Enzyme
... • It is an organic non-protein group which is tightly bound to the enzyme or as an integral part with the enzyme. • It can act as carriers of atoms or electrons while transferring one compound to another in an overall metabolic pathway. • e.g. FAD, haemoglobin etc. ...
... • It is an organic non-protein group which is tightly bound to the enzyme or as an integral part with the enzyme. • It can act as carriers of atoms or electrons while transferring one compound to another in an overall metabolic pathway. • e.g. FAD, haemoglobin etc. ...
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
... that inactivate aminoglycosides by three types of reactions has been found in gram-negative bacteria (1, 11). Until recently, resistance of gram-positive bacteria to aminoglycosides has scarcely been examined; however, inactivation of kanamycin by a resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus has been ...
... that inactivate aminoglycosides by three types of reactions has been found in gram-negative bacteria (1, 11). Until recently, resistance of gram-positive bacteria to aminoglycosides has scarcely been examined; however, inactivation of kanamycin by a resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus has been ...
Active Site Interactions in Oligomeric Structures of Inorganic
... amino acids. This method replaced chemical modifications, whose weak points were evident. Even a highly specific chemical reagent used for modification is an additional component introduced into the enzyme molecule and therefore may play a pivotal role in changing properties of the protein. However, ...
... amino acids. This method replaced chemical modifications, whose weak points were evident. Even a highly specific chemical reagent used for modification is an additional component introduced into the enzyme molecule and therefore may play a pivotal role in changing properties of the protein. However, ...
Recombination in large RNA viruses: Coronaviruses
... could not be isolated because of lack of selection markers. It is noteworthy that these transfected RNA fragments could not replicate;32,33 thus, they probably directly served as templates for RNA recombination. In addition, both the transfected positive- and negative-strand RNAs could lead to recom ...
... could not be isolated because of lack of selection markers. It is noteworthy that these transfected RNA fragments could not replicate;32,33 thus, they probably directly served as templates for RNA recombination. In addition, both the transfected positive- and negative-strand RNAs could lead to recom ...
Catellibacterium aquatile sp. nov., isolated from fresh water, and
... was stored as glycerol stocks (15 %, w/v) at 280 uC. Growth on several bacteriological media was tested: YP agar, R2A agar, trypticase soy agar (TSA; Difco), nutrient agar, Luria–Bertani (LB) agar and LOLB agar. Abundant growth was observed on YP agar, R2A agar and LOLB agar, but no growth was seen ...
... was stored as glycerol stocks (15 %, w/v) at 280 uC. Growth on several bacteriological media was tested: YP agar, R2A agar, trypticase soy agar (TSA; Difco), nutrient agar, Luria–Bertani (LB) agar and LOLB agar. Abundant growth was observed on YP agar, R2A agar and LOLB agar, but no growth was seen ...
Identification of Short Motifs for Comparing Biological Sequences
... the work, with a hypothesis that considering these major factors would enhance the quality of the comparison results. DNA sequences are not random in their structures, and it is believed that each fragment/subsequence of the DNA sequence carries a message or a signal. The hypothesis used in this res ...
... the work, with a hypothesis that considering these major factors would enhance the quality of the comparison results. DNA sequences are not random in their structures, and it is believed that each fragment/subsequence of the DNA sequence carries a message or a signal. The hypothesis used in this res ...
Genetic Engineering of Plants for Resistance to Viruses
... first true leaves open and cotyledons still attached to the seedling. No pre-treatment other than maybe punching the meristem appear to be necessary. Both DC and AC are effective in delivering DNA to the plant cells. The leaves of GUS positive plants had a sectored appearance; Kanamycin resist ...
... first true leaves open and cotyledons still attached to the seedling. No pre-treatment other than maybe punching the meristem appear to be necessary. Both DC and AC are effective in delivering DNA to the plant cells. The leaves of GUS positive plants had a sectored appearance; Kanamycin resist ...
1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The nucleus of the cell contains our
... histone H4, whose molecular weights were each less than that of histone H1 (see Figure 2). Histones H2A and H2B eluted in a second fraction, even though their molecular weights were more closely related to H3 and H4, which suggested H3 and H4 formed a high affinity dimer. Cross-linkage of histone pr ...
... histone H4, whose molecular weights were each less than that of histone H1 (see Figure 2). Histones H2A and H2B eluted in a second fraction, even though their molecular weights were more closely related to H3 and H4, which suggested H3 and H4 formed a high affinity dimer. Cross-linkage of histone pr ...
physical maps
... Initial genetic maps used SSRs which are highly polymorphic. Identified by screening DNA libraries with SSR probes Amplified by PCR and length differences assayed SNPs – millions more recently identified by comparison of orthologous regions of cDNA clones from different individuals Copyright © The M ...
... Initial genetic maps used SSRs which are highly polymorphic. Identified by screening DNA libraries with SSR probes Amplified by PCR and length differences assayed SNPs – millions more recently identified by comparison of orthologous regions of cDNA clones from different individuals Copyright © The M ...
Ends-out, or replacement, gene targeting in Drosophila
... frequent as a result of excision and loss of y⫹. One possible explanation supposes that repair of the cut chromosomal ends is very inefficient, and although targeting may have occurred, those cells died because of a failure to fix the chromosomal DSB at the donor site. Alternatively, repair of a DSB ...
... frequent as a result of excision and loss of y⫹. One possible explanation supposes that repair of the cut chromosomal ends is very inefficient, and although targeting may have occurred, those cells died because of a failure to fix the chromosomal DSB at the donor site. Alternatively, repair of a DSB ...
iGenetics: A Molecular Approach, 3e (Russell/Bose)
... 45) For geneticists, why is it important that genetic variability exist in the population under study? Answer: Genetic variation in individuals of a population is important for studying the inheritance pattern of those characteristics. If all the members of a population were identical for the trait ...
... 45) For geneticists, why is it important that genetic variability exist in the population under study? Answer: Genetic variation in individuals of a population is important for studying the inheritance pattern of those characteristics. If all the members of a population were identical for the trait ...
B.2 Specific Aims. The term `epigenetics` literally means `above the
... B.2 Specific Aims. The term ‘epigenetics’ literally means ‘above the genome’, and describes the study of stable modifications of gene expression potential[1]. DNA methylation is one molecular mechanism mediating epigenetic phenomena, and indicates the covalent transfer of a methyl group to the carbo ...
... B.2 Specific Aims. The term ‘epigenetics’ literally means ‘above the genome’, and describes the study of stable modifications of gene expression potential[1]. DNA methylation is one molecular mechanism mediating epigenetic phenomena, and indicates the covalent transfer of a methyl group to the carbo ...
patrick_tb_ch17
... Title: Chapter 17 - Question 01 01) Match the following terms and definitions. Feedback: The purpose of the capsid is to protect the viral nucleic acid when the virion moves between host cells. Page reference: 441 a. The protein coat that contains the nucleic acid of a virus = Capsid b. The form a v ...
... Title: Chapter 17 - Question 01 01) Match the following terms and definitions. Feedback: The purpose of the capsid is to protect the viral nucleic acid when the virion moves between host cells. Page reference: 441 a. The protein coat that contains the nucleic acid of a virus = Capsid b. The form a v ...
Characterization of sparfloxacin-resistant mutants of Staphylococcus aureus Original article
... development of mutations in the quinolone-target molecules [7,8,15– 17,21–24]. The primary quinolonetarget in Gram-positive microorganisms seems to be Topoisomerase IV [15–17]. Although, it has been suggested that the primary sparfloxacin target in Grampositive microorganisms might be the DNA-Gyrase ...
... development of mutations in the quinolone-target molecules [7,8,15– 17,21–24]. The primary quinolonetarget in Gram-positive microorganisms seems to be Topoisomerase IV [15–17]. Although, it has been suggested that the primary sparfloxacin target in Grampositive microorganisms might be the DNA-Gyrase ...
iGenetics: A Molecular Approach, 3e (Russell/Bose)
... 45) For geneticists, why is it important that genetic variability exist in the population under study? Answer: Genetic variation in individuals of a population is important for studying the inheritance pattern of those characteristics. If all the members of a population were identical for the trait ...
... 45) For geneticists, why is it important that genetic variability exist in the population under study? Answer: Genetic variation in individuals of a population is important for studying the inheritance pattern of those characteristics. If all the members of a population were identical for the trait ...
New scientific and technological developments relevant
... Developments in biotechnology have created many new problems and challenges for biological arms control and treaty monitoring, making it harder to monitor compliance with the Convention in the biological sphere. One way this occurs is through the synthesis of new agents of biological warfare. Theore ...
... Developments in biotechnology have created many new problems and challenges for biological arms control and treaty monitoring, making it harder to monitor compliance with the Convention in the biological sphere. One way this occurs is through the synthesis of new agents of biological warfare. Theore ...
Diagnostic Clinical Genome and Exome Sequencing
... equencing of the genome or exome for clinical applications, hereafter referred to as clinical genome and exome sequencing (CGES), has now entered medical practice.1 Several thousand CGES tests have already been ordered for patients, with the goal of establishing diagnoses for rare, clinically unreco ...
... equencing of the genome or exome for clinical applications, hereafter referred to as clinical genome and exome sequencing (CGES), has now entered medical practice.1 Several thousand CGES tests have already been ordered for patients, with the goal of establishing diagnoses for rare, clinically unreco ...
Research Applications Of Proteolytic Enzymes In Molecular Biology
... concentrations) can diffuse from the organic phase into the water until the equilibrium is reached; the enzyme-catalyzed synthesis is followed by the diffusion of the products back into the organic phase. The organic phase reduces the dielectric constant of the medium and thus the acidity of the car ...
... concentrations) can diffuse from the organic phase into the water until the equilibrium is reached; the enzyme-catalyzed synthesis is followed by the diffusion of the products back into the organic phase. The organic phase reduces the dielectric constant of the medium and thus the acidity of the car ...
PDF File
... Metal Ion Rescue and Functional Detection of Ribozyme Ligands of Specific Catalytic Metal Ions. As noted in the introduction, metal ion rescue experiments provide a powerful means to identify functional interactions and have been used extensively for protein and RNA enzymes. This approach has been e ...
... Metal Ion Rescue and Functional Detection of Ribozyme Ligands of Specific Catalytic Metal Ions. As noted in the introduction, metal ion rescue experiments provide a powerful means to identify functional interactions and have been used extensively for protein and RNA enzymes. This approach has been e ...
S Diagnostic Clinical Genome and Exome Sequencing review article
... equencing of the genome or exome for clinical applications, hereafter referred to as clinical genome and exome sequencing (CGES), has now entered medical practice.1 Several thousand CGES tests have already been ordered for patients, with the goal of establishing diagnoses for rare, clinically unreco ...
... equencing of the genome or exome for clinical applications, hereafter referred to as clinical genome and exome sequencing (CGES), has now entered medical practice.1 Several thousand CGES tests have already been ordered for patients, with the goal of establishing diagnoses for rare, clinically unreco ...
Deoxyribozyme
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Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.