The biased nucleotide composition of the HIV genome: a constant
... The RNA genomes of HIV-1 group M virus isolates contain a similar amount of A-nucleotides as those of group O (35%, Table 1). Group N and P viruses appear to contain slightly higher (group N) or lower (group P) levels of A-nucleotides, but only one (group P) or no (group N) full-length genomes with ...
... The RNA genomes of HIV-1 group M virus isolates contain a similar amount of A-nucleotides as those of group O (35%, Table 1). Group N and P viruses appear to contain slightly higher (group N) or lower (group P) levels of A-nucleotides, but only one (group P) or no (group N) full-length genomes with ...
Sequence requirements for function of the
... su(Hw)BS, ACE3, S18 and ori-β was liberated from the BP construct by digestion with NotI and XhoI. The fragment was cloned into the NotI to XhoI sites of pBS*K to generate pBS*K-2.8. A subregion of the 320 bp ACE3 (ACE3mt-1) was amplified by PCR using primer set 1, digested at the KpnI and BamHI sit ...
... su(Hw)BS, ACE3, S18 and ori-β was liberated from the BP construct by digestion with NotI and XhoI. The fragment was cloned into the NotI to XhoI sites of pBS*K to generate pBS*K-2.8. A subregion of the 320 bp ACE3 (ACE3mt-1) was amplified by PCR using primer set 1, digested at the KpnI and BamHI sit ...
Lactic acidemia and mitochondrial disease
... retardation and while they may survive to maturity they function, albeit at a lower than average level, needing special care and schooling. Two speciWc Amerindian missense mutations, A610T and M743I were identiWed as the major cause of type A PC deWciency in North America [26,27]. The type B PC deWc ...
... retardation and while they may survive to maturity they function, albeit at a lower than average level, needing special care and schooling. Two speciWc Amerindian missense mutations, A610T and M743I were identiWed as the major cause of type A PC deWciency in North America [26,27]. The type B PC deWc ...
Article Mitochondrial DNA turnover occurs during preimplantation
... destabilize mtDNA. The preimplantation period of development in mammals was thought to be relatively immune from environmentally induced changes to mtDNA, since no replication of mtDNA was thought to occur at this stage. This study demonstrates that there is a very short period of mtDNA synthesis im ...
... destabilize mtDNA. The preimplantation period of development in mammals was thought to be relatively immune from environmentally induced changes to mtDNA, since no replication of mtDNA was thought to occur at this stage. This study demonstrates that there is a very short period of mtDNA synthesis im ...
Aus dem Max-Planck-Institut für Psychiatrie
... Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic, recurring and potentially lifethreatening illness. According to the WHO world health report 2002 it accounts for 4.4 percent of the total overall disease burden, which is similar to the contributions of ischemic heart disease or diarrheal diseases (Mann, ...
... Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic, recurring and potentially lifethreatening illness. According to the WHO world health report 2002 it accounts for 4.4 percent of the total overall disease burden, which is similar to the contributions of ischemic heart disease or diarrheal diseases (Mann, ...
North Carolina End-Of-Course Coach for Biology
... Which of the following statements about disruptive selection is true? A. Disruptive selection eliminates the extreme forms and favors the intermediate forms. B. Disruptive selection causes one phenotype to be replaced by another. C. Disruptive selection causes an increase in the extreme forms and ...
... Which of the following statements about disruptive selection is true? A. Disruptive selection eliminates the extreme forms and favors the intermediate forms. B. Disruptive selection causes one phenotype to be replaced by another. C. Disruptive selection causes an increase in the extreme forms and ...
Mutation Accumulation in Populations of Varying Size
... as nearly neutral or slightly deleterious (Ohta 1992). While the most damaging class of mutational effects will depend on the effective size of a population, deleterious mutations with very large or extremely small effects are unlikely to be as important for population fitness since they will be era ...
... as nearly neutral or slightly deleterious (Ohta 1992). While the most damaging class of mutational effects will depend on the effective size of a population, deleterious mutations with very large or extremely small effects are unlikely to be as important for population fitness since they will be era ...
Author`s personal copy - Real Jardín Botánico
... and de Sa, 1995; Garcia et al., 2009). Both ‘‘S’’ and ‘‘L’’ type nrDNA organization types are randomly scattered across the tree of eukaryotes (Fig. 2; Long and Dawid, 1980; Rogers and Bendich, 1987; Zentgraf et al., 1998; Drouin et al., 1992; Cruces et al., 1989; Kawai et al., 1997), not allowing a ...
... and de Sa, 1995; Garcia et al., 2009). Both ‘‘S’’ and ‘‘L’’ type nrDNA organization types are randomly scattered across the tree of eukaryotes (Fig. 2; Long and Dawid, 1980; Rogers and Bendich, 1987; Zentgraf et al., 1998; Drouin et al., 1992; Cruces et al., 1989; Kawai et al., 1997), not allowing a ...
PCR Primer Design
... PCR is now a common and often indispensable technique used in medical and biological research labs for a variety of applications. ...
... PCR is now a common and often indispensable technique used in medical and biological research labs for a variety of applications. ...
Chromosome - World of Teaching
... First, partial digestion of chromatin with micrococcal nuclease (an enzyme that degrades DNA) was found to yield DNA fragments approximately 200 base pairs long. In contrast, a similar digestion of naked DNA (not associated with protein) yielded a continuous smear randomly sized fragments. These res ...
... First, partial digestion of chromatin with micrococcal nuclease (an enzyme that degrades DNA) was found to yield DNA fragments approximately 200 base pairs long. In contrast, a similar digestion of naked DNA (not associated with protein) yielded a continuous smear randomly sized fragments. These res ...
GenotoxiCity
... The identification of compounds capable of inducing mutations is crucial in safety assessment, since mutagenic compounds can potentially damage the germ line and also induce cancer. Gene mutations can easily be measured in bacteria, where they cause a change in the growth requirements. The Ames test ...
... The identification of compounds capable of inducing mutations is crucial in safety assessment, since mutagenic compounds can potentially damage the germ line and also induce cancer. Gene mutations can easily be measured in bacteria, where they cause a change in the growth requirements. The Ames test ...
paper - Université de Namur
... Mirsky [9] proposed i) that the flexible amino acid backbone of globular proteins or enzymes in their native states does not fold randomly but meanders in space along an invariable and reproducible path specific to each protein; and ii) that this unique, so-called tertiary structure is stabilized ag ...
... Mirsky [9] proposed i) that the flexible amino acid backbone of globular proteins or enzymes in their native states does not fold randomly but meanders in space along an invariable and reproducible path specific to each protein; and ii) that this unique, so-called tertiary structure is stabilized ag ...
Cloning and expression of the phosphotriesterase
... Pseudomonas monteilii C11, which enabled it to use the organophosphate (OP) coroxon as its sole phosphorus source, is described. The gene, called hocA (hydrolysis of coroxon) consists of 501 bp and encodes a protein of 19 kDa. This protein had no sequence similarity to any proteins in the SWISS-PROT ...
... Pseudomonas monteilii C11, which enabled it to use the organophosphate (OP) coroxon as its sole phosphorus source, is described. The gene, called hocA (hydrolysis of coroxon) consists of 501 bp and encodes a protein of 19 kDa. This protein had no sequence similarity to any proteins in the SWISS-PROT ...
Chem 499 Final Exam Name
... Make sure you show all of your work. Draw in any lone pairs of electrons, formal charge and curved arrows to show electron movement when required. Only write answers in the space available. Thank you for sharing this course with me. I learned a lot and I hope you did too. Have a productive summer. ...
... Make sure you show all of your work. Draw in any lone pairs of electrons, formal charge and curved arrows to show electron movement when required. Only write answers in the space available. Thank you for sharing this course with me. I learned a lot and I hope you did too. Have a productive summer. ...
Erp, an extracellular protein family specific to
... smegmatis and M. xenopi and the selected recombinant plasmids were sequenced. The DNA sequences were assembled and the deduced amino acid sequences were shown to contain repeated sequences based on the PGLTS motif, as already described for the M. tuberculosis and M. leprae proteins. Fig. 1 shows a s ...
... smegmatis and M. xenopi and the selected recombinant plasmids were sequenced. The DNA sequences were assembled and the deduced amino acid sequences were shown to contain repeated sequences based on the PGLTS motif, as already described for the M. tuberculosis and M. leprae proteins. Fig. 1 shows a s ...
PDF Full-text
... Approaches based on a phospha-Michael addition to obtain the C-P-C pseudodipeptide skeleton predominate. The most traditional approach involves the addition of a suitably N-protected α-amino-Hphosphinic (phosphonous, AaPH) acid or its ester (alkyl H-phosphinate) to an acrylate (P-C disconnection, sy ...
... Approaches based on a phospha-Michael addition to obtain the C-P-C pseudodipeptide skeleton predominate. The most traditional approach involves the addition of a suitably N-protected α-amino-Hphosphinic (phosphonous, AaPH) acid or its ester (alkyl H-phosphinate) to an acrylate (P-C disconnection, sy ...
The effecT of chlorinaTion of nucleoTide bases on The
... They observed that such substitution did not affect the normal vital functioning of the bacteria and its ability to divide normally, but it was found that these investigated organisms were not capable to transfer the modified fragments of DNA to the bacteria with natural DNA (containing thymine), in ...
... They observed that such substitution did not affect the normal vital functioning of the bacteria and its ability to divide normally, but it was found that these investigated organisms were not capable to transfer the modified fragments of DNA to the bacteria with natural DNA (containing thymine), in ...
ARTICLES - Weizmann Institute of Science
... Eran Segal1, Yvonne Fondufe-Mittendorf2, Lingyi Chen2, AnnChristine Thåström2, Yair Field1, Irene K. Moore2, Ji-Ping Z. Wang3 & Jonathan Widom2 Eukaryotic genomes are packaged into nucleosome particles that occlude the DNA from interacting with most DNA binding proteins. Nucleosomes have higher af ...
... Eran Segal1, Yvonne Fondufe-Mittendorf2, Lingyi Chen2, AnnChristine Thåström2, Yair Field1, Irene K. Moore2, Ji-Ping Z. Wang3 & Jonathan Widom2 Eukaryotic genomes are packaged into nucleosome particles that occlude the DNA from interacting with most DNA binding proteins. Nucleosomes have higher af ...
Enzyme Catalysis - faculty at Chemeketa
... affinity for the substrate. 1. It does not compete with the substrate for the active site. 2. It does not need to resemble the structure of the substrate. 3. Its’ effect cannot be reversed by increasing the substrate concentration. ...
... affinity for the substrate. 1. It does not compete with the substrate for the active site. 2. It does not need to resemble the structure of the substrate. 3. Its’ effect cannot be reversed by increasing the substrate concentration. ...
The Informational Gene and the Substantial Body: On the
... structure of scientific objects and suggest that, for purposes of theory generalization, abstraction is relative to an empirical, rather than a metaphysical, background theory. Scientific background theories do roughly the same work in my view that Aristotle’s conception of four types of explanatory ...
... structure of scientific objects and suggest that, for purposes of theory generalization, abstraction is relative to an empirical, rather than a metaphysical, background theory. Scientific background theories do roughly the same work in my view that Aristotle’s conception of four types of explanatory ...
Title Photochemical chlorination of methane Author(s) Tamura, Mikio
... As the reaction velocity is proportional to a power of the intensity of light approaching to 0.5, it is concluded that the reaction chains are terminated principally by the combination of chain carriers between themselves, rather than by such an inhibitor as oxygen or by the wall of the vessel. Now ...
... As the reaction velocity is proportional to a power of the intensity of light approaching to 0.5, it is concluded that the reaction chains are terminated principally by the combination of chain carriers between themselves, rather than by such an inhibitor as oxygen or by the wall of the vessel. Now ...
A component of calcium-activated potassium channels encoded by
... frames; hatched boxes, introns that were not spliced out of some CDNAs (17). The open reading frame of 254 is preceded by an untranslated segment (not shown) that may also represent an unspliced intron (17). ALI the regions shown have been completely sequenced on both strands (16), with the exceptio ...
... frames; hatched boxes, introns that were not spliced out of some CDNAs (17). The open reading frame of 254 is preceded by an untranslated segment (not shown) that may also represent an unspliced intron (17). ALI the regions shown have been completely sequenced on both strands (16), with the exceptio ...
Characterization and Cloning of the Chlorophyll
... of pyropheophorbide (PyroPheid), C-132-carboxylPyroPheid a, by demethylation, and then the precursor is decarboxylated nonenzymatically to yield PyroPheid a. PPD activity sharply increased with the progression of senescence in radish, suggesting de novo synthesis of PPD. The enzyme activity was sepa ...
... of pyropheophorbide (PyroPheid), C-132-carboxylPyroPheid a, by demethylation, and then the precursor is decarboxylated nonenzymatically to yield PyroPheid a. PPD activity sharply increased with the progression of senescence in radish, suggesting de novo synthesis of PPD. The enzyme activity was sepa ...
Virp1 Is a Host Protein with a Major Role in Potato - IMBB
... Viroids are small, circular, single-stranded RNA molecules that, while not coding for any protein, cause several plant diseases. Viroids rely for their infectious cycle on host proteins, most of which are likely to be involved in endogenous RNA-mediated phenomena. Therefore, characterization of host ...
... Viroids are small, circular, single-stranded RNA molecules that, while not coding for any protein, cause several plant diseases. Viroids rely for their infectious cycle on host proteins, most of which are likely to be involved in endogenous RNA-mediated phenomena. Therefore, characterization of host ...
Deoxyribozyme
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Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.