Comets, vagrants of the universe
... Comets are space rubbish; they are remains from the formation of the solar system 4.600 million years ago. They consist of water, dry ice, ammonia, methane, iron, magnesium and silicates. They are fragile, dynamic and small, their diameter may measure about 10 kilometres. Comets have 3 parts: nucleu ...
... Comets are space rubbish; they are remains from the formation of the solar system 4.600 million years ago. They consist of water, dry ice, ammonia, methane, iron, magnesium and silicates. They are fragile, dynamic and small, their diameter may measure about 10 kilometres. Comets have 3 parts: nucleu ...
9. Asteroids, Comets, and Dwarf Planets
... • Much smaller than the terrestrial or jovian planets • Not a gas giant like other outer planets • Has an icy composition like a comet • Has a very elliptical, inclined orbit • Has more in common with comets than with the eight major planets © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... • Much smaller than the terrestrial or jovian planets • Not a gas giant like other outer planets • Has an icy composition like a comet • Has a very elliptical, inclined orbit • Has more in common with comets than with the eight major planets © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Evolution of Stars
... Apply the basics of the conservation of energy and the battle between gravely and pressure to what “drives” a star to evolve at each major stage of evolution. Explain what is meant by red giant branch, electron degeneracy, helium flash, horizontal branch, planetary nebula, white dwarf ...
... Apply the basics of the conservation of energy and the battle between gravely and pressure to what “drives” a star to evolve at each major stage of evolution. Explain what is meant by red giant branch, electron degeneracy, helium flash, horizontal branch, planetary nebula, white dwarf ...
Animated Planets PowerPoint Presentation
... Because you asked…….. The next visible comet is Comet Faye. Comet Faye's last perihelion was on November 15, 2006. It reached an apparent magnitude of 9.5 during that orbit. The orbital period of Comet Faye is 7.55 years Its next perihelion will occur on May 29, 2014. During this next appearance, i ...
... Because you asked…….. The next visible comet is Comet Faye. Comet Faye's last perihelion was on November 15, 2006. It reached an apparent magnitude of 9.5 during that orbit. The orbital period of Comet Faye is 7.55 years Its next perihelion will occur on May 29, 2014. During this next appearance, i ...
Life as a Low Mass Red Giant
... – As 4H -> He in core, the number of gas particles is reduced. – For a "perfect gas" it takes a higher core temperature to maintain the same pressure. – As core temperature rises, fusion rate rises, so luminosity increases somewhat. – This is very important for understanding origin of life on earth. ...
... – As 4H -> He in core, the number of gas particles is reduced. – For a "perfect gas" it takes a higher core temperature to maintain the same pressure. – As core temperature rises, fusion rate rises, so luminosity increases somewhat. – This is very important for understanding origin of life on earth. ...
TAKS objective 5 Earth and Space Systems
... The most widely accepted theory for the formation of the universe. It states that all matter & energy were once packed into a tiny particles smaller than speck of dust. This particle was incredibly hot & dense which suddenly began to expand. Overtime universe cooled & continued to expand. Evidence s ...
... The most widely accepted theory for the formation of the universe. It states that all matter & energy were once packed into a tiny particles smaller than speck of dust. This particle was incredibly hot & dense which suddenly began to expand. Overtime universe cooled & continued to expand. Evidence s ...
“Breakthroughs” of the 20th Century
... energy generation was also transformed from being a mere fuelling process. Not only were we producing energy, we were also manufacturing new, and heavier, elements. The overabundance of stellar helium was explained by processes that occurred in the Big Bang. The metallicity of the Universe was expla ...
... energy generation was also transformed from being a mere fuelling process. Not only were we producing energy, we were also manufacturing new, and heavier, elements. The overabundance of stellar helium was explained by processes that occurred in the Big Bang. The metallicity of the Universe was expla ...
Lecture02: Astronomical Distance
... Same object: the further away, the smaller? δ ~ 1/D Different objects of the same size, the further away, the larger? δ ~ d/D Different objects with different sizes may have the same angular sizes? ...
... Same object: the further away, the smaller? δ ~ 1/D Different objects of the same size, the further away, the larger? δ ~ d/D Different objects with different sizes may have the same angular sizes? ...
Document
... Asteroids, which are minor planets, and chunks of rock known as meteoroids, are other residents of our Solar System. We shall see how they and the comets are storehouses of information about the Solar System’s origin. Asteroids, meteoroids, and comets are suddenly in the news as astronomers are find ...
... Asteroids, which are minor planets, and chunks of rock known as meteoroids, are other residents of our Solar System. We shall see how they and the comets are storehouses of information about the Solar System’s origin. Asteroids, meteoroids, and comets are suddenly in the news as astronomers are find ...
What is a star?
... size of the sun to 1,000 times the size of the sun. • Two or more stars may be bound together by gravity, which causes them to orbit each other. • Three or more stars that are bound by gravity are called multiple stars or multiple star systems. The largest object in our solar system is the sun, whi ...
... size of the sun to 1,000 times the size of the sun. • Two or more stars may be bound together by gravity, which causes them to orbit each other. • Three or more stars that are bound by gravity are called multiple stars or multiple star systems. The largest object in our solar system is the sun, whi ...
Neptune & Uranus Notes
... Earth and perhaps 10 times more massive The pressure outside the cores of Uranus and Neptune (unlike the pressure within Jupiter and Saturn) is too low to force hydrogen into the metallic state, so hydrogen stays in its molecular form all the way in to the planets’ cores Astronomers theorize tha ...
... Earth and perhaps 10 times more massive The pressure outside the cores of Uranus and Neptune (unlike the pressure within Jupiter and Saturn) is too low to force hydrogen into the metallic state, so hydrogen stays in its molecular form all the way in to the planets’ cores Astronomers theorize tha ...
Formation, Habitability, and Detection of Extrasolar Moons
... around extrasolar planets. Of peculiar interest from an astrobiological perspective, the number of sizable moons in the stellar habitable zones may outnumber planets in these circumstellar regions. With technological and theoretical methods now allowing for the detection of sub-Earth-sized extrasola ...
... around extrasolar planets. Of peculiar interest from an astrobiological perspective, the number of sizable moons in the stellar habitable zones may outnumber planets in these circumstellar regions. With technological and theoretical methods now allowing for the detection of sub-Earth-sized extrasola ...
Unravelling the Origin and Evolution of Our Galaxy
... unexpected orbits. Theories of planetary formation developed to explain the formation of our own Solar System predicted that they would not form so close to the central star, where temperatures are high, and where the amount of protoplanetary disc matter was believed to be small. A transit across th ...
... unexpected orbits. Theories of planetary formation developed to explain the formation of our own Solar System predicted that they would not form so close to the central star, where temperatures are high, and where the amount of protoplanetary disc matter was believed to be small. A transit across th ...
CHAPTER 24 MS Earth, Moon, and Sun
... The Earth is tilted 23 1/2◦ on its axis (Figure 24.10). This means that as the Earth rotates, one hemisphere has longer days with shorter nights. At the same time the other hemisphere has shorter days and longer nights. For example, in the Northern hemisphere summer begins on June 21. On this date, ...
... The Earth is tilted 23 1/2◦ on its axis (Figure 24.10). This means that as the Earth rotates, one hemisphere has longer days with shorter nights. At the same time the other hemisphere has shorter days and longer nights. For example, in the Northern hemisphere summer begins on June 21. On this date, ...
pdf - at www.arxiv.org.
... important by itself. These properties must also be discussed with other general properties of GM events, such as their possible cyclicity or stochastic nature, which are under debate. Although giant planets quasi-conjunctions are events that generate very particular gravitational forces, so far, no ...
... important by itself. These properties must also be discussed with other general properties of GM events, such as their possible cyclicity or stochastic nature, which are under debate. Although giant planets quasi-conjunctions are events that generate very particular gravitational forces, so far, no ...
D2 Stellar characteristics and stellar evolution
... Hunter - the first direct picture of the surface of a star other than the Sun. While Betelgeuse is cooler than the Sun, it is more massive and over 1000 times larger. If placed at the center of our Solar System, it would extend past the orbit of Jupiter (has an immense but highly variable, outer atm ...
... Hunter - the first direct picture of the surface of a star other than the Sun. While Betelgeuse is cooler than the Sun, it is more massive and over 1000 times larger. If placed at the center of our Solar System, it would extend past the orbit of Jupiter (has an immense but highly variable, outer atm ...
English Summary
... hotter (radiation is stronger) the colour of the wire changes from red to yellow and finally blue. Actually, the wire emits in all colours but the temperature makes it emit more in one specific colour. We can heat the wire up more and the colour will change but our eye won’t be able to detect it. In ...
... hotter (radiation is stronger) the colour of the wire changes from red to yellow and finally blue. Actually, the wire emits in all colours but the temperature makes it emit more in one specific colour. We can heat the wire up more and the colour will change but our eye won’t be able to detect it. In ...
Chapter 12: Uranus and Neptune
... and a moon spurting geysers. Outline Seventh planet from the Sun, Uranus is a gas giant far larger than Earth - but modest in size compared to Jupiter. Uranus has an 84-year orbit, a day of 17 hours 48 minutes, a strangely tilted axis, and a magnetic field that is offset by 60 degrees to the rotatio ...
... and a moon spurting geysers. Outline Seventh planet from the Sun, Uranus is a gas giant far larger than Earth - but modest in size compared to Jupiter. Uranus has an 84-year orbit, a day of 17 hours 48 minutes, a strangely tilted axis, and a magnetic field that is offset by 60 degrees to the rotatio ...
Sidereal Time Distribution in Large-Scale of Orbits
... meaning star. A sidereal day is defined as the time required for the earth to travel 360° around its axis[1]. A geostationary satellite therefore must have an orbital period of one sidereal day in order to appear stationary to an observer on earth. The sidereal day is the time it takes for the Earth ...
... meaning star. A sidereal day is defined as the time required for the earth to travel 360° around its axis[1]. A geostationary satellite therefore must have an orbital period of one sidereal day in order to appear stationary to an observer on earth. The sidereal day is the time it takes for the Earth ...
The end of a sun-like star`s life (Planetary Nebulae)
... (jets and knots) exist in many pPNe and PNe. pPN momentum excess: the linear momentum in the majority of pPN outflows is higher than can be supplied by radiation pressure (often 103 104 times larger). Equatorial waists and disks: most bipolar or multipolar pPNe and PNe harbor over dense, dusty ...
... (jets and knots) exist in many pPNe and PNe. pPN momentum excess: the linear momentum in the majority of pPN outflows is higher than can be supplied by radiation pressure (often 103 104 times larger). Equatorial waists and disks: most bipolar or multipolar pPNe and PNe harbor over dense, dusty ...
Word version
... days—to complete. Careful observers learned to count out these days and created the first calendars. Solar and lunar cycles don’t line up precisely, however: the 29 and a half days of a lunar month do not fit evenly into the 365 days of the solar year. A calendar based on the moon will shift by abou ...
... days—to complete. Careful observers learned to count out these days and created the first calendars. Solar and lunar cycles don’t line up precisely, however: the 29 and a half days of a lunar month do not fit evenly into the 365 days of the solar year. A calendar based on the moon will shift by abou ...
Formation and evolution of the Solar System
The formation of the Solar System began 4.6 billion years ago with the gravitational collapse of a small part of a giant molecular cloud. Most of the collapsing mass collected in the center, forming the Sun, while the rest flattened into a protoplanetary disk out of which the planets, moons, asteroids, and other small Solar System bodies formed.This widely accepted model, known as the nebular hypothesis, was first developed in the 18th century by Emanuel Swedenborg, Immanuel Kant, and Pierre-Simon Laplace. Its subsequent development has interwoven a variety of scientific disciplines including astronomy, physics, geology, and planetary science. Since the dawn of the space age in the 1950s and the discovery of extrasolar planets in the 1990s, the model has been both challenged and refined to account for new observations.The Solar System has evolved considerably since its initial formation. Many moons have formed from circling discs of gas and dust around their parent planets, while other moons are thought to have formed independently and later been captured by their planets. Still others, such as the Moon, may be the result of giant collisions. Collisions between bodies have occurred continually up to the present day and have been central to the evolution of the Solar System. The positions of the planets often shifted due to gravitational interactions. This planetary migration is now thought to have been responsible for much of the Solar System's early evolution.In roughly 5 billion years, the Sun will cool and expand outward many times its current diameter (becoming a red giant), before casting off its outer layers as a planetary nebula and leaving behind a stellar remnant known as a white dwarf. In the far distant future, the gravity of passing stars will gradually reduce the Sun's retinue of planets. Some planets will be destroyed, others ejected into interstellar space. Ultimately, over the course of tens of billions of years, it is likely that the Sun will be left with none of the original bodies in orbit around it.