transposon
... x M female crosses, but not by M male x P female crosses. A P strain carries 30-50 copies of the P element, about a third of them full length. The elements are absent from M strains. In a P strain, the elements are carried as inert components of the genome. But they become activated to transpose w ...
... x M female crosses, but not by M male x P female crosses. A P strain carries 30-50 copies of the P element, about a third of them full length. The elements are absent from M strains. In a P strain, the elements are carried as inert components of the genome. But they become activated to transpose w ...
Organization in the mechanisms of Protein synthesis and Natural
... relatively straightforward. This is in stark contrast to natural selection experiments, where replicate selection lines – further lines with the same intensity of selection – are standard. Some unexpected result or other is common, and experiments must be repeated many times to get solid results. 9 ...
... relatively straightforward. This is in stark contrast to natural selection experiments, where replicate selection lines – further lines with the same intensity of selection – are standard. Some unexpected result or other is common, and experiments must be repeated many times to get solid results. 9 ...
A fost luat în studiu caracterul multifoliolar deoarece acest caracter
... trait was not observed in any of the descendants. Further on it was emphasized for 14% of the descendants: the number of leaflets per each leave varied between 4 and 6. From the F2 individuals, which were divided into two categories depending on the presence or absence of multileaflet trait, the B1 ...
... trait was not observed in any of the descendants. Further on it was emphasized for 14% of the descendants: the number of leaflets per each leave varied between 4 and 6. From the F2 individuals, which were divided into two categories depending on the presence or absence of multileaflet trait, the B1 ...
Gene Finding by Computational Analysis
... • RNA is single stranded • Nucleotides of RNA are similar to that of DNA, except that have an extra OH at position 2’ – Due to this extra OH, it can form more hydrogen bonds than DNA – So RNA can form complex 3D structure ...
... • RNA is single stranded • Nucleotides of RNA are similar to that of DNA, except that have an extra OH at position 2’ – Due to this extra OH, it can form more hydrogen bonds than DNA – So RNA can form complex 3D structure ...
fulltext
... Tardigrades are known for being resistant to extreme conditions, including tolerance to ionising and UV radiation in both the hydrated and the dehydrated state. It is known that these factors may cause damage to DNA. It has recently been shown that single and double DNA strand breaks occur when tard ...
... Tardigrades are known for being resistant to extreme conditions, including tolerance to ionising and UV radiation in both the hydrated and the dehydrated state. It is known that these factors may cause damage to DNA. It has recently been shown that single and double DNA strand breaks occur when tard ...
Molecular Mechanisms of Plant and Microbe Coexistence
... reporter bacteria responding specifically to individual amino acids. The induction of a lysine-responsive P. putida reporter was demonstrated in rhizosphere of corn, but not in the bulk soil (Espinosa-Urgel and Ramos 2001) and a tryptophan-reporter strain showed significant induction in older root s ...
... reporter bacteria responding specifically to individual amino acids. The induction of a lysine-responsive P. putida reporter was demonstrated in rhizosphere of corn, but not in the bulk soil (Espinosa-Urgel and Ramos 2001) and a tryptophan-reporter strain showed significant induction in older root s ...
Living Things
... Mutations Mutations can cause a cell to produce an incorrect protein during protein synthesis. As a result, the organism’s trait, or phenotype, may be different from what it normally would have been. ...
... Mutations Mutations can cause a cell to produce an incorrect protein during protein synthesis. As a result, the organism’s trait, or phenotype, may be different from what it normally would have been. ...
INTERdisciplina Vol. 3 No. 5, enero-abril 2015
... the healing-remodeling is based on mechanisms that, on average, enable the animal to cope with breaking-bone traumas (even if a particular instance of remodeling is awkward). Similarly, when an individual meerkat learns to handle a scorpion, the skill can be said to be developmentally acquired (thro ...
... the healing-remodeling is based on mechanisms that, on average, enable the animal to cope with breaking-bone traumas (even if a particular instance of remodeling is awkward). Similarly, when an individual meerkat learns to handle a scorpion, the skill can be said to be developmentally acquired (thro ...
Allosteric enzymes
... Of note, many key digestive enzymes, such as α-amylase and lipase, are present in the pancreas in their active forms. Presumably, these enzymes would not cause pancreatic cellular damage if released into the pancreatic cell/tissue because there is no starch, glycogen or triglyceride substrate for t ...
... Of note, many key digestive enzymes, such as α-amylase and lipase, are present in the pancreas in their active forms. Presumably, these enzymes would not cause pancreatic cellular damage if released into the pancreatic cell/tissue because there is no starch, glycogen or triglyceride substrate for t ...
The plant genome`s methylation status and response to stress
... radial flowers whereas wildtype plants have bilaterally symmetrical flowers. A methylated allele of the TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA and PCF (TCP) transcription factor gene co-segregates with the radial phenotype, and the mutant and wildtype have only a single sequence polymorphism within about 1 k ...
... radial flowers whereas wildtype plants have bilaterally symmetrical flowers. A methylated allele of the TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA and PCF (TCP) transcription factor gene co-segregates with the radial phenotype, and the mutant and wildtype have only a single sequence polymorphism within about 1 k ...
The Plastidic Phosphoglucomutase from
... phenotype with only 1% of the seed dry weight as starch, compared with 60% in the wild type (Harrison et al., 1998). The reduction on starch synthesis in rug3 is also accompanied by a significant increase in seed lipid content, and a decreased legumin to vicilian ratio (Casey et al., 1998). Both the ...
... phenotype with only 1% of the seed dry weight as starch, compared with 60% in the wild type (Harrison et al., 1998). The reduction on starch synthesis in rug3 is also accompanied by a significant increase in seed lipid content, and a decreased legumin to vicilian ratio (Casey et al., 1998). Both the ...
Analysis of Cross Sequence Similarities for Multiple - PolyU
... sample sequence while the subsequence ‘ACGCAT’ listed between 7 and 12 is the 7th to 12th bases of the sample sequence. The vertical line located between two bases indicates that the upper base is identical to the lower base. By comparing the first subsequence (1st to 6th bases) and the second subse ...
... sample sequence while the subsequence ‘ACGCAT’ listed between 7 and 12 is the 7th to 12th bases of the sample sequence. The vertical line located between two bases indicates that the upper base is identical to the lower base. By comparing the first subsequence (1st to 6th bases) and the second subse ...
The sequence of human serum albumin cDNA and its expression in
... contained the extreme 51 coding portion of the mature protein message but f a i l e d to extend back to a Pstl s i t e necessary for joining with B-44 to reform the complete albumin gene. Recombinant F-61 possessed this Pstl site but lacked the entire 5' end. A three part reconstruction of the entir ...
... contained the extreme 51 coding portion of the mature protein message but f a i l e d to extend back to a Pstl s i t e necessary for joining with B-44 to reform the complete albumin gene. Recombinant F-61 possessed this Pstl site but lacked the entire 5' end. A three part reconstruction of the entir ...
CH Zinc Fingers As DNA Binding Domains
... (Fig. 3). The duplication would in turn stimulate the gene duplication further by using the linkers again or the zinc finger itself The multiple zinc fingers can gain a better affinity for a DNA sequence and give the zinc finger protein molecules a selective advantage over the original finger protei ...
... (Fig. 3). The duplication would in turn stimulate the gene duplication further by using the linkers again or the zinc finger itself The multiple zinc fingers can gain a better affinity for a DNA sequence and give the zinc finger protein molecules a selective advantage over the original finger protei ...
mutations
... Insertions and Deletions Insertions and deletions are point mutations in which one base is inserted or removed from the DNA sequence. These are called frameshift mutations because they shift the “reading frame” of the genetic message and can the protein so much that it won’t be functional. ...
... Insertions and Deletions Insertions and deletions are point mutations in which one base is inserted or removed from the DNA sequence. These are called frameshift mutations because they shift the “reading frame” of the genetic message and can the protein so much that it won’t be functional. ...
genetic code constrains yet facilitates Darwinian evolution | Nucleic
... To what extent did the architecture of the genetic code direct this outcome? There are 204 1 = 159 999 possible amino acid combinations at these four positions in TEM-1 (including combinations with up to three wild-type amino acids). However, only 2743 (i.e. 7 8 7 7 1) or 1.7% of these are ...
... To what extent did the architecture of the genetic code direct this outcome? There are 204 1 = 159 999 possible amino acid combinations at these four positions in TEM-1 (including combinations with up to three wild-type amino acids). However, only 2743 (i.e. 7 8 7 7 1) or 1.7% of these are ...
Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes
... • A catalyst speeds up chemical reactions. Enzymes speed up biological chemical reactions. • Enzymes are highly specific to a type of reaction. • Enzymes must maintain their specific shape in order to function. Any alteration in the primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary forms of the enzyme are ...
... • A catalyst speeds up chemical reactions. Enzymes speed up biological chemical reactions. • Enzymes are highly specific to a type of reaction. • Enzymes must maintain their specific shape in order to function. Any alteration in the primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary forms of the enzyme are ...
Mechanism of Oxidation of Methionine by Bromate based on Semi
... is the rate limiting step (Anthony and Bell,2007) as shown in table 3.Bromous acid is formed in step3 from the reaction of bromite with hydrogen ion. The ∆E and ∆Go are 47.35 and 78.3kJ/mol respectively. Thus the first three steps are endothermic while the last four steps are exothermic Table 2.Step ...
... is the rate limiting step (Anthony and Bell,2007) as shown in table 3.Bromous acid is formed in step3 from the reaction of bromite with hydrogen ion. The ∆E and ∆Go are 47.35 and 78.3kJ/mol respectively. Thus the first three steps are endothermic while the last four steps are exothermic Table 2.Step ...
Genome organization of Magnaporthe grisea
... fungus Magnaporthe grisea (Guy11]2539) was constructed by adding 87 cosmid-derived RFLP markers to previously generated maps. The new map consists of 203 markers representing 132 independently segregating loci and spans approximately 900 cM with an average resolution of 4.5 cM. Mapping of 33 cosmid ...
... fungus Magnaporthe grisea (Guy11]2539) was constructed by adding 87 cosmid-derived RFLP markers to previously generated maps. The new map consists of 203 markers representing 132 independently segregating loci and spans approximately 900 cM with an average resolution of 4.5 cM. Mapping of 33 cosmid ...
application of nanotechnology in diagnosis, drug discovery and drug
... Semi-synthetic conjugates of nucleic acids and proteins can be generated by either covalent coupling chemistry, or else by noncovalent biomolecular recognition systems, such as receptor-ligands of complementary nucleic acids. These nucleic acid-protein conjugates are versatile molecular tools which ...
... Semi-synthetic conjugates of nucleic acids and proteins can be generated by either covalent coupling chemistry, or else by noncovalent biomolecular recognition systems, such as receptor-ligands of complementary nucleic acids. These nucleic acid-protein conjugates are versatile molecular tools which ...
Deoxyribozyme
_DNAzyme.png?width=300)
Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.