History of Astronomy
... Kepler’s 1st law • All planets orbit around the sun in an elliptical shape with the sun at one foci ...
... Kepler’s 1st law • All planets orbit around the sun in an elliptical shape with the sun at one foci ...
Reviewing concepts covered this year Looking Back
... measurements and observations. ____ 3. Factor in an experiment that can be manipulated by the experimenter. ____ 4. Factor in an experiment that can change if other factors are changed. ____ 5. After careful observation and applying background knowledge, ______ are formed by the observer. ____ 6. St ...
... measurements and observations. ____ 3. Factor in an experiment that can be manipulated by the experimenter. ____ 4. Factor in an experiment that can change if other factors are changed. ____ 5. After careful observation and applying background knowledge, ______ are formed by the observer. ____ 6. St ...
ScienceHelpNotes-UnitE1 - JA Williams High School
... of Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are closer to the sun and are made of solid material. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are much larger but less dense. These planets are made of gases, usaully hydrogen and helium and are referred to as Jovian Planets ...
... of Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are closer to the sun and are made of solid material. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are much larger but less dense. These planets are made of gases, usaully hydrogen and helium and are referred to as Jovian Planets ...
The Young Astronomers Newsletter Volume 22 Number 3 February
... repercussions for the galaxy, its effects are actually more subtle, mostly interfering with space exploration. ...
... repercussions for the galaxy, its effects are actually more subtle, mostly interfering with space exploration. ...
Document
... these numbers flip-flop during its life At its core, the Sun fuses 620 million metric tons of hydrogen each second. At this average distance, light travels from the Sun to Earth in about 8 minutes and 19 seconds, and is largely emitted by the photosphere. The only time we truly get to see the sun’s ...
... these numbers flip-flop during its life At its core, the Sun fuses 620 million metric tons of hydrogen each second. At this average distance, light travels from the Sun to Earth in about 8 minutes and 19 seconds, and is largely emitted by the photosphere. The only time we truly get to see the sun’s ...
Stars and Galaxies - Earth Science: Astronomy
... collection of stars, gas, and dust 1. Earth’s galaxy is Milky Way which is part of a galaxy cluster named the Local Group 2. Spiral galaxies—spiral arms wind out from inner section; some have barred spirals with stars and gas in a central bar ...
... collection of stars, gas, and dust 1. Earth’s galaxy is Milky Way which is part of a galaxy cluster named the Local Group 2. Spiral galaxies—spiral arms wind out from inner section; some have barred spirals with stars and gas in a central bar ...
Observational Constraints The Nebular Hypothesis
... elements. As the cloud collapsed, three things happened: 1. The cloud begins to rotate faster (conservation of angular momentum), 2. The cloud flattens into a disk, 3. The interior of the cloud heats up. At the center, the temperature continues to rise until it reaches ∼1 million degrees Kelvin. Thi ...
... elements. As the cloud collapsed, three things happened: 1. The cloud begins to rotate faster (conservation of angular momentum), 2. The cloud flattens into a disk, 3. The interior of the cloud heats up. At the center, the temperature continues to rise until it reaches ∼1 million degrees Kelvin. Thi ...
Review Day
... The atmosphere that surrounds the sun is made of three layers: Photosphere: Area where light is given off and lowest portion of the atmosphere. Chromosphere: Area beyond the photosphere. Corona: Only visible portion of the sun during an eclipse and the furthest layer from the core. ...
... The atmosphere that surrounds the sun is made of three layers: Photosphere: Area where light is given off and lowest portion of the atmosphere. Chromosphere: Area beyond the photosphere. Corona: Only visible portion of the sun during an eclipse and the furthest layer from the core. ...
File
... The sun is the center of the solar system, is the biggest object in our solar system, and is a star. We can see the sun better than other stars because it is closer to us than other stars. The closer a planet is to the sun, the more light and heat it gets. The sun always appears to rise in the East, ...
... The sun is the center of the solar system, is the biggest object in our solar system, and is a star. We can see the sun better than other stars because it is closer to us than other stars. The closer a planet is to the sun, the more light and heat it gets. The sun always appears to rise in the East, ...
finding masses of extrasolar planets
... Each of the various techniques for finding extrasolar planets also provides extra information about the planets and their stars. For example, the Doppler technique gives us information about the star’s velocity toward or away from us, and from this we can find it’s mass. It is possible to calculate ...
... Each of the various techniques for finding extrasolar planets also provides extra information about the planets and their stars. For example, the Doppler technique gives us information about the star’s velocity toward or away from us, and from this we can find it’s mass. It is possible to calculate ...
Sun, Star Types and Luminosity
... band of stars on the star diagram. b. Energy comes from nuclear fusion as they convert Hydrogen to Helium. c. The sun is a typical Main Sequence star. d. Most stars (about 90%) are Main Sequence Stars. e. For these stars, the hotter, the brighter ...
... band of stars on the star diagram. b. Energy comes from nuclear fusion as they convert Hydrogen to Helium. c. The sun is a typical Main Sequence star. d. Most stars (about 90%) are Main Sequence Stars. e. For these stars, the hotter, the brighter ...
Basics of Atmospheres and their Formation
... to space except in very cold and massive worlds – the Outer Planets • The 3 mechanisms by which a planet may lose atmosphere: (1) leakage of light molecules if it’s too hot or too little gravity. (2) Impact cratering is significant only for the inner planets (3) weak magnetic field can leave a plane ...
... to space except in very cold and massive worlds – the Outer Planets • The 3 mechanisms by which a planet may lose atmosphere: (1) leakage of light molecules if it’s too hot or too little gravity. (2) Impact cratering is significant only for the inner planets (3) weak magnetic field can leave a plane ...
The Transformation of Gas Giant Planets into Rocky Planets
... atmosphere. The more massive objects, like the gas and ice giants, are able to retain the light elements, as well as heavier gases like methane and ammonia, but as they lose mass, the light elements are lost whereas the heavier gases are still retained. The less massive rocky planets, on the other h ...
... atmosphere. The more massive objects, like the gas and ice giants, are able to retain the light elements, as well as heavier gases like methane and ammonia, but as they lose mass, the light elements are lost whereas the heavier gases are still retained. The less massive rocky planets, on the other h ...
the Powerpoint
... Venus and Earth are similar in size, mass, composition, and distance from the Sun but, Venus has no ocean. Venus is covered by thick, rapidly spinning clouds that trap surface heat, creating a scorched greenhouse-like world with temperatures hot enough to melt lead and pressure so intense that stand ...
... Venus and Earth are similar in size, mass, composition, and distance from the Sun but, Venus has no ocean. Venus is covered by thick, rapidly spinning clouds that trap surface heat, creating a scorched greenhouse-like world with temperatures hot enough to melt lead and pressure so intense that stand ...
The Copernican Model (1543)
... The Copernican Model (1543) The Copernican Model is Heliocentric and Geodynamic Heliocentric = “Sun Centered” Geodynamic = “Earth in motion” (The Ptolemaic Cosmology was Geocentric and Geostatic.) ...
... The Copernican Model (1543) The Copernican Model is Heliocentric and Geodynamic Heliocentric = “Sun Centered” Geodynamic = “Earth in motion” (The Ptolemaic Cosmology was Geocentric and Geostatic.) ...
Document
... Plato (c. 350 B.C.) suggested the need for a framework (e.g. stars revolve around the Earth which is fixed) “Geocentric Universe”: fixed relationship between stars Ptolemy (c. 100 A.D.) refined the system introduced (most notably) by Hipparchus to explain the observed motions of the stars and planet ...
... Plato (c. 350 B.C.) suggested the need for a framework (e.g. stars revolve around the Earth which is fixed) “Geocentric Universe”: fixed relationship between stars Ptolemy (c. 100 A.D.) refined the system introduced (most notably) by Hipparchus to explain the observed motions of the stars and planet ...
Possibilities for life elsewhere in the Solar System In our fifth
... cracking of Europa is thought by some to imply that at the bottom of this ocean one would have hydrothermal vents. We know that on Earth these host ecosystems of extremophiles, and it is possibly even more extensive on Europa because the lack of plate tectonics (the temperature is too low for magma) ...
... cracking of Europa is thought by some to imply that at the bottom of this ocean one would have hydrothermal vents. We know that on Earth these host ecosystems of extremophiles, and it is possibly even more extensive on Europa because the lack of plate tectonics (the temperature is too low for magma) ...
EMS, HR, Star Lives classwork/homework
... 18. When a star begins to run out of fuel, what two types of stars can it become? 19. What happens to small and medium stars when they run out of fuel? ...
... 18. When a star begins to run out of fuel, what two types of stars can it become? 19. What happens to small and medium stars when they run out of fuel? ...
Foundations of Astronomy Presentation
... States that the Universe is a perfect sphere with Earth at the Center. Objects in space also move in perfect circles. ...
... States that the Universe is a perfect sphere with Earth at the Center. Objects in space also move in perfect circles. ...
Geocentric vs. Heliocentric
... States that the Universe is a perfect sphere with Earth at the Center. Objects in space also move in perfect circles. ...
... States that the Universe is a perfect sphere with Earth at the Center. Objects in space also move in perfect circles. ...
Lifecycle of Stars - Mrs. Plante Science
... forming larger and larger balls of gas and dust molecules. • When the mass becomes large enough, gravitational contraction results in high pressure and temperature, and a protostar is formed. ...
... forming larger and larger balls of gas and dust molecules. • When the mass becomes large enough, gravitational contraction results in high pressure and temperature, and a protostar is formed. ...
Attachment
... neighbouring region of planetestimals. The term planet is ancient, with ties to history, science, mythology, and religion. ...
... neighbouring region of planetestimals. The term planet is ancient, with ties to history, science, mythology, and religion. ...
An Earth-sized Planet in the Habitable Zone of a
... The high coplanarity of the planets’ orbits (given by the fact that they all transit the star) suggest that they formed from a protoplanetary disk. The leading theories for the growth of planets include in-situ accretion of local material in a disk (26, 27), collisional growth of inwardmigrating pla ...
... The high coplanarity of the planets’ orbits (given by the fact that they all transit the star) suggest that they formed from a protoplanetary disk. The leading theories for the growth of planets include in-situ accretion of local material in a disk (26, 27), collisional growth of inwardmigrating pla ...
Observing Planetary Motion 15.3 Directions: Following the
... 9. What evidence do you have to support your answer to question 8? ...
... 9. What evidence do you have to support your answer to question 8? ...
Planetary habitability
Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain life. Life may develop directly on a planet or satellite or be transferred to it from another body, a theoretical process known as panspermia. As the existence of life beyond Earth is unknown, planetary habitability is largely an extrapolation of conditions on Earth and the characteristics of the Sun and Solar System which appear favourable to life's flourishing—in particular those factors that have sustained complex, multicellular organisms and not just simpler, unicellular creatures. Research and theory in this regard is a component of planetary science and the emerging discipline of astrobiology.An absolute requirement for life is an energy source, and the notion of planetary habitability implies that many other geophysical, geochemical, and astrophysical criteria must be met before an astronomical body can support life. In its astrobiology roadmap, NASA has defined the principal habitability criteria as ""extended regions of liquid water, conditions favourable for the assembly of complex organic molecules, and energy sources to sustain metabolism.""In determining the habitability potential of a body, studies focus on its bulk composition, orbital properties, atmosphere, and potential chemical interactions. Stellar characteristics of importance include mass and luminosity, stable variability, and high metallicity. Rocky, terrestrial-type planets and moons with the potential for Earth-like chemistry are a primary focus of astrobiological research, although more speculative habitability theories occasionally examine alternative biochemistries and other types of astronomical bodies.The idea that planets beyond Earth might host life is an ancient one, though historically it was framed by philosophy as much as physical science. The late 20th century saw two breakthroughs in the field. The observation and robotic spacecraft exploration of other planets and moons within the Solar System has provided critical information on defining habitability criteria and allowed for substantial geophysical comparisons between the Earth and other bodies. The discovery of extrasolar planets, beginning in the early 1990s and accelerating thereafter, has provided further information for the study of possible extraterrestrial life. These findings confirm that the Sun is not unique among stars in hosting planets and expands the habitability research horizon beyond the Solar System.The chemistry of life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago, during a habitable epoch when the Universe was only 10–17 million years old. According to the panspermia hypothesis, microscopic life—distributed by meteoroids, asteroids and other small Solar System bodies—may exist throughout the universe. Nonetheless, Earth is the only place in the universe known to harbor life. Estimates of habitable zones around other stars, along with the discovery of hundreds of extrasolar planets and new insights into the extreme habitats here on Earth, suggest that there may be many more habitable places in the universe than considered possible until very recently. On 4 November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way. 11 billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists.