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ganycal
ganycal

... rock core formation to show planets and the bomthat Ganymede and Callisto’s bardment history of evolutionary paths diverged Earth’s moon. about 3.8 billion years ago “Similar to Earth during the Late Heavy Bomand Venus, Ganymede Reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: Nature Geoscienc ...
Grade 5 ELA Life on a New Planet
Grade 5 ELA Life on a New Planet

... the temperature on Mars rise above freezing. We could not survive very long on Mercury, Venus, or Mars. But we would have much more luck on one of these planets than on the other planets. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are often called the "gas giants." It is easy to see how they earned this n ...
First mapping of the area surrounding our solar system
First mapping of the area surrounding our solar system

Program 8: Saturn
Program 8: Saturn

... the outer edge of the F ring, so as they pass by the satellite they experience a tiny gravitational tug that tends to slow them down. This causes them to move into orbits a little closer to Saturn, and back into the main part of the F ring. The combined effect of the two moons confines the F ring pa ...
Correct!
Correct!

... Name the order of the universe from the smallest to the greatest. Click on the letter of the correct answer ...
Monday, Oct. 6
Monday, Oct. 6

... • Note 2nd last column & density of Earth. • Ask yourself which planets have densities like rocks/iron? Float on water? ...
allowed planetary orbits
allowed planetary orbits

Definitions of Magnitudes and Surface Brightness
Definitions of Magnitudes and Surface Brightness

What Makes A Planet a Planet? A Great Story
What Makes A Planet a Planet? A Great Story

... Spot. Venus and Uranus were playing peek-a-boo through thick clouds. Mars was kicking up a storm of red dust, and Saturn was smoothing its rings. Our own lovely Earth, of course, was enjoying the wind whipping through its tall trees, the memory of dinosaurs, nights at the opera, and dancing with the ...
Circular ac
Circular ac

... important to note that the star is MUCH brighter than the planet; we can only measure the Doppler shift of the star light not the planet light. How do we relate the velocity of the planet (that we get from Kepler’s law) to the velocity of the star? ...
ASTR 1020 Homework Solutions
ASTR 1020 Homework Solutions

1 - University of Washington
1 - University of Washington

Unit 1
Unit 1

... to the main sequence, stay for a while, and eventually move through giant stages before becoming white dwarfs • Higher mass stars move rapidly off the main sequence and into the giant stages, eventually exploding in a supernova ...
Scientific Inquiry Performance Task: Sun, Air, Land and Water
Scientific Inquiry Performance Task: Sun, Air, Land and Water

A noble record
A noble record

... combination of products from the Big Bang and subsequent star chemistry. When stars end their lives in supernova explosions, they eject small micrometre sized (or less) particles that join the interstellar medium and can become part of a dense molecular cloud. Such grains in one particular interstel ...
Solar System evolution from compositional mapping of the asteroid
Solar System evolution from compositional mapping of the asteroid

... The Nice model was the first comprehensive solution that could simultaneously explain many unique structural properties of the Solar System11–13,51,52, ...
Stellar Evolution Task
Stellar Evolution Task

... Red giants are sooo large that we can actually 'see' their size. Sadly we have to use very special techniques and can't just look through a very large telescope. Many bright red stars we see in the sky are red giants. ...
Phys 100 – Astronomy (Dr. Ilias Fernini) Review Questions for
Phys 100 – Astronomy (Dr. Ilias Fernini) Review Questions for

... e. neutrinos in a massive star become degenerate and form a shock wave that explodes the star. 41. A nova is almost always associated with a. a very massive star. b. a very young star. c. a star undergoing helium flash. * d. a white dwarf in a close binary system. e. a solar like star that has exhau ...
Theme 10.1 -- Leftovers: Comets
Theme 10.1 -- Leftovers: Comets

... planets, in particular Jupiter. The new orbits may lead to their ejection from the solar system, or to them colliding with planets or even the sun itself. The link here shows a comet moving in towards the sun and having an apparent collision with it. (The sun itself is hidden by an occulting disk so ...
PDF format
PDF format

... icy and rocky. e)  Implausible. Such a dense object would not last long before falling into Neptune. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Chapter 14. Stellar Structure and Evolution
Chapter 14. Stellar Structure and Evolution

... grow. Low mass stars, on the other hand, can be so small in mass that they do not get their central temperatures high enough to start nuclear fusion of Hydrogen. The lower mass limit is about 0.07 solar masses. Lower than that limit, objects are called “brown dwarfs”. They can be seen for billions o ...
07_Jovian planets
07_Jovian planets

... • Due to conductive interiors and rapid rotation, Jovian planets have large magnetic fields. • Jupiter, Saturn, and Neptune radiate more energy than they receive from the Sun. ...
19uranusneptune2s
19uranusneptune2s

... Neptune shows much more distinct cloud bands and storms than Uranus Neptune has visible storms like Jupiter, but they appear to be short lived ...
11.2 A Wealth of Worlds: Satellites of Ice and Rock
11.2 A Wealth of Worlds: Satellites of Ice and Rock

WFIRST-2.4: What Every Astronomer Should Know
WFIRST-2.4: What Every Astronomer Should Know

... NIRCam. ...
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Formation and evolution of the Solar System



The formation of the Solar System began 4.6 billion years ago with the gravitational collapse of a small part of a giant molecular cloud. Most of the collapsing mass collected in the center, forming the Sun, while the rest flattened into a protoplanetary disk out of which the planets, moons, asteroids, and other small Solar System bodies formed.This widely accepted model, known as the nebular hypothesis, was first developed in the 18th century by Emanuel Swedenborg, Immanuel Kant, and Pierre-Simon Laplace. Its subsequent development has interwoven a variety of scientific disciplines including astronomy, physics, geology, and planetary science. Since the dawn of the space age in the 1950s and the discovery of extrasolar planets in the 1990s, the model has been both challenged and refined to account for new observations.The Solar System has evolved considerably since its initial formation. Many moons have formed from circling discs of gas and dust around their parent planets, while other moons are thought to have formed independently and later been captured by their planets. Still others, such as the Moon, may be the result of giant collisions. Collisions between bodies have occurred continually up to the present day and have been central to the evolution of the Solar System. The positions of the planets often shifted due to gravitational interactions. This planetary migration is now thought to have been responsible for much of the Solar System's early evolution.In roughly 5 billion years, the Sun will cool and expand outward many times its current diameter (becoming a red giant), before casting off its outer layers as a planetary nebula and leaving behind a stellar remnant known as a white dwarf. In the far distant future, the gravity of passing stars will gradually reduce the Sun's retinue of planets. Some planets will be destroyed, others ejected into interstellar space. Ultimately, over the course of tens of billions of years, it is likely that the Sun will be left with none of the original bodies in orbit around it.
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