review
... massive stars can continue to transform the nuclei of elements such as carbon, oxygen, etc. into heavier nuclei AND also generate excess energy, up to a limit beyond which no further energy-producing reactions can occur. The element that is produced when this limit is reached is • A. silicon. • B. o ...
... massive stars can continue to transform the nuclei of elements such as carbon, oxygen, etc. into heavier nuclei AND also generate excess energy, up to a limit beyond which no further energy-producing reactions can occur. The element that is produced when this limit is reached is • A. silicon. • B. o ...
Comets and Asteroids Up-close
... largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter and the only dwarf planet located in the inner solar system. It was the first member of the asteroid belt to be discovered when Giuseppe Piazzi spotted it in 1801. ...
... largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter and the only dwarf planet located in the inner solar system. It was the first member of the asteroid belt to be discovered when Giuseppe Piazzi spotted it in 1801. ...
Distance from the Sun
... • Solar and lunar eclipses don't occur every month because the plane of the Moon's orbit around the Earth is not aligned with the plane of the Earth's orbit around the Sun. • The Moon's path is tilted when compared to the plane of Earth's orbit, so the Moon is not in a direct line with the Sun and E ...
... • Solar and lunar eclipses don't occur every month because the plane of the Moon's orbit around the Earth is not aligned with the plane of the Earth's orbit around the Sun. • The Moon's path is tilted when compared to the plane of Earth's orbit, so the Moon is not in a direct line with the Sun and E ...
THE THOUSAND-YARD MODEL or, The Earth as a Peppercorn
... The circling movements mean that the planets spend most of their time much farther apart even than they appear in out straight-line model. The distance between two planets can be up to the sum of their distances from the sun, instead of the difference. Jupiter and Saturn, for instance, can be as cl ...
... The circling movements mean that the planets spend most of their time much farther apart even than they appear in out straight-line model. The distance between two planets can be up to the sum of their distances from the sun, instead of the difference. Jupiter and Saturn, for instance, can be as cl ...
Chapter 12 Stellar Evolution
... core becomes hotter and hotter, and the helium burns faster and faster. The star is now similar to its condition just as it left the main sequence, except now there are two shells. ...
... core becomes hotter and hotter, and the helium burns faster and faster. The star is now similar to its condition just as it left the main sequence, except now there are two shells. ...
EarthComm_c1s3
... There is strong evidence for the big bang theory. However, it continues to be tested and examined. Another explanation is the steady-state theory. It is also known as the infinite-universe theory. This theory suggests the universe has always existed. It did not have a moment of creation, or a time z ...
... There is strong evidence for the big bang theory. However, it continues to be tested and examined. Another explanation is the steady-state theory. It is also known as the infinite-universe theory. This theory suggests the universe has always existed. It did not have a moment of creation, or a time z ...
This lecture covers the origins of the Universe, Sun and our planet
... actually have some grains of truth in our current scientific understanding of the birth of the Universe. Earth diver, Supreme Being sends bird or amphibian to Earth. It dives into the primordial sea and brings up mud to form land. World parent, Sky and Earth are joined; creation occurs when they a ...
... actually have some grains of truth in our current scientific understanding of the birth of the Universe. Earth diver, Supreme Being sends bird or amphibian to Earth. It dives into the primordial sea and brings up mud to form land. World parent, Sky and Earth are joined; creation occurs when they a ...
Frostburg State Planetarium presents
... see them with our eyes; for even these objects very far away (moon=1 unit). Venus 100x farther. • To tell a planet from a star, all night stars twinkle and planets usually shine steady. • Also satellites (especially Space Station) shine steadily as creep eastward across sky • Night stars are distant ...
... see them with our eyes; for even these objects very far away (moon=1 unit). Venus 100x farther. • To tell a planet from a star, all night stars twinkle and planets usually shine steady. • Also satellites (especially Space Station) shine steadily as creep eastward across sky • Night stars are distant ...
Habitable Zone Lifetimes of Exoplanets around Main Sequence Stars
... et al., 2007). More-sophisticated climate modeling approaches are required to fully constrain the complex effect that clouds, in atmospheres of varying compositions, will have on planetary climate under different stellar environments. The carbon-silicate cycle is fundamental in determining the CO2 m ...
... et al., 2007). More-sophisticated climate modeling approaches are required to fully constrain the complex effect that clouds, in atmospheres of varying compositions, will have on planetary climate under different stellar environments. The carbon-silicate cycle is fundamental in determining the CO2 m ...
HW #8 Stellar Evolution I Solutions
... rate in the event of fluctuations in the core fusion rate. This is known as a negative feedback cycle. For example, if core fusion rates momentarily increase, then the excess energy generated will increase the temperature of the core and cause the core to expand slightly. The resulting expansion the ...
... rate in the event of fluctuations in the core fusion rate. This is known as a negative feedback cycle. For example, if core fusion rates momentarily increase, then the excess energy generated will increase the temperature of the core and cause the core to expand slightly. The resulting expansion the ...
June 2016 - Flint River Astronomy Club
... distance, not time. One degree equals 60 arcminutes, and one arc-minute equals 60 arc-seconds. There are 360o in the celestial sphere, so an arcsecond is a very small part of the sky. (To give you an idea of how tiny it is, the two components of the famous double star Zeta Ursae Majoris – we know th ...
... distance, not time. One degree equals 60 arcminutes, and one arc-minute equals 60 arc-seconds. There are 360o in the celestial sphere, so an arcsecond is a very small part of the sky. (To give you an idea of how tiny it is, the two components of the famous double star Zeta Ursae Majoris – we know th ...
Boy Scout Astronomy Merit Badge Workbook
... and in cold weather. Tell how to safely observe the Sun, objects near the Sun, and the Moon. Explain first aid for injuries or illnesses, such as heat and cold reactions, dehydration, bites and stings, and damage to your eyes that could occur during observation. Activity: • Discuss and complete requ ...
... and in cold weather. Tell how to safely observe the Sun, objects near the Sun, and the Moon. Explain first aid for injuries or illnesses, such as heat and cold reactions, dehydration, bites and stings, and damage to your eyes that could occur during observation. Activity: • Discuss and complete requ ...
Astronomy 82 - Problem Set #1
... Given the low average speed of helium atoms in Jupiter's atmosphere, there should be relatively little “leakage” of helium from Jupiter out into space. Contrast this with the Earth: its escape velocity is much lower (~11 km/s) and its temperature is a bit higher, so there is a slow, but substantial, ...
... Given the low average speed of helium atoms in Jupiter's atmosphere, there should be relatively little “leakage” of helium from Jupiter out into space. Contrast this with the Earth: its escape velocity is much lower (~11 km/s) and its temperature is a bit higher, so there is a slow, but substantial, ...
Nuclear fusion in stars
... The only high-density objects present at that time could be black holes (and strings) left over from the original fireball The presence of structure in the 3K background radiation suggests that slight density fluctuations in the expanding H and He gas could develop into galaxies and first stars Ther ...
... The only high-density objects present at that time could be black holes (and strings) left over from the original fireball The presence of structure in the 3K background radiation suggests that slight density fluctuations in the expanding H and He gas could develop into galaxies and first stars Ther ...
V = 3 d3 = 4188.8 pc N = ρV = 0.1 pc χ 4188.8 pc = 419
... where M is the mass of the star. For what primary masses will any planets in the optimistic habitable zone be tidally locked? (Hint: Adopt the mass-luminosity relationship I showed in class to derive a relationship between the habitable zone distance and primary mass.) a) 0.11 MSun and below b) 0.25 ...
... where M is the mass of the star. For what primary masses will any planets in the optimistic habitable zone be tidally locked? (Hint: Adopt the mass-luminosity relationship I showed in class to derive a relationship between the habitable zone distance and primary mass.) a) 0.11 MSun and below b) 0.25 ...
STAR UNIT FLASH BACKS
... 1. TRUE OR FALSE: If a star is colored red, that means that it is moving AWAY from us (due to Red Shift). 2. How long would it take for an F-22 Raptor jet flying at top speed (1,500 miles per hour) to fly from the earth to the sun? a.) 8 minutes ...
... 1. TRUE OR FALSE: If a star is colored red, that means that it is moving AWAY from us (due to Red Shift). 2. How long would it take for an F-22 Raptor jet flying at top speed (1,500 miles per hour) to fly from the earth to the sun? a.) 8 minutes ...
doc
... S4E2. Students will model the position and motion of the earth in the solar system and will explain the role of relative position and motion in determining sequence of the phases of the moon. Understanding(s): Students will understand that… 1. The patterns of stars in the sky stay the same, although ...
... S4E2. Students will model the position and motion of the earth in the solar system and will explain the role of relative position and motion in determining sequence of the phases of the moon. Understanding(s): Students will understand that… 1. The patterns of stars in the sky stay the same, although ...
Branches of Astronomy
... spectrum, from low energy radio signals, to ultra high energy gamma-rays. They give us information about the evolution and physics of some of the Universe’s most dynamic treasures, such as neutron stars and black holes. ...
... spectrum, from low energy radio signals, to ultra high energy gamma-rays. They give us information about the evolution and physics of some of the Universe’s most dynamic treasures, such as neutron stars and black holes. ...
Earth, Sun, Moon System
... Something Special: Is there anything special about your planet? This can often be the best part of the report, taking you off on interesting topics. For example, are there 100-year-long storms on your planet? Are there giant volcanoes? Does your planet have a very tilted axis (giving it extreme seas ...
... Something Special: Is there anything special about your planet? This can often be the best part of the report, taking you off on interesting topics. For example, are there 100-year-long storms on your planet? Are there giant volcanoes? Does your planet have a very tilted axis (giving it extreme seas ...
d = 1 / p
... parallax angles). At the present the smallest parallax angle we can measure is about 0.001 arcsec, or 1000 parsecs (about 3300 light years). This is enough for most of the stars we see in the sky, but not most of the stars in the Galaxy (which is over 20000 parsecs across). Inverse Square Law – Calc ...
... parallax angles). At the present the smallest parallax angle we can measure is about 0.001 arcsec, or 1000 parsecs (about 3300 light years). This is enough for most of the stars we see in the sky, but not most of the stars in the Galaxy (which is over 20000 parsecs across). Inverse Square Law – Calc ...
Kepler`s Third Law
... make significant astronomical observations with a telescope --and they were spectacular. ...
... make significant astronomical observations with a telescope --and they were spectacular. ...
Stars - HMXEarthScience
... 1. Large clouds of dust and gas are pulled together by gravity (these clouds are called nebulae) 2. Gases in the nebula contract due to gravity, resulting in the formation of a protostar. 3. Pressure and temperature increase until the gases “ignite” and nuclear fusion begins 4. Once the star has ful ...
... 1. Large clouds of dust and gas are pulled together by gravity (these clouds are called nebulae) 2. Gases in the nebula contract due to gravity, resulting in the formation of a protostar. 3. Pressure and temperature increase until the gases “ignite” and nuclear fusion begins 4. Once the star has ful ...
d = 1 / p
... parallax angles). At the present the smallest parallax angle we can measure is about 0.001 arcsec, or 1000 parsecs (about 3300 light years). This is enough for most of the stars we see in the sky, but not most of the stars in the Galaxy (which is over 20000 parsecs across). Inverse Square Law – Calc ...
... parallax angles). At the present the smallest parallax angle we can measure is about 0.001 arcsec, or 1000 parsecs (about 3300 light years). This is enough for most of the stars we see in the sky, but not most of the stars in the Galaxy (which is over 20000 parsecs across). Inverse Square Law – Calc ...
PP 23-The Solar System
... Solar heating is the source of the energy of moving air. Solar energy also effects the process of the water cycle. ...
... Solar heating is the source of the energy of moving air. Solar energy also effects the process of the water cycle. ...
Potential for Life on the Terrestrial Planets
... close-in planets). But exoplanets which are discovered by transits can be re-observed by the Doppler method so that their mass can also be determined if the precision is above the current signal threshold. The discovery of CoRoT-7b, the first small rocky exoplanet with measured radius and mass (Lége ...
... close-in planets). But exoplanets which are discovered by transits can be re-observed by the Doppler method so that their mass can also be determined if the precision is above the current signal threshold. The discovery of CoRoT-7b, the first small rocky exoplanet with measured radius and mass (Lége ...
Planetary habitability
Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain life. Life may develop directly on a planet or satellite or be transferred to it from another body, a theoretical process known as panspermia. As the existence of life beyond Earth is unknown, planetary habitability is largely an extrapolation of conditions on Earth and the characteristics of the Sun and Solar System which appear favourable to life's flourishing—in particular those factors that have sustained complex, multicellular organisms and not just simpler, unicellular creatures. Research and theory in this regard is a component of planetary science and the emerging discipline of astrobiology.An absolute requirement for life is an energy source, and the notion of planetary habitability implies that many other geophysical, geochemical, and astrophysical criteria must be met before an astronomical body can support life. In its astrobiology roadmap, NASA has defined the principal habitability criteria as ""extended regions of liquid water, conditions favourable for the assembly of complex organic molecules, and energy sources to sustain metabolism.""In determining the habitability potential of a body, studies focus on its bulk composition, orbital properties, atmosphere, and potential chemical interactions. Stellar characteristics of importance include mass and luminosity, stable variability, and high metallicity. Rocky, terrestrial-type planets and moons with the potential for Earth-like chemistry are a primary focus of astrobiological research, although more speculative habitability theories occasionally examine alternative biochemistries and other types of astronomical bodies.The idea that planets beyond Earth might host life is an ancient one, though historically it was framed by philosophy as much as physical science. The late 20th century saw two breakthroughs in the field. The observation and robotic spacecraft exploration of other planets and moons within the Solar System has provided critical information on defining habitability criteria and allowed for substantial geophysical comparisons between the Earth and other bodies. The discovery of extrasolar planets, beginning in the early 1990s and accelerating thereafter, has provided further information for the study of possible extraterrestrial life. These findings confirm that the Sun is not unique among stars in hosting planets and expands the habitability research horizon beyond the Solar System.The chemistry of life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago, during a habitable epoch when the Universe was only 10–17 million years old. According to the panspermia hypothesis, microscopic life—distributed by meteoroids, asteroids and other small Solar System bodies—may exist throughout the universe. Nonetheless, Earth is the only place in the universe known to harbor life. Estimates of habitable zones around other stars, along with the discovery of hundreds of extrasolar planets and new insights into the extreme habitats here on Earth, suggest that there may be many more habitable places in the universe than considered possible until very recently. On 4 November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way. 11 billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists.