File
... Distances in Space From here on earth it is difficult to fathom the huge distances that exist between the stars and planets. The circumference of the earth (38,500 km) may seem like a long way to us but is an insignificant distance in space. The nearest celestial object to earth, the moon, is approx ...
... Distances in Space From here on earth it is difficult to fathom the huge distances that exist between the stars and planets. The circumference of the earth (38,500 km) may seem like a long way to us but is an insignificant distance in space. The nearest celestial object to earth, the moon, is approx ...
A rocky planet transiting a nearby low-mass star
... stable against thermal escape. This is not the case for the other rocky exoplanets for which precise densities are known, all of which are considerably hotter. The rocky planet Kepler-78b (refs 8, 9), which is comparable in size and density to GJ 1132b, receives 200 times more irradiation than GJ 11 ...
... stable against thermal escape. This is not the case for the other rocky exoplanets for which precise densities are known, all of which are considerably hotter. The rocky planet Kepler-78b (refs 8, 9), which is comparable in size and density to GJ 1132b, receives 200 times more irradiation than GJ 11 ...
The New Dwarf Planet and Plutoids
... our solar system. The definition for planets has changed and there are now dwarf planets and plutoids. In 2006 leading astronomers redefined the word planet. A planet is now defined as a large celestial body orbiting a star. It is nearly round, has its own gravity, and must clear the neighborhood ar ...
... our solar system. The definition for planets has changed and there are now dwarf planets and plutoids. In 2006 leading astronomers redefined the word planet. A planet is now defined as a large celestial body orbiting a star. It is nearly round, has its own gravity, and must clear the neighborhood ar ...
File - Mr. Catt`s Class
... formed red giant will result in the formation of an accretion disk around the white dwarf. The material in the disk comes from the red giant and is mostly hydrogen. 2. An accretion disk is a rotating disk of gas orbiting a star, formed by material falling toward the star. ...
... formed red giant will result in the formation of an accretion disk around the white dwarf. The material in the disk comes from the red giant and is mostly hydrogen. 2. An accretion disk is a rotating disk of gas orbiting a star, formed by material falling toward the star. ...
Nov-17 - X-Squared Radio
... scriptural treatises, as well as historical records produced by the ancients, than any other library on Earth. The Roman Catholic Church is further informed about the future of humanity from the numerous Marian apparitions which have occurred around the world over the past two hundred years. It is a ...
... scriptural treatises, as well as historical records produced by the ancients, than any other library on Earth. The Roman Catholic Church is further informed about the future of humanity from the numerous Marian apparitions which have occurred around the world over the past two hundred years. It is a ...
Astrophysics 2012_2013 Grade 10 April 29, 2013
... Encke has an orbital period of three years, the shortest of any known comet, while Comet Catalina‘s orbital period is estimated to be about six million years – its last sighting was recorded on March 23, 1999. The brightest comet in recorded history has been Caesar’s Comet. It was observed on May 18 ...
... Encke has an orbital period of three years, the shortest of any known comet, while Comet Catalina‘s orbital period is estimated to be about six million years – its last sighting was recorded on March 23, 1999. The brightest comet in recorded history has been Caesar’s Comet. It was observed on May 18 ...
Stellar Evolution - Lick Observatory
... • Deriving galaxy ages is much harder because most galaxies have a star formation history rather than a single-age population of stars. • Still, simply by looking at color pictures it is possible to infer that there are many young stars in some galaxies, and none in others. ...
... • Deriving galaxy ages is much harder because most galaxies have a star formation history rather than a single-age population of stars. • Still, simply by looking at color pictures it is possible to infer that there are many young stars in some galaxies, and none in others. ...
Astronomical Knowledge Questionnaire (Teacher
... I do not know the answer to this question. 11 Stars begin life as … a cloud of gas and dust. a piece that comes from a star or planet. a white dwarf. matter in Earth’s atmosphere. a black hole. I do not know the answer to this question. 12 When the Sun reaches the end of its life, what ...
... I do not know the answer to this question. 11 Stars begin life as … a cloud of gas and dust. a piece that comes from a star or planet. a white dwarf. matter in Earth’s atmosphere. a black hole. I do not know the answer to this question. 12 When the Sun reaches the end of its life, what ...
luminosity1
... of a star. (Along with color and Wien’s Law) • Spectral typing can also be used to find out how much of a given element is in a star. • HD 161817 has much less of all the elements, other than Hydrogen and Helium, than the Sun. • In fact, it has about 0.03 the value of the Sun for all 90 elements. Th ...
... of a star. (Along with color and Wien’s Law) • Spectral typing can also be used to find out how much of a given element is in a star. • HD 161817 has much less of all the elements, other than Hydrogen and Helium, than the Sun. • In fact, it has about 0.03 the value of the Sun for all 90 elements. Th ...
A little bit more to do. Stefan
... of a star. (Along with color and Wien’s Law) • Spectral typing can also be used to find out how much of a given element is in a star. • HD 161817 has much less of all the elements, other than Hydrogen and Helium, than the Sun. • In fact, it has about 0.03 the value of the Sun for all 90 elements. Th ...
... of a star. (Along with color and Wien’s Law) • Spectral typing can also be used to find out how much of a given element is in a star. • HD 161817 has much less of all the elements, other than Hydrogen and Helium, than the Sun. • In fact, it has about 0.03 the value of the Sun for all 90 elements. Th ...
The Search for Extrasolar Earth-like Planets
... Searching for Earth-like Planets by their Gravitational Influence on the Parent Stars Searches for Earth-mass planets around nonsolar-type stars are underway [13] for short-period Earth-mass planets around the most common type of star: low-mass stars with masses of 0.06 to 0.5 times the mass of the ...
... Searching for Earth-like Planets by their Gravitational Influence on the Parent Stars Searches for Earth-mass planets around nonsolar-type stars are underway [13] for short-period Earth-mass planets around the most common type of star: low-mass stars with masses of 0.06 to 0.5 times the mass of the ...
Evolution of low
... • For stars less than 6Mo these last slides describe the evolution pretty well. There are some differences in the details that depend on the initial main-sequence mass. • For stars that start with 4Mo, it gets hot enough in the cores to (1) avoid the helium flash and (2) to start carbon fusion. • Th ...
... • For stars less than 6Mo these last slides describe the evolution pretty well. There are some differences in the details that depend on the initial main-sequence mass. • For stars that start with 4Mo, it gets hot enough in the cores to (1) avoid the helium flash and (2) to start carbon fusion. • Th ...
the May 2017 Newsletter!
... very close, the star could quite easily be seen as double in a 6 inch telescope. Other double stars were Castor and Alpha Centauri. Both of the latter have recently opened up from a close approach as viewed from Earth – Castor closed up for about 30 years. (See footnote 1); the Alpha Centauri pair a ...
... very close, the star could quite easily be seen as double in a 6 inch telescope. Other double stars were Castor and Alpha Centauri. Both of the latter have recently opened up from a close approach as viewed from Earth – Castor closed up for about 30 years. (See footnote 1); the Alpha Centauri pair a ...
Chapter 20: Stellar Evolution: The Death of Stars PowerPoint
... Low-Mass Stars End As White Dwarfs • UV radiation ionizes the expanding gas shell – This glows in what we see as a planetary nebula • Name given because they look somewhat like planets • No suggestion that they have, had, or will form planets ...
... Low-Mass Stars End As White Dwarfs • UV radiation ionizes the expanding gas shell – This glows in what we see as a planetary nebula • Name given because they look somewhat like planets • No suggestion that they have, had, or will form planets ...
Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Problems
... b. The second misses the earth by 5000 km. What is its speed at its closest point? || A binary star system has two stars, each with the same mass as our sun, separated by 1.0 * 1012 m. A comet is very far away and essentially at rest. Slowly but surely, gravity pulls the comet toward the stars. Supp ...
... b. The second misses the earth by 5000 km. What is its speed at its closest point? || A binary star system has two stars, each with the same mass as our sun, separated by 1.0 * 1012 m. A comet is very far away and essentially at rest. Slowly but surely, gravity pulls the comet toward the stars. Supp ...
Lesson 120125 - WordPress.com
... different sizes placed was a perfect shape between each, this meant that there had to be 6, and only 6, planets What was their spacing? Why this spacing? Maybe the 5 perfect objects, in the correct order, would give the correct distances between planets ...
... different sizes placed was a perfect shape between each, this meant that there had to be 6, and only 6, planets What was their spacing? Why this spacing? Maybe the 5 perfect objects, in the correct order, would give the correct distances between planets ...
Starspots (AIP – Klaus G
... Magnetic fields likely play an important role in almost any astrophysical target, from the early Universe to the Sun, Earth, and its environment. While numerical 3-D MHD simulations became more and more sophisticated in the previous years, magnetic-field observations are still extremely rare (except ...
... Magnetic fields likely play an important role in almost any astrophysical target, from the early Universe to the Sun, Earth, and its environment. While numerical 3-D MHD simulations became more and more sophisticated in the previous years, magnetic-field observations are still extremely rare (except ...
Temperate Earth-sized planets transiting a nearby ultracool
... probably prevent such trapping27. In contrast, TRAPPIST-1d orbits within or beyond the habitable zone of the star, its most likely periods corresponding to semi-major axes of between 0.033 and 0.093 AU. We estimate tidal circularization timescales for TRAPPIST-1d (unlike for the two inner planets) t ...
... probably prevent such trapping27. In contrast, TRAPPIST-1d orbits within or beyond the habitable zone of the star, its most likely periods corresponding to semi-major axes of between 0.033 and 0.093 AU. We estimate tidal circularization timescales for TRAPPIST-1d (unlike for the two inner planets) t ...
The Sun and other Stars
... force, their cores are much hotter. This results in the core’s ability to fuse heavier elements than H and He. In fact high mass stars can fuse C, O and Even Silicon, but they are not hot enough to fuse Fe. The Gravitational pull is so great that the core collapses and causes a HUGE explosion ...
... force, their cores are much hotter. This results in the core’s ability to fuse heavier elements than H and He. In fact high mass stars can fuse C, O and Even Silicon, but they are not hot enough to fuse Fe. The Gravitational pull is so great that the core collapses and causes a HUGE explosion ...
Universal Time
... – Outer four (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) are cold giants • Contain ice (H2O, NH3, CH4) • Atmosphere are H2 and He (lost by the inner planets due to higher temperature and intense solar radiation, and gravitational mass not strong enough) ...
... – Outer four (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) are cold giants • Contain ice (H2O, NH3, CH4) • Atmosphere are H2 and He (lost by the inner planets due to higher temperature and intense solar radiation, and gravitational mass not strong enough) ...
The Sun and the Solar System
... (b) development in observing technologies Ex.2: Hubble Space Telescope (c) high speed computers used to *simulate* astrophysical processes on extreme time-spatial scales and with extreme physical conditions ...
... (b) development in observing technologies Ex.2: Hubble Space Telescope (c) high speed computers used to *simulate* astrophysical processes on extreme time-spatial scales and with extreme physical conditions ...
The Sidereal Messenger - UB
... the moon appears of larger circumference than the rest of the globe that is in shadow. Perhaps some will also think that this same cause provides a very reasonable explanation why the greater spots on the moon are not seen to reach the edge of the circumference on any side, although it might be exp ...
... the moon appears of larger circumference than the rest of the globe that is in shadow. Perhaps some will also think that this same cause provides a very reasonable explanation why the greater spots on the moon are not seen to reach the edge of the circumference on any side, although it might be exp ...
observing cards - NC Science Festival
... the disk - just like we can’t see our whole town from our porch at night, just the lights nearest us. Do you think any of those nearest stars might include a planet orbiting it, with life on it, looking back at us? ...
... the disk - just like we can’t see our whole town from our porch at night, just the lights nearest us. Do you think any of those nearest stars might include a planet orbiting it, with life on it, looking back at us? ...
Planetary habitability
Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain life. Life may develop directly on a planet or satellite or be transferred to it from another body, a theoretical process known as panspermia. As the existence of life beyond Earth is unknown, planetary habitability is largely an extrapolation of conditions on Earth and the characteristics of the Sun and Solar System which appear favourable to life's flourishing—in particular those factors that have sustained complex, multicellular organisms and not just simpler, unicellular creatures. Research and theory in this regard is a component of planetary science and the emerging discipline of astrobiology.An absolute requirement for life is an energy source, and the notion of planetary habitability implies that many other geophysical, geochemical, and astrophysical criteria must be met before an astronomical body can support life. In its astrobiology roadmap, NASA has defined the principal habitability criteria as ""extended regions of liquid water, conditions favourable for the assembly of complex organic molecules, and energy sources to sustain metabolism.""In determining the habitability potential of a body, studies focus on its bulk composition, orbital properties, atmosphere, and potential chemical interactions. Stellar characteristics of importance include mass and luminosity, stable variability, and high metallicity. Rocky, terrestrial-type planets and moons with the potential for Earth-like chemistry are a primary focus of astrobiological research, although more speculative habitability theories occasionally examine alternative biochemistries and other types of astronomical bodies.The idea that planets beyond Earth might host life is an ancient one, though historically it was framed by philosophy as much as physical science. The late 20th century saw two breakthroughs in the field. The observation and robotic spacecraft exploration of other planets and moons within the Solar System has provided critical information on defining habitability criteria and allowed for substantial geophysical comparisons between the Earth and other bodies. The discovery of extrasolar planets, beginning in the early 1990s and accelerating thereafter, has provided further information for the study of possible extraterrestrial life. These findings confirm that the Sun is not unique among stars in hosting planets and expands the habitability research horizon beyond the Solar System.The chemistry of life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago, during a habitable epoch when the Universe was only 10–17 million years old. According to the panspermia hypothesis, microscopic life—distributed by meteoroids, asteroids and other small Solar System bodies—may exist throughout the universe. Nonetheless, Earth is the only place in the universe known to harbor life. Estimates of habitable zones around other stars, along with the discovery of hundreds of extrasolar planets and new insights into the extreme habitats here on Earth, suggest that there may be many more habitable places in the universe than considered possible until very recently. On 4 November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way. 11 billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists.