科目：生物化學
... 1.The catalytic efficiency of many enzymes depends on pH. Chymotrypsin shows a maximum value of Kcat/KM at pH 8. Detailed analysis shows that Kcat increase rapidly between pH 6 and 7 and remains constant at higher pH. KM increases rapidly between pH 8 and 10. Suggest explanations for these observati ...
... 1.The catalytic efficiency of many enzymes depends on pH. Chymotrypsin shows a maximum value of Kcat/KM at pH 8. Detailed analysis shows that Kcat increase rapidly between pH 6 and 7 and remains constant at higher pH. KM increases rapidly between pH 8 and 10. Suggest explanations for these observati ...
Chapter 7: DNA and Gel Electrophoresis Extended Objective Checklist
... _____ 15. Explain how DNA evidence is collected and packaged. _____ 16. Discuss how DNA is extracted from cells. _____ 17. Explain how trace DNA evidence can be amplified using PCR reactions. DNA Fingerprinting _____ 18. Explain the term gel electrophoresis _____ 19. Discuss how restriction enzymes ...
... _____ 15. Explain how DNA evidence is collected and packaged. _____ 16. Discuss how DNA is extracted from cells. _____ 17. Explain how trace DNA evidence can be amplified using PCR reactions. DNA Fingerprinting _____ 18. Explain the term gel electrophoresis _____ 19. Discuss how restriction enzymes ...
STAAR Review 1
... group, is formed. c. Energy is released, which can be used by the cell. d. Energy is lost in the ...
... group, is formed. c. Energy is released, which can be used by the cell. d. Energy is lost in the ...
Lecture #9 Date
... Plasmids are Used to Replicate a Recombinant DNA *Plasmids are small circles of DNA found in bacteria. *Plasmids replicate independently of the bacterial chromosome. ...
... Plasmids are Used to Replicate a Recombinant DNA *Plasmids are small circles of DNA found in bacteria. *Plasmids replicate independently of the bacterial chromosome. ...
Chapter 11
... 1. Why is the term 'directly' so important to the understanding of the definition of biotechnology? This allows for increased precision and accuracy of results, further ensuring that the information gathered is reliable. 2. Why can DNA in one organism be used to make the same protein in another orga ...
... 1. Why is the term 'directly' so important to the understanding of the definition of biotechnology? This allows for increased precision and accuracy of results, further ensuring that the information gathered is reliable. 2. Why can DNA in one organism be used to make the same protein in another orga ...
Genetics Terminology List - Arabian Horse Association
... RNA (Ribonucleic acid) - a chemical found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells which plays an important role in protein synthesis and other chemical activities of the cell. The structure of RNA is similar to that of DNA, except that the amino acid thymine (T) is replaced with uracil (U). Sex chromo ...
... RNA (Ribonucleic acid) - a chemical found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells which plays an important role in protein synthesis and other chemical activities of the cell. The structure of RNA is similar to that of DNA, except that the amino acid thymine (T) is replaced with uracil (U). Sex chromo ...
1 PRESS RELEASE SCIENTISTS ANNOUNCE AN ARTIFICIAL
... For twenty years now it has been possible to get DNA to evolve in a test tube, Dr. Benner explained. A process known as the "polymerase chain reaction" (of PCR) allows DNA to make copies of itself, and then to have the copies copied, and then to have the copies of the copies copied, and so on. The c ...
... For twenty years now it has been possible to get DNA to evolve in a test tube, Dr. Benner explained. A process known as the "polymerase chain reaction" (of PCR) allows DNA to make copies of itself, and then to have the copies copied, and then to have the copies of the copies copied, and so on. The c ...
Transcription Translation Powerpoint
... 1. SWBAT discuss the different types of mutations and affects it causes on transcription. 2. SWBAT create different types of mutations and translate the sequence. 3. SWBAT brainstorm the evolutionary importance of mutations. ...
... 1. SWBAT discuss the different types of mutations and affects it causes on transcription. 2. SWBAT create different types of mutations and translate the sequence. 3. SWBAT brainstorm the evolutionary importance of mutations. ...
Viruses and Bacteria
... Transduction -In the process known as transduction, phages carry bacterial genes from one host cell to another Conjugation -Conjugation is the direct transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells that are temporarily joined (Pili) ...
... Transduction -In the process known as transduction, phages carry bacterial genes from one host cell to another Conjugation -Conjugation is the direct transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells that are temporarily joined (Pili) ...
Chapter 2 - SCHOOLinSITES
... – Substrate binds to enzyme at active site – Enzymes act on substrates to reduce energy needed to make product – Substrate is changed – Enzyme separates from products and can form an association with another substrate – Enzyme, as a catalyst is not used up in the reaction – Increases reaction rate ...
... – Substrate binds to enzyme at active site – Enzymes act on substrates to reduce energy needed to make product – Substrate is changed – Enzyme separates from products and can form an association with another substrate – Enzyme, as a catalyst is not used up in the reaction – Increases reaction rate ...
GENERAL PATHOLOGY Human Genetics
... The ribosome is the physical structure in the cytoplasm where protein synthesis takes place. Ribosomal RNA forms 60% of the ribosome, with the remainder of the ribosome composed of the structural proteins and enzymes needed for protein synthesis. As with the other types of RNA, rRNA is synthesized i ...
... The ribosome is the physical structure in the cytoplasm where protein synthesis takes place. Ribosomal RNA forms 60% of the ribosome, with the remainder of the ribosome composed of the structural proteins and enzymes needed for protein synthesis. As with the other types of RNA, rRNA is synthesized i ...
RNA and Translation notes
... Other differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription: Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Place cytoplasm nucleus Structure polycistronic or monocistronic monocistronic Translation coupled separate from transcription ...
... Other differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription: Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Place cytoplasm nucleus Structure polycistronic or monocistronic monocistronic Translation coupled separate from transcription ...
Creating a Fingerprint from DNA Evidence
... from a virus perhaps, if the same sequence of bases is present on the foreign DNA as can be recognized by the enzyme, then the foreign DNA will be cut into pieces and rendered harmless. Many restriction enzymes have been discovered. A few are shown in the image on the left. Their name is derived fro ...
... from a virus perhaps, if the same sequence of bases is present on the foreign DNA as can be recognized by the enzyme, then the foreign DNA will be cut into pieces and rendered harmless. Many restriction enzymes have been discovered. A few are shown in the image on the left. Their name is derived fro ...
Viruses - apbio107
... Show how the gene is inserted in the plasmid. Show how the plasmid is incorporated into a bacterial cell. Show how the cell copies the plasmid. Show how the cell expresses the gene of interest. ...
... Show how the gene is inserted in the plasmid. Show how the plasmid is incorporated into a bacterial cell. Show how the cell copies the plasmid. Show how the cell expresses the gene of interest. ...
THE ROLE OF NATURAL SELECTION IN THE ORIGIN OF LIFE
... Possible that a cycle like rTCA cycle formed with prebiotic catalysis? Very likely that minerals were instrumental in prebiotic chemistry BUT: ...
... Possible that a cycle like rTCA cycle formed with prebiotic catalysis? Very likely that minerals were instrumental in prebiotic chemistry BUT: ...
Evolution: Natural Selection and Phenotypes
... If the environment changes, different genetic variations can be selected in each generation. Global warming and earlier flowering time ...
... If the environment changes, different genetic variations can be selected in each generation. Global warming and earlier flowering time ...
Design Genes with Ease Using In-Fusion® Cloning
... A major limitation of standard cloning approaches is the addition of unwanted amino acids that are encoded by the restriction enzyme sites used to join the DNA ends. This is particularly detrimental for fusion proteins and recombinant antibodies, since the undesired amino acids may perturb structure ...
... A major limitation of standard cloning approaches is the addition of unwanted amino acids that are encoded by the restriction enzyme sites used to join the DNA ends. This is particularly detrimental for fusion proteins and recombinant antibodies, since the undesired amino acids may perturb structure ...
Manipulating DNA - tools and techniques 2012
... Enzymes cleave DNA at specific sites These enzymes are significant in two ways 1. Allow a form of physical mapping that was previously impossible 2. Allow the creation of recombinant DNA molecules (from two different sources) ...
... Enzymes cleave DNA at specific sites These enzymes are significant in two ways 1. Allow a form of physical mapping that was previously impossible 2. Allow the creation of recombinant DNA molecules (from two different sources) ...
Topic 12 DNA Technology
... • DNA probes detect specific nucleotide sequences in DNA • DNA probes are ssDNA strands that are complementary to a certain gene ...
... • DNA probes detect specific nucleotide sequences in DNA • DNA probes are ssDNA strands that are complementary to a certain gene ...
DNA replication.
... When DNA is copied, the two strands of the old DNA are pulled apart by enzymes that move along each of the two single strands pairing up new nucleotide units and then zipping the strands closed. This produces two new pieces of DNA, each containing one strand from the old DNA and one newly made stran ...
... When DNA is copied, the two strands of the old DNA are pulled apart by enzymes that move along each of the two single strands pairing up new nucleotide units and then zipping the strands closed. This produces two new pieces of DNA, each containing one strand from the old DNA and one newly made stran ...
Power Point 2 - G. Holmes Braddock
... non-target species, such as butterflies, from plants with biotechnology. ...
... non-target species, such as butterflies, from plants with biotechnology. ...
Presenting: DNA and RNA
... Regents Review Question # 11 (Answer) A chemical known as 5-bromouracil causes a mutation that results in the mismatching of molecular bases in DNA. The offspring of organisms exposed to 5-bromouracil can have mismatched DNA if the mutation occurs in (1) the skin cells of the mother (2) the gametes ...
... Regents Review Question # 11 (Answer) A chemical known as 5-bromouracil causes a mutation that results in the mismatching of molecular bases in DNA. The offspring of organisms exposed to 5-bromouracil can have mismatched DNA if the mutation occurs in (1) the skin cells of the mother (2) the gametes ...
Deoxyribozyme
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Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.