Syllabus 2012/2013 for Faculty of Medicine (English Division)
... 15. The pentose phosphate pathway. The directions of the pentose phosphate pathway reactions due to the cellular needs. 16. Hemolysis caused by reactive oxygen species in the conditions of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. 17. Gluconeogenesis. The maintenance of blood glucose levels by h ...
... 15. The pentose phosphate pathway. The directions of the pentose phosphate pathway reactions due to the cellular needs. 16. Hemolysis caused by reactive oxygen species in the conditions of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. 17. Gluconeogenesis. The maintenance of blood glucose levels by h ...
3 Energy Pathways
... • What are the three main sources of fuel for the body? • What happens when ATP is split? • Describe the ATP-CP energy pathway. • Describe the stages in anaerobic glycolysis. • Describe the stages of aerobic respiration. • How much ATP is produced in the downgrading of one glucose molecule? ...
... • What are the three main sources of fuel for the body? • What happens when ATP is split? • Describe the ATP-CP energy pathway. • Describe the stages in anaerobic glycolysis. • Describe the stages of aerobic respiration. • How much ATP is produced in the downgrading of one glucose molecule? ...
REVIEW FOR TEST 3: ENERGETICS
... 1. Define: autotroph, heterotroph, biochemical pathway, aerobic and anaerobic reactions, chemiosmosis, ATP synthase, reduction and oxidation (Redox) 2. Describe the two types of phosphorylation a. substrate-level phosphorylation b. chemiosmotic phosphorylation 1. photophosphorylation (CH 10) 2. oxid ...
... 1. Define: autotroph, heterotroph, biochemical pathway, aerobic and anaerobic reactions, chemiosmosis, ATP synthase, reduction and oxidation (Redox) 2. Describe the two types of phosphorylation a. substrate-level phosphorylation b. chemiosmotic phosphorylation 1. photophosphorylation (CH 10) 2. oxid ...
Enzymes
... • In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates, and the enzyme converts them into different molecules, the products. • Almost all processes in a biological cell need enzymes in order to occur at significant rates. ...
... • In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates, and the enzyme converts them into different molecules, the products. • Almost all processes in a biological cell need enzymes in order to occur at significant rates. ...
4 ADP + 4 Pi are converted to 2 ATP to produce a net gain of 2 ATP
... (the proton gradient is a reservoir of potential energy that can be harnessed in a controlled fashion to generate high energy bonds in the form of ATP) The cells can then allow the protons to re-enter the cell in a controlled fashion, and the energy derived from this movement can be used to do work. ...
... (the proton gradient is a reservoir of potential energy that can be harnessed in a controlled fashion to generate high energy bonds in the form of ATP) The cells can then allow the protons to re-enter the cell in a controlled fashion, and the energy derived from this movement can be used to do work. ...
Chapter 19 Carbohydrate Biosynthesis
... oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate is irreversible) or oxaloacetate does not occur in mammals, thus neither Lys and Leu nor even-numbered fatty acids are glucogenic in mammals; but net conversion of acetyl-CoA to oxaloacetate occurs in organisms like plants and bacteria that have the glyoxylate c ...
... oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate is irreversible) or oxaloacetate does not occur in mammals, thus neither Lys and Leu nor even-numbered fatty acids are glucogenic in mammals; but net conversion of acetyl-CoA to oxaloacetate occurs in organisms like plants and bacteria that have the glyoxylate c ...
Chapter 2 - Water - Technicalsymposium
... Usually have a hydrophobic chain of 12 carbon atoms plus an ionic or polar end. Soaps are alkali metal salts of long chain fatty acids - type of detergent. e.g. sodium palmitate e.g. sodium dodecyl sulfate (synthetic detergent) All form micelles (spheres in which hydrophilic heads are hydrated and ...
... Usually have a hydrophobic chain of 12 carbon atoms plus an ionic or polar end. Soaps are alkali metal salts of long chain fatty acids - type of detergent. e.g. sodium palmitate e.g. sodium dodecyl sulfate (synthetic detergent) All form micelles (spheres in which hydrophilic heads are hydrated and ...
Human Digestive System
... Microvilli have brush border enzymes to hydrolyze lactose and sucrose. ...
... Microvilli have brush border enzymes to hydrolyze lactose and sucrose. ...
Metabolic System and Exercise
... w Protein generally contributes little to energy production (less than 5%), and its oxidation is complex because amino acids contain nitrogen, which cannot be oxidized. ...
... w Protein generally contributes little to energy production (less than 5%), and its oxidation is complex because amino acids contain nitrogen, which cannot be oxidized. ...
Biochemistry Assessment
... 1. Graph A. The increase in pressure increases the speed of the reaction. 2. Graph B. The increase in temperature increases the speed of the reaction. 3. Graph C. When temperature and pressure increase, the speed of the reaction increases more than with just temperature or pressure alone. H. Amino A ...
... 1. Graph A. The increase in pressure increases the speed of the reaction. 2. Graph B. The increase in temperature increases the speed of the reaction. 3. Graph C. When temperature and pressure increase, the speed of the reaction increases more than with just temperature or pressure alone. H. Amino A ...
Ch6PROTEIN
... • Transferrin transports iron (hemoglobin – a protein, contains iron, but it transports oxygen) • Proteins may also acts as channels or pumps across the cell membrane Energy Source • If the diet does not provide enough energy, the body must begin to break down its own protein (from enzymes, muscle, ...
... • Transferrin transports iron (hemoglobin – a protein, contains iron, but it transports oxygen) • Proteins may also acts as channels or pumps across the cell membrane Energy Source • If the diet does not provide enough energy, the body must begin to break down its own protein (from enzymes, muscle, ...
Increase of Melanogenesis in the Presence of Fatty Acids
... that due to high hydrophobicity present in enzyme structure [6] the long hydrophobic tail of fatty acids, can bind to effector site of tyrosinase with relatively strong hydrophibic attractions, leading to conformational change of enzyme at its active site. This conformational change enhances the aff ...
... that due to high hydrophobicity present in enzyme structure [6] the long hydrophobic tail of fatty acids, can bind to effector site of tyrosinase with relatively strong hydrophibic attractions, leading to conformational change of enzyme at its active site. This conformational change enhances the aff ...
Date Revised: March 10th, 2002 - CIM
... HCl entering the duodenum would be too great to be neutralized by pancreatic, biliary and duodenal secretions and thereby causes the pH in the duodenum to be much lower than normal. The low intestinal pH would be expected to cause an increased release of secretin which normally would act as a feedba ...
... HCl entering the duodenum would be too great to be neutralized by pancreatic, biliary and duodenal secretions and thereby causes the pH in the duodenum to be much lower than normal. The low intestinal pH would be expected to cause an increased release of secretin which normally would act as a feedba ...
BIOLOGY I: CARBOHYDRATES, LIPIDS AND
... the energy stored as glycogen since the human body is simply not capable of storing as much glycogen compared to lipids. Lipids yield 9 kcal of energy per gram while carbohydrates and proteins yield only 4 kcal of energy per gram. It is interesting to compare the relative amounts of energy provided ...
... the energy stored as glycogen since the human body is simply not capable of storing as much glycogen compared to lipids. Lipids yield 9 kcal of energy per gram while carbohydrates and proteins yield only 4 kcal of energy per gram. It is interesting to compare the relative amounts of energy provided ...
Solutions for Biochemistry Unit Exam
... It is believed that prebiotic earth had an atmosphere that lacked oxygen. The first cells were anaerobic and likely absorbed free organic compounds from the primordial seas. At some point, free organic compounds were limiting, and cells needed a way to produce them. Photosynthetic organisms used H2S ...
... It is believed that prebiotic earth had an atmosphere that lacked oxygen. The first cells were anaerobic and likely absorbed free organic compounds from the primordial seas. At some point, free organic compounds were limiting, and cells needed a way to produce them. Photosynthetic organisms used H2S ...
Bio 216 Exam 1 Name Date 1. The study of how disease or injury
... 59. What is the inadequate supply of blood to an organ called? A. infarction B. ischemia C. necrosis D. cramping 60. The Cori cycle converts ______________ to pyruvic acid. A. glucose B. acetyl CoA C. lactic acid D. alcohol 61. What type of tissue is especially dependent on adequate plasma glucose l ...
... 59. What is the inadequate supply of blood to an organ called? A. infarction B. ischemia C. necrosis D. cramping 60. The Cori cycle converts ______________ to pyruvic acid. A. glucose B. acetyl CoA C. lactic acid D. alcohol 61. What type of tissue is especially dependent on adequate plasma glucose l ...
So, you want to know about siderophore synthesis
... All of these processes included the activation of a substrate by adenylation and the transfer to a thioester linkage with the enzyme, followed by condensation to form a longer chain. This is similar to the process followed in biosynthesis of fatty ...
... All of these processes included the activation of a substrate by adenylation and the transfer to a thioester linkage with the enzyme, followed by condensation to form a longer chain. This is similar to the process followed in biosynthesis of fatty ...
Respiration Notes (chapter 8)
... Step 3: Citric Acid Cycle -occurs in mitochondria matrix. -the cycle occurs twice, once for each acetyl-CoA that enters the cycle. 2 Aectyl-CoA6NADH+2FADH2+2ATP+4CO2 ...
... Step 3: Citric Acid Cycle -occurs in mitochondria matrix. -the cycle occurs twice, once for each acetyl-CoA that enters the cycle. 2 Aectyl-CoA6NADH+2FADH2+2ATP+4CO2 ...
9.2 The Process of Respiration
... B. Kreb's Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle (Follow the electrons) Will only occur if O2 is present!!! Input Pyruvic Acid from Glycolysis Intermediate Molecule= Citric Acid (hence the name) Output NAD+ NADH (Carry electrons and energy) FAD+ FADH ...
... B. Kreb's Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle (Follow the electrons) Will only occur if O2 is present!!! Input Pyruvic Acid from Glycolysis Intermediate Molecule= Citric Acid (hence the name) Output NAD+ NADH (Carry electrons and energy) FAD+ FADH ...
Gluconeogenesis
... humans. In mammals, some tissues depend almost completely on glucose for their metabolic energy. The human brain alone requires 120 g of glucose each day, more than half of which is stored as glycogen in muscle and liver. ...
... humans. In mammals, some tissues depend almost completely on glucose for their metabolic energy. The human brain alone requires 120 g of glucose each day, more than half of which is stored as glycogen in muscle and liver. ...
Cellular respiration Review: 1. Why is ATP the “energy currency” of
... What are the 2 types/ levels of ATP creation? Star the one that requires MORE energy to do. What term means to ‘add a phosphate” to something? Using glycolysis, give a specific example of energy coupling. If pyruvate has 3 carbons, oxaloacetate has 4 carbons and citric acid has 6 carbons (Co-enzyme ...
... What are the 2 types/ levels of ATP creation? Star the one that requires MORE energy to do. What term means to ‘add a phosphate” to something? Using glycolysis, give a specific example of energy coupling. If pyruvate has 3 carbons, oxaloacetate has 4 carbons and citric acid has 6 carbons (Co-enzyme ...