hidayat immunology notes
... A second oxidative mechanism exists that is not dependent on myeloperoxidase. Through this mechanism, microbes are destroyed by the direct effects of H202, superoxide ions (02), reactive singlet oxygen radicals (0.), and hydroxyl ions (OH-). Since Ms lack myeloperoxidase, this is their principal mea ...
... A second oxidative mechanism exists that is not dependent on myeloperoxidase. Through this mechanism, microbes are destroyed by the direct effects of H202, superoxide ions (02), reactive singlet oxygen radicals (0.), and hydroxyl ions (OH-). Since Ms lack myeloperoxidase, this is their principal mea ...
Human Physiology/The Immune System
... lymphatic vessels. They are about 1-25 mm in diameter. Lymph nodes act as filters, with an internal honeycomb of connective tissue filled with lymphocytes that collect and destroy bacteria and viruses. They are divided into compartments, each packed with B lymphocytes and a sinus. As lymph flows thr ...
... lymphatic vessels. They are about 1-25 mm in diameter. Lymph nodes act as filters, with an internal honeycomb of connective tissue filled with lymphocytes that collect and destroy bacteria and viruses. They are divided into compartments, each packed with B lymphocytes and a sinus. As lymph flows thr ...
Lactate production and exercise-induced metabolic acidosis: guilty or not guilty?
... monoclonal mouse IgG1 anti-fetuin with fluoresceinconjugated fetuin in conditions of antigen excess, and then subjected to centrifugation at 14,0006g or 300,0006g for 20 or 60 min, respectively. Binding of immune complexes in the post-centrifugation supernatants to apoptotic human neutrophils was me ...
... monoclonal mouse IgG1 anti-fetuin with fluoresceinconjugated fetuin in conditions of antigen excess, and then subjected to centrifugation at 14,0006g or 300,0006g for 20 or 60 min, respectively. Binding of immune complexes in the post-centrifugation supernatants to apoptotic human neutrophils was me ...
Challenge Recovery from Secondary Poxvirus to Humoral Immunity
... Infection. Mice were inoculated with 103 PFU of ECTV-WT subcutaneously (s.c.) for a primary infection. For a secondary challenge, mice were first immunized with 105 PFU of ECTV-TK⌬ given intraperitoneally (i.p.) and 5 weeks later challenged s.c. with 103 PFU of ECTV-WT. All animals were monitored da ...
... Infection. Mice were inoculated with 103 PFU of ECTV-WT subcutaneously (s.c.) for a primary infection. For a secondary challenge, mice were first immunized with 105 PFU of ECTV-TK⌬ given intraperitoneally (i.p.) and 5 weeks later challenged s.c. with 103 PFU of ECTV-WT. All animals were monitored da ...
B Cells and Antibodies
... immune defenses. When this happens, the immune system must “adapt” by producing new counter-weapons. Otherwise, the mutated microbe may take over. Indeed, a chess match has been going on for millions of years in which the immune systems of animals constantly have been “upgraded” in response to novel ...
... immune defenses. When this happens, the immune system must “adapt” by producing new counter-weapons. Otherwise, the mutated microbe may take over. Indeed, a chess match has been going on for millions of years in which the immune systems of animals constantly have been “upgraded” in response to novel ...
The Immune Response to Mycobacterium
... response in TB. However, lately it became clear that more T-cell subsets, including CD8+ and TH17 cells and even B cells participate in the process [1,7,28]. The induction phase seems to be delayed relatively to the response to more common pathogens. It is initiated by signaling and presentation of ...
... response in TB. However, lately it became clear that more T-cell subsets, including CD8+ and TH17 cells and even B cells participate in the process [1,7,28]. The induction phase seems to be delayed relatively to the response to more common pathogens. It is initiated by signaling and presentation of ...
I. BACTERIA Percent Shift from Gram Positive (facultative) to Gram
... • Our periodontal host cells (fibroblasts, epithelial cells etc.) up-regulate their expression of membrane complement inhibitors (DAF and Protectin) to protect themselves against inadvertently deposited C3b and MAC and resist bystander damage by the membrane attack complex of complement. ...
... • Our periodontal host cells (fibroblasts, epithelial cells etc.) up-regulate their expression of membrane complement inhibitors (DAF and Protectin) to protect themselves against inadvertently deposited C3b and MAC and resist bystander damage by the membrane attack complex of complement. ...
“danger” signals in the immune response to gene
... recognition occurs without any input from the adaptive branch of the immune system and is inherent to most tissues of the body. During a pathogenic infection, a tissue becomes stressed and begins to secrete soluble factors such as granulocyte macrophage colony–stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-1, TNF- ...
... recognition occurs without any input from the adaptive branch of the immune system and is inherent to most tissues of the body. During a pathogenic infection, a tissue becomes stressed and begins to secrete soluble factors such as granulocyte macrophage colony–stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-1, TNF- ...
The human T cell immune response to Epstein
... a latent infection of the B lymphocyte pool that results in lifelong persistence. Entry of EBV into B cells is initiated by an interaction between the major viral envelope glycoprotein gp350 and the Blineage-associated C3d complement receptor CR2. Infection of B lymphocytes with EBV results in persi ...
... a latent infection of the B lymphocyte pool that results in lifelong persistence. Entry of EBV into B cells is initiated by an interaction between the major viral envelope glycoprotein gp350 and the Blineage-associated C3d complement receptor CR2. Infection of B lymphocytes with EBV results in persi ...
Hematopoietic cell–derived interferon controls viral replication and
... 3A). LCMV did not replicate in the lungs of WT mice. If such mice were transplanted with WT BM, there was detectable viral replication (Figure 3A), which suggests that there may be a form of innate immunodeficiency in the lung after BM transplantation. Interferon ...
... 3A). LCMV did not replicate in the lungs of WT mice. If such mice were transplanted with WT BM, there was detectable viral replication (Figure 3A), which suggests that there may be a form of innate immunodeficiency in the lung after BM transplantation. Interferon ...
short Novo Protein Synthesis of c-FLIP De CD95
... purchased from Transduction Laboratories (Lexington, KY). The anti-Bax Ab was obtained from Upstate Biotechnology (Lake Placid, NY), the antiBcl-2 Ab was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA), and the anti-caspase-10 Ab was obtained from MBL (Watertown, MA). The C15 mAb (mouse IgG ...
... purchased from Transduction Laboratories (Lexington, KY). The anti-Bax Ab was obtained from Upstate Biotechnology (Lake Placid, NY), the antiBcl-2 Ab was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA), and the anti-caspase-10 Ab was obtained from MBL (Watertown, MA). The C15 mAb (mouse IgG ...
Platelets selectively recognize bacterial DNA independently of Toll
... Ø Recognition by immune cells of molecular features of microbes. Ø In immune cells: major mechanism to discriminate pathogenic from self DNA is TLR 9 Ø TLR 9 in platelets ...
... Ø Recognition by immune cells of molecular features of microbes. Ø In immune cells: major mechanism to discriminate pathogenic from self DNA is TLR 9 Ø TLR 9 in platelets ...
Slide 1
... • Principal cells of the immune system are lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells (APC), and effector cells ...
... • Principal cells of the immune system are lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells (APC), and effector cells ...
The sixth sense: hematopoietic stem cells detect danger through
... and that its levels are modulated during pathophysiologic responses. The very high cellular ATP content and its instability make ATP measurement very liable to sampling artifacts secondary to tissue manipulation. These experimental limitations have been finally overcome by developing ATP-sensing pro ...
... and that its levels are modulated during pathophysiologic responses. The very high cellular ATP content and its instability make ATP measurement very liable to sampling artifacts secondary to tissue manipulation. These experimental limitations have been finally overcome by developing ATP-sensing pro ...
Slide 1
... • Principal cells of the immune system are lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells (APC), and effector cells ...
... • Principal cells of the immune system are lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells (APC), and effector cells ...
Mastic gum suppresses secretion of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in
... single-stranded (ss) RNA viruses such as rhinovirus produce double-stranded (ds) RNA which is detected as a ‘danger signal’ by the innate immune system. Previous studies have shown that exposure to rhinovirus infection or dsRNA in vitro induces TSLP production in bronchial epithelial cells from heal ...
... single-stranded (ss) RNA viruses such as rhinovirus produce double-stranded (ds) RNA which is detected as a ‘danger signal’ by the innate immune system. Previous studies have shown that exposure to rhinovirus infection or dsRNA in vitro induces TSLP production in bronchial epithelial cells from heal ...
"Evolution of the Human Immune System".
... hypermutation renders the provirus defective. RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene I)-like helicases (RLRs) are expressed in cytoplasm of all cells and recognize various features of viral RNA, e.g. dsRNA leading to activation of NF-kB and other pathways and expression of interferons (IFNs). dsRNA can ...
... hypermutation renders the provirus defective. RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene I)-like helicases (RLRs) are expressed in cytoplasm of all cells and recognize various features of viral RNA, e.g. dsRNA leading to activation of NF-kB and other pathways and expression of interferons (IFNs). dsRNA can ...
T cell
T cells or T lymphocytes are a type of lymphocyte (in turn, a type of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocytes, such as B cells and natural killer cells (NK cells), by the presence of a T-cell receptor (TCR) on the cell surface. They are called T cells because they mature in the thymus (although some also mature in the tonsils). The several subsets of T cells each have a distinct function. The majority of human T cells rearrange their alpha/beta T cell receptors and are termed alpha beta T cells and are part of adaptive immune system. Specialized gamma delta T cells, which comprise a minority of T cells in the human body (more frequent in ruminants), have invariant TCR (with limited diversity), can effectively present antigens to other T cells and are considered to be part of the innate immune system.