Mechanism of action of exo-acting α-1,4-glucan lyase
... an anionic mechanism (E1cB) with the aid of an electron withdrawing functionality in the substrate. There have been only very few examples of mechanisms of enzymatic elimination reactions different from the E1cB type (Smar et al., 1991; Morgan et al., 1997). In the case of GLase, however, it is obvio ...
... an anionic mechanism (E1cB) with the aid of an electron withdrawing functionality in the substrate. There have been only very few examples of mechanisms of enzymatic elimination reactions different from the E1cB type (Smar et al., 1991; Morgan et al., 1997). In the case of GLase, however, it is obvio ...
Energy and cellular metabolism
... Transport work enables cells to move ions, molecules, and larger particles through the cell membrane and through the membranes of organelles in the cell. Transport work is particularly useful for creating concentration gradients, distributions of molecules in which the concentration is higher on one ...
... Transport work enables cells to move ions, molecules, and larger particles through the cell membrane and through the membranes of organelles in the cell. Transport work is particularly useful for creating concentration gradients, distributions of molecules in which the concentration is higher on one ...
A P element-homologous sequence in the house fly, Musca domestica
... within exon 2. The similarities between the house fly and blow fly sequences most likely reflect their relatively close phylogenetic relationship rather than independent evolution of these features. A depiction of the phylogeny of the main P elementbearing taxa is presented in Fig. 7. This provides ...
... within exon 2. The similarities between the house fly and blow fly sequences most likely reflect their relatively close phylogenetic relationship rather than independent evolution of these features. A depiction of the phylogeny of the main P elementbearing taxa is presented in Fig. 7. This provides ...
FEATURE ARTICLE - McMaster Physics and Astronomy
... Indeed, techniques developed in the study of localization in spin glasses allowed a calculation of the generic properties of this transition as discussed in section 5. The transition persists even when neutral mutants, with nearly equal rate coefficients, occur (cf. the neutral theory3). A formal an ...
... Indeed, techniques developed in the study of localization in spin glasses allowed a calculation of the generic properties of this transition as discussed in section 5. The transition persists even when neutral mutants, with nearly equal rate coefficients, occur (cf. the neutral theory3). A formal an ...
Gluconacetobacter entanii sp. nov., isolated from submerged high
... vinegar fermentations in the Southern part of Germany. Four strains (LTH 4560T, LTH 4341, LTH 4551 and LTH 4637) were characterized in more detail and it was revealed that they have in common certain properties such as requirement of acetic acid, ethanol and glucose for growth, and no overoxidation ...
... vinegar fermentations in the Southern part of Germany. Four strains (LTH 4560T, LTH 4341, LTH 4551 and LTH 4637) were characterized in more detail and it was revealed that they have in common certain properties such as requirement of acetic acid, ethanol and glucose for growth, and no overoxidation ...
ppt - Chair of Computational Biology
... Mature miRNA molecules are partially complementary to one or more mRNA molecules. solution NMR-structure of let-7 miRNA:lin-41 mRNA complex from C. elegans Cevec et al. Nucl. Acids Res. (2008) 36: 2330. The main function of miRNAs is to down-regulate gene expression of their target mRNAs. miRNAs typ ...
... Mature miRNA molecules are partially complementary to one or more mRNA molecules. solution NMR-structure of let-7 miRNA:lin-41 mRNA complex from C. elegans Cevec et al. Nucl. Acids Res. (2008) 36: 2330. The main function of miRNAs is to down-regulate gene expression of their target mRNAs. miRNAs typ ...
Review Article Viral Bacterial Artificial - diss.fu
... the most common methods for the insertion of the mini-F vector into the genomes of DNA viruses utilizes the recombination machinery of mammalian cells. For this approach, a transfer vector is generated that harbors the mini-F cassette flanked by sequences identical to the insertion site in the virus ...
... the most common methods for the insertion of the mini-F vector into the genomes of DNA viruses utilizes the recombination machinery of mammalian cells. For this approach, a transfer vector is generated that harbors the mini-F cassette flanked by sequences identical to the insertion site in the virus ...
Nucleotides: Synthesis and Degredation
... the tubular reabsorption of uric acid Inhibit the tubular excretion of certain organic acid via the transporter Also used to enhance plasma concentration of certain ...
... the tubular reabsorption of uric acid Inhibit the tubular excretion of certain organic acid via the transporter Also used to enhance plasma concentration of certain ...
adapt1
... 1. Meiotic Drive: In some organisms, the heterozygote produces a preponderance of one gamete type - this is called "segregation distortion". This gene is at a selective advantage over other genes at this locus. Of course, as it increases in frequency and more organisms are homozygous for it, the dif ...
... 1. Meiotic Drive: In some organisms, the heterozygote produces a preponderance of one gamete type - this is called "segregation distortion". This gene is at a selective advantage over other genes at this locus. Of course, as it increases in frequency and more organisms are homozygous for it, the dif ...
PINK1 positively regulates HDAC3 to suppress p53
... suppressing p53-dependent apoptosis has been recently emphasized; however, the molecular basis of modulation of p53 function by HDAC3 remains unclear. Here, we show that cytoplasmic PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) directly binds to and phosphorylates HDAC3 at Ser-424 to enhance its histone de ...
... suppressing p53-dependent apoptosis has been recently emphasized; however, the molecular basis of modulation of p53 function by HDAC3 remains unclear. Here, we show that cytoplasmic PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) directly binds to and phosphorylates HDAC3 at Ser-424 to enhance its histone de ...
Using comparative genomic hybridization to
... Background: Genome-wide analysis of sequence divergence among species offers profound insights into the evolutionary processes that shape lineages. When full-genome sequencing is not feasible for a broad comparative study, we propose the use of array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) in ...
... Background: Genome-wide analysis of sequence divergence among species offers profound insights into the evolutionary processes that shape lineages. When full-genome sequencing is not feasible for a broad comparative study, we propose the use of array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) in ...
Browning reaction
... sugar are the basis of the Maillard reaction, which takes place in thermally processed food (Carabasa-Giribet and Ibarz-Ribas, 2000). The formation of a complex series of compounds called, Maillard reaction products (MRPs), is associated with the development of brown pigments (Mastrocola and Munari, ...
... sugar are the basis of the Maillard reaction, which takes place in thermally processed food (Carabasa-Giribet and Ibarz-Ribas, 2000). The formation of a complex series of compounds called, Maillard reaction products (MRPs), is associated with the development of brown pigments (Mastrocola and Munari, ...
Molecular Diagnostics in Clinical Microbiology
... molecular diagnostic methods target resistance genes and have proven to be excellent and robust tools to either confirm the clinically relevant MRSA phenotype and detect MRSA colonisation and/or infection direct from clinical specimens within a single work day. Conventional S. aureus detection and i ...
... molecular diagnostic methods target resistance genes and have proven to be excellent and robust tools to either confirm the clinically relevant MRSA phenotype and detect MRSA colonisation and/or infection direct from clinical specimens within a single work day. Conventional S. aureus detection and i ...
... pTHC2c codes for a 29-kilodalton protein, while the liver mRNA selected by pTHC5c codes for a 14kilodalton protein. The same results were obtained when polyA' mRNA isolated from hepatocellular carcinoma was used. However, further analysis of these liver and hepatocellular carcinoma THC2cdirected tra ...
Manipulating Yeast Genome Using Plasmid Vectors. In: Gene Expression Technology.
... Yeast vectors are of four general types. These differ in the manner in which they are maintained in yeast cells. YIp (yeast integrating plasmid) vectors lack a yeast replication origin, so must be propagated as integrated elements in a yeast chromosome, usually in a single copy per genome. YRp (yeas ...
... Yeast vectors are of four general types. These differ in the manner in which they are maintained in yeast cells. YIp (yeast integrating plasmid) vectors lack a yeast replication origin, so must be propagated as integrated elements in a yeast chromosome, usually in a single copy per genome. YRp (yeas ...
Nucleotide Metabolism
... Nucleotide Metabolism Proceeds Through de novo and Salvage Pathways Purine Nucleotides are Built de novo Starting with Ribose-5-phosphate PRPP is Made From it and Then it is Aminated Simple Compounds, Such as Amino Acids and 1-Carbon Donors Make the Bases IMP is a Branch Point for Synthesis of GMP a ...
... Nucleotide Metabolism Proceeds Through de novo and Salvage Pathways Purine Nucleotides are Built de novo Starting with Ribose-5-phosphate PRPP is Made From it and Then it is Aminated Simple Compounds, Such as Amino Acids and 1-Carbon Donors Make the Bases IMP is a Branch Point for Synthesis of GMP a ...
Molecular Identification of Nematodes Manual
... to their specific “binding sites.” We use this particular form of PCR where two primers are used in the reaction. They were specifically designed from a DNA template sequence (previously obtained from the literature or personal DNA sequencing) to be complimentary to that specific sequence, they are ...
... to their specific “binding sites.” We use this particular form of PCR where two primers are used in the reaction. They were specifically designed from a DNA template sequence (previously obtained from the literature or personal DNA sequencing) to be complimentary to that specific sequence, they are ...
Parallel Genetic and Phenotypic Evolution of DNA Superhelicity in
... Losos et al. 1998; Huey et al. 2000). Parallel changes sometimes extend even to the genome, as has been described for some viral and bacterial pathogens (Crandall et al. 1999; Reid et al. 2000). The parallel evolution of DNA superhelicity in the long-term experiment with E. coli provides therefore h ...
... Losos et al. 1998; Huey et al. 2000). Parallel changes sometimes extend even to the genome, as has been described for some viral and bacterial pathogens (Crandall et al. 1999; Reid et al. 2000). The parallel evolution of DNA superhelicity in the long-term experiment with E. coli provides therefore h ...
Evolutionary Origin of Recombination during Meiosis
... bacterial cell, whereby nonsister homologous chromosomes (or parts of chromosomes) originating from different parent cells align and undergo genetic recombination. The recombined DNA is passed on to a progeny bacterium. The core genes for meiosis were very likely present in the common ancestor of al ...
... bacterial cell, whereby nonsister homologous chromosomes (or parts of chromosomes) originating from different parent cells align and undergo genetic recombination. The recombined DNA is passed on to a progeny bacterium. The core genes for meiosis were very likely present in the common ancestor of al ...
Solid Tumour Section Mesothelioma: t(14;22)(q32;q12) in mesothelioma Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... number NM_013986 version 3; former exon 7 in sequence with accession number X66899) is fused to exon 2 of YY1 (nucleotide 1160 accession number NM_003403 version 3). The putative EWSR1-YY1 protein would contain the transactivation domain of EWSR1 and the DNA binding domain of YY1 and thus may act as ...
... number NM_013986 version 3; former exon 7 in sequence with accession number X66899) is fused to exon 2 of YY1 (nucleotide 1160 accession number NM_003403 version 3). The putative EWSR1-YY1 protein would contain the transactivation domain of EWSR1 and the DNA binding domain of YY1 and thus may act as ...
Introduction to cDNA Microarray Technology complementary DNA
... • cDNA sequences can be copied rapidly using PCR (polymerase chain reaction). ...
... • cDNA sequences can be copied rapidly using PCR (polymerase chain reaction). ...
Review Molecular Biology in Arteriosclerosis Research
... he purpose of this article is to explore how molecT ular biology can have an impact on research in the broad field of arteriosclerosis. The past few years ...
... he purpose of this article is to explore how molecT ular biology can have an impact on research in the broad field of arteriosclerosis. The past few years ...
Complementary DNA Cloning, Messenger RNA
... has been tentatively identified, although relatively little is known about this protein's structure and function (5, 6). Each class consists of several closely related gene products which are capable of forming dimeric proteins with other gene products of the same class, but not with protein subunit ...
... has been tentatively identified, although relatively little is known about this protein's structure and function (5, 6). Each class consists of several closely related gene products which are capable of forming dimeric proteins with other gene products of the same class, but not with protein subunit ...
Deoxyribozyme
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Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.