T - Crime Scene
... •Adenine and guanine are known as the purine nitrogenous bases, while cytosine and thymine are called the pyrimidine bases; adenine binds only to thymine and cytosine binds only to guanine. •In a DNA molecule (on just one chromosome), the structure looks like a twisted ladder, with the rungs represe ...
... •Adenine and guanine are known as the purine nitrogenous bases, while cytosine and thymine are called the pyrimidine bases; adenine binds only to thymine and cytosine binds only to guanine. •In a DNA molecule (on just one chromosome), the structure looks like a twisted ladder, with the rungs represe ...
Phosphate group
... •Notice all the single bonds between carbons. •Notice 2 hydrogen's attached to all the carbons, except for the ends. ...
... •Notice all the single bonds between carbons. •Notice 2 hydrogen's attached to all the carbons, except for the ends. ...
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... though they are structurally and metabolically different from animal and plant cells. (T) 21. Individuals carrying the albino gene(s) have an increased skin cancer risk and poor eyesight. (T) 22. Charles Darwin accurately described the laws of inheritance in his landmark book On the Origin of Specie ...
... though they are structurally and metabolically different from animal and plant cells. (T) 21. Individuals carrying the albino gene(s) have an increased skin cancer risk and poor eyesight. (T) 22. Charles Darwin accurately described the laws of inheritance in his landmark book On the Origin of Specie ...
The Human Genome Project
... region of the genome, produce a virtually unlimited number of copies of it, and determine its nucleotide sequence overnight. • At the height of the Human Genome Project, sequencing factories were generating DNA sequences at a rate of 1000 nucleotides per second 24/7. • Technical breakthroughs that a ...
... region of the genome, produce a virtually unlimited number of copies of it, and determine its nucleotide sequence overnight. • At the height of the Human Genome Project, sequencing factories were generating DNA sequences at a rate of 1000 nucleotides per second 24/7. • Technical breakthroughs that a ...
Week 1 Pre-Lecture Slides
... If you could change the amino-acids in this enzyme, how would you change them to make the enzyme functional at higher temperatures? ...
... If you could change the amino-acids in this enzyme, how would you change them to make the enzyme functional at higher temperatures? ...
16. Biotechnology
... possible for two reasons. First, DNA is similar in all organisms. Second, the same restriction enzyme is used on both samples of DNA ...
... possible for two reasons. First, DNA is similar in all organisms. Second, the same restriction enzyme is used on both samples of DNA ...
From http://www
... From http://www.dnai.org/a/index (putting it together) When the RNA copy is complete, it snakes out into the outer part of the cell. Then in a dazzling display of choreography, all the components of a molecular machine lock together around the RNA to form a miniature factory called a ribosome. It tr ...
... From http://www.dnai.org/a/index (putting it together) When the RNA copy is complete, it snakes out into the outer part of the cell. Then in a dazzling display of choreography, all the components of a molecular machine lock together around the RNA to form a miniature factory called a ribosome. It tr ...
1 DNA PHENOTYPING: PREDICTING ANCESTRY AND PHYSICAL
... between populations that can be detected using high-dimensional SNP data. Snapshot uses two distinct approaches for ancestry inference, principal component analysis and statistical clustering, both of which are performed at global and regional scales. Both require a database of reference DNA samples ...
... between populations that can be detected using high-dimensional SNP data. Snapshot uses two distinct approaches for ancestry inference, principal component analysis and statistical clustering, both of which are performed at global and regional scales. Both require a database of reference DNA samples ...
Gene expression and regulation
... Termination. In prokaryotes there are two ways in which transcription is terminated. In ?-dependent termination, a protein ? is responsible for disrupting the complex involving the template strand, RNA polymerase and RNA molecule. In ?independent termination, a loop forms at the end of the RNA molec ...
... Termination. In prokaryotes there are two ways in which transcription is terminated. In ?-dependent termination, a protein ? is responsible for disrupting the complex involving the template strand, RNA polymerase and RNA molecule. In ?independent termination, a loop forms at the end of the RNA molec ...
Genes and Genetic Disease
... insert the wrong amino acid(s) into the polypeptide chain(s) → abnormal proteins (MUTATION) ...
... insert the wrong amino acid(s) into the polypeptide chain(s) → abnormal proteins (MUTATION) ...
251 Lab 2 Chrisine
... For this first lab using the bioinformatics tools that are found on the web we will follow the last part of Chapter 5 of Bioinformatics for Dummies, henceforth abbreviated as BFD. The first part of the chapter deals with “cleaning up” a sequence of DNA that a microbiologist may have collected in the ...
... For this first lab using the bioinformatics tools that are found on the web we will follow the last part of Chapter 5 of Bioinformatics for Dummies, henceforth abbreviated as BFD. The first part of the chapter deals with “cleaning up” a sequence of DNA that a microbiologist may have collected in the ...
Cloning a Paper Plasmid
... These are needed to transcribe the gene properly when it is read. In addition, the HindIII & EcoR1 restriction enzyme cutting sites (sequences of bases) are marked in bold on the Jellyfish Glo gene DNA. The two restriction enzymes and their respective restriction sites are listed below. These enzyme ...
... These are needed to transcribe the gene properly when it is read. In addition, the HindIII & EcoR1 restriction enzyme cutting sites (sequences of bases) are marked in bold on the Jellyfish Glo gene DNA. The two restriction enzymes and their respective restriction sites are listed below. These enzyme ...
Name __________________________________ Period _________ Ms Foglia • AP Biology Date ______________________
... These are needed to transcribe the gene properly when it is read. In addition, the HindIII & EcoR1 restriction enzyme cutting sites (sequences of bases) are marked in bold on the Jellyfish Glo gene DNA. The two restriction enzymes and their respective restriction sites are listed below. These enzyme ...
... These are needed to transcribe the gene properly when it is read. In addition, the HindIII & EcoR1 restriction enzyme cutting sites (sequences of bases) are marked in bold on the Jellyfish Glo gene DNA. The two restriction enzymes and their respective restriction sites are listed below. These enzyme ...
Oxidative Stress and Repair
... Both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA is attacked by ROS but mtDNA is affected more because it does not contain histones it is in proximity to ROS generation and has limited antioxidant repair system ...
... Both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA is attacked by ROS but mtDNA is affected more because it does not contain histones it is in proximity to ROS generation and has limited antioxidant repair system ...
Protein Synthesis Foldable
... Where does this process occur? What enzymes are used in this process? Describe what is going on in this process. Describe why this process is essential for making proteins What type(s) of RNA is used in this process and what role does it play ...
... Where does this process occur? What enzymes are used in this process? Describe what is going on in this process. Describe why this process is essential for making proteins What type(s) of RNA is used in this process and what role does it play ...
DNA Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
... B. DNA helicases hold the two strands of the old DNA apart and prevent them from reuniting. C. DNA helicases break the hydrogen bonds in the DNA molecule. D. DNA helicases add nucleotides to the exposed nitrogen bases of the old DNA. ...
... B. DNA helicases hold the two strands of the old DNA apart and prevent them from reuniting. C. DNA helicases break the hydrogen bonds in the DNA molecule. D. DNA helicases add nucleotides to the exposed nitrogen bases of the old DNA. ...
THE DNA OF CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS HE small
... genome is therefore expected to contain 0.8 x lo8 base pairs (8.8 X g). Adult nematodes obtained from liquid cultures contain about fifteen times more DNA than do larvae. The growth of the gonad and the number of developing embryos is sufficient to account for most of this increase. Kinetics of rena ...
... genome is therefore expected to contain 0.8 x lo8 base pairs (8.8 X g). Adult nematodes obtained from liquid cultures contain about fifteen times more DNA than do larvae. The growth of the gonad and the number of developing embryos is sufficient to account for most of this increase. Kinetics of rena ...
Genetic Test Review Packet What is a Punnet square and what is it
... same trait (for example Tt). 19.Purebred – an organism that carries two of the same alleles for a trait, either two dominant alleles, or two recessive alleles. 20.Probability – the likelihood that a particular event will occur. 21.CoDominance – a condition in which neither of 2 alleles of a gene is ...
... same trait (for example Tt). 19.Purebred – an organism that carries two of the same alleles for a trait, either two dominant alleles, or two recessive alleles. 20.Probability – the likelihood that a particular event will occur. 21.CoDominance – a condition in which neither of 2 alleles of a gene is ...
The RNA World
... 70nt precurser, processed by DICER, results not in dsRNA bind target and prevent ribosomal elongation ...
... 70nt precurser, processed by DICER, results not in dsRNA bind target and prevent ribosomal elongation ...
The RNA World
... 70nt precurser, processed by DICER, results not in dsRNA bind target and prevent ribosomal elongation ...
... 70nt precurser, processed by DICER, results not in dsRNA bind target and prevent ribosomal elongation ...
Chapter 14 Overview: The Flow of Genetic Information
... During translation, the sequence of codons along an mRNA molecule is translated into a sequence of amino acids making up the polypeptide chain. During translation, the codons are read in the 5’ 3’ direction along the mRNA. Each codon specifies which one of the 20 amino acids will be incorporated ...
... During translation, the sequence of codons along an mRNA molecule is translated into a sequence of amino acids making up the polypeptide chain. During translation, the codons are read in the 5’ 3’ direction along the mRNA. Each codon specifies which one of the 20 amino acids will be incorporated ...
Deoxyribozyme
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Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.