud of gas and dust. a piece that comes from a star or planet. a white dwarf. matter in Earth’s atmosphere. a black hole. I do not know the answer to this question. 12 When the Sun reaches the end of its life, what ...
... I do not know the answer to this question. 11 Stars begin life as … a cloud of gas and dust. a piece that comes from a star or planet. a white dwarf. matter in Earth’s atmosphere. a black hole. I do not know the answer to this question. 12 When the Sun reaches the end of its life, what ...
Ch 28 Outline
... ABOVE the main-sequence stars are the giant stars with greater luminosity and diameters from 10 to 100x greater than the Sun. Even MORE luminous are the supergiants, stars with diameters >100x that of the Sun. Because of their great size, red supergiants are very luminous despite being relatively co ...
... ABOVE the main-sequence stars are the giant stars with greater luminosity and diameters from 10 to 100x greater than the Sun. Even MORE luminous are the supergiants, stars with diameters >100x that of the Sun. Because of their great size, red supergiants are very luminous despite being relatively co ...
More on Stars and the Sky
... It was an incentive to study and understand planetary movements in the sky, that indirectly led to the advancement of astronomy. – Early on there was there wasn’t any distinction between astrology and astronomy. Early astronomers were astrologers as well, it provided a livelihood for many astronomer ...
... It was an incentive to study and understand planetary movements in the sky, that indirectly led to the advancement of astronomy. – Early on there was there wasn’t any distinction between astrology and astronomy. Early astronomers were astrologers as well, it provided a livelihood for many astronomer ...
Stellar Evolution
... Some models predict that the smallest red dwarf stars may stay on the main sequence for a few trillion years. All of these small stars that have ever been born are still on the main sequence. We do not yet know what happens to them at the end of their lives. ...
... Some models predict that the smallest red dwarf stars may stay on the main sequence for a few trillion years. All of these small stars that have ever been born are still on the main sequence. We do not yet know what happens to them at the end of their lives. ...
The Sun and other Stars
... force, their cores are much hotter. This results in the core’s ability to fuse heavier elements than H and He. In fact high mass stars can fuse C, O and Even Silicon, but they are not hot enough to fuse Fe. The Gravitational pull is so great that the core collapses and causes a HUGE explosion ...
... force, their cores are much hotter. This results in the core’s ability to fuse heavier elements than H and He. In fact high mass stars can fuse C, O and Even Silicon, but they are not hot enough to fuse Fe. The Gravitational pull is so great that the core collapses and causes a HUGE explosion ...
Dynamics of disks with planets
... abundance relative to solar of heavy elements including such volatiles as N 2 , Ar, and Kr, was found by Galileo probe in Jupiter’s atmosphere (Owen et al. 1999). However, if Jupiter formed from material that condensed at its present location then gases like Ar and N2 should be depleted by 4 orders ...
... abundance relative to solar of heavy elements including such volatiles as N 2 , Ar, and Kr, was found by Galileo probe in Jupiter’s atmosphere (Owen et al. 1999). However, if Jupiter formed from material that condensed at its present location then gases like Ar and N2 should be depleted by 4 orders ...
Astronomy Assignment #1
... 7. Are all red giants or supergiants very massive stars? Why are red giants so big and red? What is going on inside the giants? All red giant and supergiants evolve from relatively massive stars. Any main sequence star that hotter than midK spectral type can become a giant star. So, not all giant st ...
... 7. Are all red giants or supergiants very massive stars? Why are red giants so big and red? What is going on inside the giants? All red giant and supergiants evolve from relatively massive stars. Any main sequence star that hotter than midK spectral type can become a giant star. So, not all giant st ...
1Barycenter Our solar system consists of the Sun and the
... Our solar system consists of the Sun and the many millions of celestial bodies, including large planets and microscopic dust particles, which orbit around it. As a unit, the solar system has a center of mass, its balancing point. At this point, the system would balance like a spinning plate atop a c ...
... Our solar system consists of the Sun and the many millions of celestial bodies, including large planets and microscopic dust particles, which orbit around it. As a unit, the solar system has a center of mass, its balancing point. At this point, the system would balance like a spinning plate atop a c ...
Document
... Proxima b stands a mere 4 light years away, making it our nearest neighboring planet in a habitable zone. Its discoverer, Spaniard Guillem Anglada-Escudé, was voted one of the journal Nature’s top ten scientists of 2016. The TRAPPIST-1 system is also relatively close, at 40 light years from our Sola ...
... Proxima b stands a mere 4 light years away, making it our nearest neighboring planet in a habitable zone. Its discoverer, Spaniard Guillem Anglada-Escudé, was voted one of the journal Nature’s top ten scientists of 2016. The TRAPPIST-1 system is also relatively close, at 40 light years from our Sola ...
Planetary habitability
Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain life. Life may develop directly on a planet or satellite or be transferred to it from another body, a theoretical process known as panspermia. As the existence of life beyond Earth is unknown, planetary habitability is largely an extrapolation of conditions on Earth and the characteristics of the Sun and Solar System which appear favourable to life's flourishing—in particular those factors that have sustained complex, multicellular organisms and not just simpler, unicellular creatures. Research and theory in this regard is a component of planetary science and the emerging discipline of astrobiology.An absolute requirement for life is an energy source, and the notion of planetary habitability implies that many other geophysical, geochemical, and astrophysical criteria must be met before an astronomical body can support life. In its astrobiology roadmap, NASA has defined the principal habitability criteria as ""extended regions of liquid water, conditions favourable for the assembly of complex organic molecules, and energy sources to sustain metabolism.""In determining the habitability potential of a body, studies focus on its bulk composition, orbital properties, atmosphere, and potential chemical interactions. Stellar characteristics of importance include mass and luminosity, stable variability, and high metallicity. Rocky, terrestrial-type planets and moons with the potential for Earth-like chemistry are a primary focus of astrobiological research, although more speculative habitability theories occasionally examine alternative biochemistries and other types of astronomical bodies.The idea that planets beyond Earth might host life is an ancient one, though historically it was framed by philosophy as much as physical science. The late 20th century saw two breakthroughs in the field. The observation and robotic spacecraft exploration of other planets and moons within the Solar System has provided critical information on defining habitability criteria and allowed for substantial geophysical comparisons between the Earth and other bodies. The discovery of extrasolar planets, beginning in the early 1990s and accelerating thereafter, has provided further information for the study of possible extraterrestrial life. These findings confirm that the Sun is not unique among stars in hosting planets and expands the habitability research horizon beyond the Solar System.The chemistry of life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago, during a habitable epoch when the Universe was only 10–17 million years old. According to the panspermia hypothesis, microscopic life—distributed by meteoroids, asteroids and other small Solar System bodies—may exist throughout the universe. Nonetheless, Earth is the only place in the universe known to harbor life. Estimates of habitable zones around other stars, along with the discovery of hundreds of extrasolar planets and new insights into the extreme habitats here on Earth, suggest that there may be many more habitable places in the universe than considered possible until very recently. On 4 November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way. 11 billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists.