exam2review_s09.cwk (WP)
... pathways must be dynamic and coordinated so that cells can respond to changes in environment. Each reaction is catalyzed by a specific enzyme. Every enzyme-catalyzed reaction represents a potential point of regulation (inhibition or activation). In catabolic pathways the starting compound (an energy ...
... pathways must be dynamic and coordinated so that cells can respond to changes in environment. Each reaction is catalyzed by a specific enzyme. Every enzyme-catalyzed reaction represents a potential point of regulation (inhibition or activation). In catabolic pathways the starting compound (an energy ...
Document
... form water, the final end-product of respiration. The oxygen diffused in from the tissue fluid, crossing the cell and mitochondrial membranes by lipid diffusion. Oxygen is only involved at the very last stage of respiration as the final electron acceptor, but without it the whole respiratory chain s ...
... form water, the final end-product of respiration. The oxygen diffused in from the tissue fluid, crossing the cell and mitochondrial membranes by lipid diffusion. Oxygen is only involved at the very last stage of respiration as the final electron acceptor, but without it the whole respiratory chain s ...
Respiration 1 PDF
... • Citric acid cycle (also = Krebs cycle) • Citrate (ionized form of citric acid) = 1st molecule produced • Acetyl CoA brings two C atoms to cycle → recycles oxaloacetate → C atoms leave cycle as CO2 (completely oxidized) • Ultimately get CO2, NADH, FADH2, and ATP from the CAC. ...
... • Citric acid cycle (also = Krebs cycle) • Citrate (ionized form of citric acid) = 1st molecule produced • Acetyl CoA brings two C atoms to cycle → recycles oxaloacetate → C atoms leave cycle as CO2 (completely oxidized) • Ultimately get CO2, NADH, FADH2, and ATP from the CAC. ...
• Sources of glucose • Phases of glucose homeostasis • Hormones
... Phase I (Well-fed state) - Some glucose is converted to glycogen for storage in the liver (glycogenesis) - Excess glucose is converted to fatty acids and triglycerides in the liver - Which are transported via VLDL to adipose tissue for storage - Gluconeogenesis is inhibited in this phase ( Cori and ...
... Phase I (Well-fed state) - Some glucose is converted to glycogen for storage in the liver (glycogenesis) - Excess glucose is converted to fatty acids and triglycerides in the liver - Which are transported via VLDL to adipose tissue for storage - Gluconeogenesis is inhibited in this phase ( Cori and ...
Effect of increased free fatty acid supply on glucose metabolism and
... insensitivity is a characteristic feature of type 2 diabetes, and the skeletal muscle is the main site of resistance [l]. Decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, glucose oxidation and glucose storage rates have all been well documented in such patients [2, 31. The anti-lipolytic action of insul ...
... insensitivity is a characteristic feature of type 2 diabetes, and the skeletal muscle is the main site of resistance [l]. Decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, glucose oxidation and glucose storage rates have all been well documented in such patients [2, 31. The anti-lipolytic action of insul ...
Basic amino acid in the pathogenesis of caries
... in the pathogenesis of caries. Caries is a function of two indivisible variables, enamel and nature of its environment. Dental enamel is an active surface, where physico-chemical processes of de mineralization and remineralization proceed continuosly depending on changes in salivary pH. On the one ...
... in the pathogenesis of caries. Caries is a function of two indivisible variables, enamel and nature of its environment. Dental enamel is an active surface, where physico-chemical processes of de mineralization and remineralization proceed continuosly depending on changes in salivary pH. On the one ...
Chapter 3
... Phospholipids are structurally similar to fats and are an important component of all cells – For example, they are a major part of cell membranes, in which they cluster into a bilayer of phospholipids – The hydrophilic heads are in contact with the water of the environment and the internal part of ...
... Phospholipids are structurally similar to fats and are an important component of all cells – For example, they are a major part of cell membranes, in which they cluster into a bilayer of phospholipids – The hydrophilic heads are in contact with the water of the environment and the internal part of ...
respiratory system
... Respirations may also be modified by a number of other factors, including: cortical influences, the inflation reflex, chemical stimuli (O2, CO2, and H+ levels), neural changes due to movement, blood pressure changes, the limbic system, temperature, pain, and irritation to the airways. ...
... Respirations may also be modified by a number of other factors, including: cortical influences, the inflation reflex, chemical stimuli (O2, CO2, and H+ levels), neural changes due to movement, blood pressure changes, the limbic system, temperature, pain, and irritation to the airways. ...
Document
... and that makes some ATP (without needing Kreb’s and ETC) • This decreases pH and reduces cells’ ability to ...
... and that makes some ATP (without needing Kreb’s and ETC) • This decreases pH and reduces cells’ ability to ...
Olanzapine Activates Hepatic Mammalian Target of Rapamycin
... which depleted hepatic glycogen reserves. OLZ caused similar effects in cultured HepG2 cells, as determined by Seahorse analysis. Metabolomic analysis indicated that OLZ increased hepatic concentrations of amino acids that can alter metabolism via the mTOR pathway; indeed, hepatic mTOR signaling was ...
... which depleted hepatic glycogen reserves. OLZ caused similar effects in cultured HepG2 cells, as determined by Seahorse analysis. Metabolomic analysis indicated that OLZ increased hepatic concentrations of amino acids that can alter metabolism via the mTOR pathway; indeed, hepatic mTOR signaling was ...
Chapter 9
... Stepwise Energy Harvest via NAD+ and the Electron Transport Chain • In cellular respiration, glucose and other organic molecules are broken down in a series of steps • Electrons from organic compounds are usually first transferred to NAD+, a coenzyme • As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an ...
... Stepwise Energy Harvest via NAD+ and the Electron Transport Chain • In cellular respiration, glucose and other organic molecules are broken down in a series of steps • Electrons from organic compounds are usually first transferred to NAD+, a coenzyme • As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an ...
Cellular respiration
... are generally not realized due to losses such as the cost of moving pyruvate (from glycolysis), phosphate, and ADP (substrates for ATP synthesis) into the mitochondria. All are actively transported using carriers that utilise the stored energy in the proton electrochemical gradient. • Pyruvate is ta ...
... are generally not realized due to losses such as the cost of moving pyruvate (from glycolysis), phosphate, and ADP (substrates for ATP synthesis) into the mitochondria. All are actively transported using carriers that utilise the stored energy in the proton electrochemical gradient. • Pyruvate is ta ...
The astounding health benefits of Chlorella and Spirulina
... effects of meat protein; its mucopolysaccharides relax and strengthen connective tissue while reducing the possibility of inflammation; its simple carbohydrates yield immediate yet sustained energy; its GLA fatty acids improve hormonal balance; and its protein-bonded vitamins and minerals, as found ...
... effects of meat protein; its mucopolysaccharides relax and strengthen connective tissue while reducing the possibility of inflammation; its simple carbohydrates yield immediate yet sustained energy; its GLA fatty acids improve hormonal balance; and its protein-bonded vitamins and minerals, as found ...
articles - Geoscience Research Institute
... of proteins and nucleic acids. Furthermore, a model for prebiotic formation of these components must be consistent with current geological, biochemical, and astronomical theories. Before attempting a discussion of experiments dealing with chemical evolution, a brief introduction to some basic bioche ...
... of proteins and nucleic acids. Furthermore, a model for prebiotic formation of these components must be consistent with current geological, biochemical, and astronomical theories. Before attempting a discussion of experiments dealing with chemical evolution, a brief introduction to some basic bioche ...
primary structure
... Phospholipids are structurally similar to fats and are an important component of all cells – For example, they are a major part of cell membranes, in which they cluster into a bilayer of phospholipids – The hydrophilic heads are in contact with the water of the environment and the internal part of ...
... Phospholipids are structurally similar to fats and are an important component of all cells – For example, they are a major part of cell membranes, in which they cluster into a bilayer of phospholipids – The hydrophilic heads are in contact with the water of the environment and the internal part of ...
Chapter 47 - The Digestive System
... – Chemically modifies the substances absorbed from the digestive tract before they reach the rest of the body – Ingested alcohol and other drugs are taken into liver cells and metabolized – Removes toxins, pesticides, and carcinogens, converting them to less toxic forms – Regulates levels of steroid ...
... – Chemically modifies the substances absorbed from the digestive tract before they reach the rest of the body – Ingested alcohol and other drugs are taken into liver cells and metabolized – Removes toxins, pesticides, and carcinogens, converting them to less toxic forms – Regulates levels of steroid ...
Kreb`s Cycle
... – Impt to both catabolism (breakdown) and anabolism (build-up) of cell’s mol’s – Catabolism of carbohydrates, FA’s, aa’s through pyruvate, acetylCoA Kreb’s ATP ...
... – Impt to both catabolism (breakdown) and anabolism (build-up) of cell’s mol’s – Catabolism of carbohydrates, FA’s, aa’s through pyruvate, acetylCoA Kreb’s ATP ...
Amino Acids And Protein Ppt
... α-carboxyl group of one amino acid (with side chain R1) forms a covalent peptide bond with α-amino group of another amino acid ( with the side chain R2) by removal of a molecule of water. The result is : Dipeptide ( i.e. Two amino acids linked by one peptide bond). By the same way, the dipeptide can ...
... α-carboxyl group of one amino acid (with side chain R1) forms a covalent peptide bond with α-amino group of another amino acid ( with the side chain R2) by removal of a molecule of water. The result is : Dipeptide ( i.e. Two amino acids linked by one peptide bond). By the same way, the dipeptide can ...
Amino Acids And Protein Ppt - GCG-42
... α-carboxyl group of one amino acid (with side chain R1) forms a covalent peptide bond with α-amino group of another amino acid ( with the side chain R2) by removal of a molecule of water. The result is : Dipeptide ( i.e. Two amino acids linked by one peptide bond). By the same way, the dipeptide can ...
... α-carboxyl group of one amino acid (with side chain R1) forms a covalent peptide bond with α-amino group of another amino acid ( with the side chain R2) by removal of a molecule of water. The result is : Dipeptide ( i.e. Two amino acids linked by one peptide bond). By the same way, the dipeptide can ...
CPT-1 Update - Alaska Dietetic Association
... Mutation causes protein to always be “on” by not allowing malonyl CoA to bind ...
... Mutation causes protein to always be “on” by not allowing malonyl CoA to bind ...
Ch 5 Notes - Dublin Schools
... Concept 5.3: Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules • Lipids are the one class of large biological molecules that do not form polymers • The unifying feature of lipids is having little or no affinity for water • Lipids are hydrophobic because they consist mostly of hydrocarbons, which ...
... Concept 5.3: Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules • Lipids are the one class of large biological molecules that do not form polymers • The unifying feature of lipids is having little or no affinity for water • Lipids are hydrophobic because they consist mostly of hydrocarbons, which ...
... compounds indicate high energy reserves while the presence of the latter two indicate low energy reserves. Suitable examples are activation of PFK in glycolysis by ADP and its inhibition by ATP. Alternatively, most of the oxidatidative decarboxylation steps in the TCA cycle are inhibited by NADH and ...