Molecular genetics of bacteria
... Simultaneous transcription and translation allows them to synthesize the proteins they need quickly. Wasteful activities are avoided. If there are sufficient amounts of some metabolite, bacteria will avoid making more AND avoid making the enzymes that make the metabolite. Biosynthesis costs! Biochem ...
... Simultaneous transcription and translation allows them to synthesize the proteins they need quickly. Wasteful activities are avoided. If there are sufficient amounts of some metabolite, bacteria will avoid making more AND avoid making the enzymes that make the metabolite. Biosynthesis costs! Biochem ...
Chemistry of Life
... • Mechanism of enzyme action: – Enzyme binds substrate at its active site on the enzyme. – Enzyme-substrate complex undergoes an internal rearrangement that forms a product. – Product released and now catalyzes another reaction ...
... • Mechanism of enzyme action: – Enzyme binds substrate at its active site on the enzyme. – Enzyme-substrate complex undergoes an internal rearrangement that forms a product. – Product released and now catalyzes another reaction ...
blank worksheet
... All other product names and trademarks are the property of their respective owners. NOTICE: This product may be subject to certain use restrictions. Before using this product, please refer to the Online Technical Support page (http://technical-support.roche.com) and search under the product number o ...
... All other product names and trademarks are the property of their respective owners. NOTICE: This product may be subject to certain use restrictions. Before using this product, please refer to the Online Technical Support page (http://technical-support.roche.com) and search under the product number o ...
Recombinant human RNA polymerase II CTD repeat
... EDTA, pH 8.0 This product is an active protein and may elicit a biological response in vivo, handle with caution. ...
... EDTA, pH 8.0 This product is an active protein and may elicit a biological response in vivo, handle with caution. ...
Slides - gserianne.com
... (DNA). How does this eventually get ‘converted’ to protein? • Where in the cell does protein synthesis take place? • What are the major steps and molecules involved in the production of a protein? ...
... (DNA). How does this eventually get ‘converted’ to protein? • Where in the cell does protein synthesis take place? • What are the major steps and molecules involved in the production of a protein? ...
More Basic Biotechnology Tools Many uses of restriction enzymes
... Many uses of restriction enzymes… ▪ Now that we can cut DNA with restriction enzymes… ...
... Many uses of restriction enzymes… ▪ Now that we can cut DNA with restriction enzymes… ...
The Operon - dl.edi
... Absence of the lac repressor is essential but not sufficient for effective transcription of the lac operon. The activity of RNA polymerase also depends on the presence of another DNAbinding protein called catabolite activator protein or CAP. Like the lac repressor, CAP has two types of binding sites ...
... Absence of the lac repressor is essential but not sufficient for effective transcription of the lac operon. The activity of RNA polymerase also depends on the presence of another DNAbinding protein called catabolite activator protein or CAP. Like the lac repressor, CAP has two types of binding sites ...
SACE 2 Biology Key Ideas Textbook 3rd Edition sample pages
... mutant forms of mould that were unable to synthesize particular molecules in metabolic pathways suffered from mutations on their DNA that interfered with their ability to make a necessary protein enzyme. It was soon discovered ,that there were other proteins e.g. keratin (a structural protein) and i ...
... mutant forms of mould that were unable to synthesize particular molecules in metabolic pathways suffered from mutations on their DNA that interfered with their ability to make a necessary protein enzyme. It was soon discovered ,that there were other proteins e.g. keratin (a structural protein) and i ...
Review Quizzes
... c. mutations serve as a source for genetic variation d. mutations affect only certain loci in a population e. mutation rates are very high in most populations ...
... c. mutations serve as a source for genetic variation d. mutations affect only certain loci in a population e. mutation rates are very high in most populations ...
CAPT TEST in GENETICS, EVOLUTION and BIODIVERSITY
... A. warm blooded B. have hair C. feed their young milk D. are cold blooded ______ 19. Choose the best answer to the following statement: Biodiversity is due to: A. organisms adapting to different environments over time B. organisms changing their traits during the year C. organisms mating with organi ...
... A. warm blooded B. have hair C. feed their young milk D. are cold blooded ______ 19. Choose the best answer to the following statement: Biodiversity is due to: A. organisms adapting to different environments over time B. organisms changing their traits during the year C. organisms mating with organi ...
DNA Identity
... DNA can be removed from cells and collected using a process called DNA extraction. The process must first remove DNA from inside cell and nuclear membranes. Once these membranes are destroyed, however, DNA tends to bind to proteins that are also freed and floating in the mixture. A solution of deter ...
... DNA can be removed from cells and collected using a process called DNA extraction. The process must first remove DNA from inside cell and nuclear membranes. Once these membranes are destroyed, however, DNA tends to bind to proteins that are also freed and floating in the mixture. A solution of deter ...
1 How DNA Makes Stuff
... Hormones and Promoters Many hormones do their hormonal thing by acting on DNA promoters, as part of the mix of transcription factors, attaching to a cell's DNA to command it to make some substance, or suppress some other substance (often both). Growth hormones, for example, act by promoting the crea ...
... Hormones and Promoters Many hormones do their hormonal thing by acting on DNA promoters, as part of the mix of transcription factors, attaching to a cell's DNA to command it to make some substance, or suppress some other substance (often both). Growth hormones, for example, act by promoting the crea ...
Chapter 5 – Macromolecules
... •Monomers are connected by covalent bonds via a condensation reaction or dehydration reaction. •One monomer provides a OH group and the other provides a H and together these form water. •This process requires energy and is aided by enzymes. •The covalent bonds connecting monomers in a polymer are di ...
... •Monomers are connected by covalent bonds via a condensation reaction or dehydration reaction. •One monomer provides a OH group and the other provides a H and together these form water. •This process requires energy and is aided by enzymes. •The covalent bonds connecting monomers in a polymer are di ...
Comparative study for establishing the efficiency of some methods
... and two new strains, coded 4Alga and P2C4, isolated from polar vegetation samples from Progress Lake 2, East Antarctica. The cells biomass was obtained by cultivation on Gauseagar medium, containing (%): 2.0 potato starch, 0.05 K2HPO4, 0.05 MgSO4·7H2O, 0.1 KNO3, 0.05 NaCl, 0.001 FeSO4·7H2O, 2.5 agar ...
... and two new strains, coded 4Alga and P2C4, isolated from polar vegetation samples from Progress Lake 2, East Antarctica. The cells biomass was obtained by cultivation on Gauseagar medium, containing (%): 2.0 potato starch, 0.05 K2HPO4, 0.05 MgSO4·7H2O, 0.1 KNO3, 0.05 NaCl, 0.001 FeSO4·7H2O, 2.5 agar ...
Evidence for Evolution
... evidence for evolution. These include the age of the rocks where a fossil is found, the rate of decay of isotopes including carbon-14, the relationships within phylogenetic trees, and the mathematical alculations that take into account information from chemical properties and/or geographical data. X ...
... evidence for evolution. These include the age of the rocks where a fossil is found, the rate of decay of isotopes including carbon-14, the relationships within phylogenetic trees, and the mathematical alculations that take into account information from chemical properties and/or geographical data. X ...
Advancements in the Workup of Colorectal Cancer
... • During replication of each cell’s 3 billion DNA bases, mistakes are introduced • The mismatch repair system (MMR) corrects errors during replication – Functional protein complex composed of four subunits – MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 & PMS2 ...
... • During replication of each cell’s 3 billion DNA bases, mistakes are introduced • The mismatch repair system (MMR) corrects errors during replication – Functional protein complex composed of four subunits – MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 & PMS2 ...
Biotechnology 2
... Many uses of restriction enzymes… Now that we can cut DNA with restriction enzymes… we can cut up DNA from different people… or different organisms… and compare it why? ...
... Many uses of restriction enzymes… Now that we can cut DNA with restriction enzymes… we can cut up DNA from different people… or different organisms… and compare it why? ...
Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases and their Promoters
... – Spacing between these elements is important ...
... – Spacing between these elements is important ...
Biotech 2 - Explore Biology
... Many uses of restriction enzymes… Now that we can cut DNA with restriction enzymes… we can cut up DNA from different people… or different organisms… and compare it why? ...
... Many uses of restriction enzymes… Now that we can cut DNA with restriction enzymes… we can cut up DNA from different people… or different organisms… and compare it why? ...
Evolution of DNA by celluLar automata HC Lee Department of
... • Uptake of alien DNA not detrimental • Alien DNA is random • Initial conspecific DNA is random as well • Agents must learn to distinguish between conspecific and alien DNA ...
... • Uptake of alien DNA not detrimental • Alien DNA is random • Initial conspecific DNA is random as well • Agents must learn to distinguish between conspecific and alien DNA ...
Transcription
... Terminator sequences are used to end transcription. In prokaryotes there are two types: a. Rho-independent (r-independent) or type I terminators have two-fold symmetry that would allow a hairpin loop to form (Figure 5.5). The palindrome is followed by 4–8 U residues in the transcript, and when these ...
... Terminator sequences are used to end transcription. In prokaryotes there are two types: a. Rho-independent (r-independent) or type I terminators have two-fold symmetry that would allow a hairpin loop to form (Figure 5.5). The palindrome is followed by 4–8 U residues in the transcript, and when these ...
Evolution of genomes
... Types of mutations For the development of good models of molecular evolution it is useful to distinguish between different types of mutations. I will make here the major distinction between mutations on a local scale and mutations on a global scale, the former being ones that can be described by lo ...
... Types of mutations For the development of good models of molecular evolution it is useful to distinguish between different types of mutations. I will make here the major distinction between mutations on a local scale and mutations on a global scale, the former being ones that can be described by lo ...
Deoxyribozyme
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Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.