DNA - The Double Helix
... Scientist use the term "double helix" to describe DNA's winding, two-stranded chemical structure. This shape - which looks much like a twisted ladder - gives DNA the power to pass along biological instructions with great precision. To understand DNA's double helix from a chemical standpoint, picture ...
... Scientist use the term "double helix" to describe DNA's winding, two-stranded chemical structure. This shape - which looks much like a twisted ladder - gives DNA the power to pass along biological instructions with great precision. To understand DNA's double helix from a chemical standpoint, picture ...
AP Biology Deoxyribonucleic acid
... http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biochemistry/problem_sets/large_molecules/06t.html ...
... http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biochemistry/problem_sets/large_molecules/06t.html ...
File
... 20. Explain the relationship between monomers and polymers, using polysaccharides as an example. ...
... 20. Explain the relationship between monomers and polymers, using polysaccharides as an example. ...
1. Name the two major divisions of metabolism, and
... individual amino acids; Building a triglyceride from glycerol and 3 fatty acids, etc ...
... individual amino acids; Building a triglyceride from glycerol and 3 fatty acids, etc ...
Ans. Our cell contains 23 pairs of chromosome and it is inherited as
... Ans. Our cell contains 23 pairs of chromosome and it is inherited as one pair from each of our parents, which means that the sperm and egg receive 23 chromosomes through a complex process of cell division called as the meiosis. 2. Where is DNA found? Ans. Most of the DNA in a human cell is found in ...
... Ans. Our cell contains 23 pairs of chromosome and it is inherited as one pair from each of our parents, which means that the sperm and egg receive 23 chromosomes through a complex process of cell division called as the meiosis. 2. Where is DNA found? Ans. Most of the DNA in a human cell is found in ...
1) Where does glycolysis occur in the cell
... 5) During the Krebs Cycle, Pyruvate is ___________ to acetyl CoA. a) reduced b) oxidized c) eliminated d) transferred 6) _____________ is the main process of producing ATP in glycolysis. a) Substrate-level Phosphorylation b) Enzymatic-reduction of Pyruvate c) Reduction of Glucose d) Oxidative Phosp ...
... 5) During the Krebs Cycle, Pyruvate is ___________ to acetyl CoA. a) reduced b) oxidized c) eliminated d) transferred 6) _____________ is the main process of producing ATP in glycolysis. a) Substrate-level Phosphorylation b) Enzymatic-reduction of Pyruvate c) Reduction of Glucose d) Oxidative Phosp ...
Ch 13 student notes
... 1. Reading the Sequence a. Scientists can also read the order of nucleotide bases in a DNA fragment b. They make a copy of a single strand of DNA with colored nucleotides inserted at random places. c. Reading the order of the colored bands in a gel gives the nucleotide sequence of the DNA fragment 2 ...
... 1. Reading the Sequence a. Scientists can also read the order of nucleotide bases in a DNA fragment b. They make a copy of a single strand of DNA with colored nucleotides inserted at random places. c. Reading the order of the colored bands in a gel gives the nucleotide sequence of the DNA fragment 2 ...
Biol 213 Genetics (13 September 2000) Relationship between
... Evolution places a premium on what works, not on what is elegant. As a result, cells are full of clever fixes, using the materials and capabilities at hand. Very often the solution works in ways that seem to us circuitous, not at all how we would do it if we were designing things. Evolution rewards ...
... Evolution places a premium on what works, not on what is elegant. As a result, cells are full of clever fixes, using the materials and capabilities at hand. Very often the solution works in ways that seem to us circuitous, not at all how we would do it if we were designing things. Evolution rewards ...
Slide 1 - KREISELMANBIOLOGY
... DNA is under constant attack from reactive chemicals and natural background radiation. Free radicals are the byproducts of normal metabolism in human cells. Seen here as bright particles they sometimes react with DNA and cause chemical changes. Radiation can also affect DNA. For example ultraviolet ...
... DNA is under constant attack from reactive chemicals and natural background radiation. Free radicals are the byproducts of normal metabolism in human cells. Seen here as bright particles they sometimes react with DNA and cause chemical changes. Radiation can also affect DNA. For example ultraviolet ...
Functional and structural relationship of Cst-II sialyltransferases to synthesize mono- and di-sialylated lipo-oligosaccharides derivatives
... of lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS), thus mimicking the human ganglioside. There are two Cst-II isoforms that has either mono functional (α2,3-sialyltransfearse) or bi functional (α2,3- and α2,8-sialyltransferase) activity. These synthesize different types of gangliosides-like LOS that give rise to diffe ...
... of lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS), thus mimicking the human ganglioside. There are two Cst-II isoforms that has either mono functional (α2,3-sialyltransfearse) or bi functional (α2,3- and α2,8-sialyltransferase) activity. These synthesize different types of gangliosides-like LOS that give rise to diffe ...
Behavior Genetics and Evolutionary Psychology
... on another factor (such as heredity) Epigenetics – the study of influences on gene expressions that occur without a DNA change (studying the molecular mechanisms by which environments trigger genetic expression) Epigenetic mark – organic methyl molecules attracted to part of a DNA strand It in ...
... on another factor (such as heredity) Epigenetics – the study of influences on gene expressions that occur without a DNA change (studying the molecular mechanisms by which environments trigger genetic expression) Epigenetic mark – organic methyl molecules attracted to part of a DNA strand It in ...
Unit 8b-Modern Genetics
... Let's take a minute (in 1953 that is): at this point (thanks to Wilkins, Franklin, Watson, and Crick, we have: a proposed structure of DNA a hypothesis for DNA replication We still don't have: Proof of a method of DNA replication how DNA worked as the genetic code ...
... Let's take a minute (in 1953 that is): at this point (thanks to Wilkins, Franklin, Watson, and Crick, we have: a proposed structure of DNA a hypothesis for DNA replication We still don't have: Proof of a method of DNA replication how DNA worked as the genetic code ...
From DNA to Protein synthesis lab
... mRNA then leaves the nucleus and enters the cl.toplasm. In all cells, the mRNA molecule attaches to a ribosome, where IRNA anticodons translate the mRNA into amino acids. The completed amino acid chain, or polypeptide, then folds into its final shape as a protein. In this iab, you will model transcr ...
... mRNA then leaves the nucleus and enters the cl.toplasm. In all cells, the mRNA molecule attaches to a ribosome, where IRNA anticodons translate the mRNA into amino acids. The completed amino acid chain, or polypeptide, then folds into its final shape as a protein. In this iab, you will model transcr ...
Protein synthesis
... Transcription Unit (GENE): segment of DNA to be transcribed transcribed DNA strand = Template Strand Only read1 strand (template strand)…make complimentary ...
... Transcription Unit (GENE): segment of DNA to be transcribed transcribed DNA strand = Template Strand Only read1 strand (template strand)…make complimentary ...
Practical molecular biology
... Type I enzymes cut at a site that differs, and is located at least at at least 1000 bp away, from their recognition site. Type II enzymes recognize sites of 4-8 nucleotides and cleave DNA at the same site ...
... Type I enzymes cut at a site that differs, and is located at least at at least 1000 bp away, from their recognition site. Type II enzymes recognize sites of 4-8 nucleotides and cleave DNA at the same site ...
Eucharyotic Chromatin Organization
... What are some levels of tandemly repetitive DNA ? I: Highly repetitive DNA (10 – 25 % of the genome) ...
... What are some levels of tandemly repetitive DNA ? I: Highly repetitive DNA (10 – 25 % of the genome) ...
PowerPoint - Land of Biology
... Made in the pancreas, allows cells to take up glucose Supplemental insulin was provided by taking it from camels and sheep That makes the sheep and camels grumpy and dead. Plus, some people were allergic or sensitive to camel and sheep proteins. ...
... Made in the pancreas, allows cells to take up glucose Supplemental insulin was provided by taking it from camels and sheep That makes the sheep and camels grumpy and dead. Plus, some people were allergic or sensitive to camel and sheep proteins. ...
CHAPTER 6: RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY
... The insert contains a selectable marker which allows for identification of recombinant molecules. An antibiotic marker is often used so a host cell without a vector dies when exposed to a certain antibiotic, and the host with the vector will live because it is resistant. The vector is inserted into ...
... The insert contains a selectable marker which allows for identification of recombinant molecules. An antibiotic marker is often used so a host cell without a vector dies when exposed to a certain antibiotic, and the host with the vector will live because it is resistant. The vector is inserted into ...
TRANSFORMATION
... Boiled S + live R injected into mice -> pneumonia -> death This was not expected because boiled S and live R were harmless by themselves Took blood samples and found live S in the dead mice Concluded that some factor, a "transforming principle", from the dead S had converted some R bacteria ...
... Boiled S + live R injected into mice -> pneumonia -> death This was not expected because boiled S and live R were harmless by themselves Took blood samples and found live S in the dead mice Concluded that some factor, a "transforming principle", from the dead S had converted some R bacteria ...
Slide 1
... strand cleavage. They are all metalloenzymes, usually using Mg. Several hammerhead structures have been solved. This one is a minimized RNA which still retains catalytic activity; it has a 16 base “enzyme” strand and a 25 base substrate strand. In the crystal, however, the usual cleavage site at C17 ...
... strand cleavage. They are all metalloenzymes, usually using Mg. Several hammerhead structures have been solved. This one is a minimized RNA which still retains catalytic activity; it has a 16 base “enzyme” strand and a 25 base substrate strand. In the crystal, however, the usual cleavage site at C17 ...
Deoxyribozyme
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Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.