Enzymes:The Catalysts of Life I
... The activation energy requirement is a barrier that must be overcome if desirable reactions are to proceed at reasonable rates. Since the energy content of a given molecule must exceed EA before that molecule is capable of undergoing reaction, the only way a reaction involving metastable reactants w ...
... The activation energy requirement is a barrier that must be overcome if desirable reactions are to proceed at reasonable rates. Since the energy content of a given molecule must exceed EA before that molecule is capable of undergoing reaction, the only way a reaction involving metastable reactants w ...
A natural chimeric yeast containing genetic material from three species
... not shown) and thus it is not likely that this yeast is a hybrid. This finding was supported by Southern hybridization of genomic IFO 1802 DNA digested with six different restriction enzymes and probed with IFO 1802 MET2. Invariably, only one distinct signal was found (data not shown). The MET2 DNA ...
... not shown) and thus it is not likely that this yeast is a hybrid. This finding was supported by Southern hybridization of genomic IFO 1802 DNA digested with six different restriction enzymes and probed with IFO 1802 MET2. Invariably, only one distinct signal was found (data not shown). The MET2 DNA ...
FEMS Microbiology Letters
... PFO and tetrameric POR/VOR/KOR. Sequence alignments performed for only some of these oxidoreductase groups are scattered in the literature [2,16^18]. Most of the tetrameric and dimeric oxidoreductase-containing species do not possess a homodimeric PFO. Campylobacter jejuni is an exception as it cont ...
... PFO and tetrameric POR/VOR/KOR. Sequence alignments performed for only some of these oxidoreductase groups are scattered in the literature [2,16^18]. Most of the tetrameric and dimeric oxidoreductase-containing species do not possess a homodimeric PFO. Campylobacter jejuni is an exception as it cont ...
The Nucleotide Sequence Determination of Catalases of Three
... amplified showed that those fragments contained sequences homologous with the known Candida catalases, indicating the usefulness of the designed primers. We determined the nucleotide sequences of the open reading frames and respective 5’ untranscribed regions of these yeasts and compared each sequen ...
... amplified showed that those fragments contained sequences homologous with the known Candida catalases, indicating the usefulness of the designed primers. We determined the nucleotide sequences of the open reading frames and respective 5’ untranscribed regions of these yeasts and compared each sequen ...
Role of NAD+-Dependent Malate Dehydrogenase in the Metabolism
... XhoI restriction endonucleases, respectively. The following primers were used for amplification of the mdh gene (WP_003612980) from the DNA of M. trichosporium OB3b (Accession Number ADVE00000000): forward (5′-TACATATGATGGCGCGCAAGAAAATCGCA) and reverse (5′-TACTCGAGGGCGAAAGACGGGTCGAGCG), containing r ...
... XhoI restriction endonucleases, respectively. The following primers were used for amplification of the mdh gene (WP_003612980) from the DNA of M. trichosporium OB3b (Accession Number ADVE00000000): forward (5′-TACATATGATGGCGCGCAAGAAAATCGCA) and reverse (5′-TACTCGAGGGCGAAAGACGGGTCGAGCG), containing r ...
essential-biology-03-chemistry-of-life
... 100. Explain why ATP yield in aerobic cell respiration is so much higher than in anaerobic respiration. (Long answer question – think about knock-on effects of reduced O2). ...
... 100. Explain why ATP yield in aerobic cell respiration is so much higher than in anaerobic respiration. (Long answer question – think about knock-on effects of reduced O2). ...
File - Mr. Arnold`s Classes
... 100. Explain why ATP yield in aerobic cell respiration is so much higher than in anaerobic respiration. (Long answer question – think about knock-on effects of reduced O2). ...
... 100. Explain why ATP yield in aerobic cell respiration is so much higher than in anaerobic respiration. (Long answer question – think about knock-on effects of reduced O2). ...
Supplementary Materials and methods (doc 154K)
... assessed. We used the protocol previously described by Itoh et al. for the mobilization of plasmid pNI111 by RP4 (Itoh et al 1991). P. aeruginosa PAO1-GFP (resistant to gentamycin and chloramphenicol) was used as a recipient strain. Mating experiments were performed three independent times on LB aga ...
... assessed. We used the protocol previously described by Itoh et al. for the mobilization of plasmid pNI111 by RP4 (Itoh et al 1991). P. aeruginosa PAO1-GFP (resistant to gentamycin and chloramphenicol) was used as a recipient strain. Mating experiments were performed three independent times on LB aga ...
Genome Rearrangements Caused by Depletion of Essential DNA
... cycle following gene-product depletion by promoter shut off (Yu et al. 2006). Spontaneous DNA damage was measured by the relocalization of the DNA damage checkpoint protein Ddc2 from a diffuse nuclear pattern to discrete subnuclear foci (Figure 1A) (Melo et al. 2001; Lisby et al. 2004). Following gr ...
... cycle following gene-product depletion by promoter shut off (Yu et al. 2006). Spontaneous DNA damage was measured by the relocalization of the DNA damage checkpoint protein Ddc2 from a diffuse nuclear pattern to discrete subnuclear foci (Figure 1A) (Melo et al. 2001; Lisby et al. 2004). Following gr ...
practice test - WordPress.com
... d. provide for the rare change in instructions. e. all of these Which of the following statements is NOT true? a. Diversity is the result of evolution. b. The characteristics of any living organism are under the control of a chemical. c. The diversity of living organisms makes life unpredictable, ev ...
... d. provide for the rare change in instructions. e. all of these Which of the following statements is NOT true? a. Diversity is the result of evolution. b. The characteristics of any living organism are under the control of a chemical. c. The diversity of living organisms makes life unpredictable, ev ...
Computational Biology - Bioinformatik
... SNPs in miRNA may lead to diseases miRNAs can have dual oncogenic and tumour suppressive roles in cancer depending on the cell type and pattern of gene expression. Approximately 50% of all annotated human miRNA genes are located in fragile sites or areas of the genome that are associated with cance ...
... SNPs in miRNA may lead to diseases miRNAs can have dual oncogenic and tumour suppressive roles in cancer depending on the cell type and pattern of gene expression. Approximately 50% of all annotated human miRNA genes are located in fragile sites or areas of the genome that are associated with cance ...
View PDF
... between the Watcut application for multiple sequences and SQR is that the first one requires the edition of the sequences before analysis while ours does not; thus, the input of sequences in SQR is easy and even allows the simple copy-paste of nucleotides without previous formatting. Differentially ...
... between the Watcut application for multiple sequences and SQR is that the first one requires the edition of the sequences before analysis while ours does not; thus, the input of sequences in SQR is easy and even allows the simple copy-paste of nucleotides without previous formatting. Differentially ...
FORMATTED - revised ENZYMology
... Kuhne ( 1878) used the term enzyme to distinguish this unorganized ferments. In Greek enzyme means ‘in yeast’. Concrete evidence for this assumption was provided by Buchner in 1897. He showed the production of alcohols from sugars using cell free extract of yeast. Emil Fischer (1894) showed the spec ...
... Kuhne ( 1878) used the term enzyme to distinguish this unorganized ferments. In Greek enzyme means ‘in yeast’. Concrete evidence for this assumption was provided by Buchner in 1897. He showed the production of alcohols from sugars using cell free extract of yeast. Emil Fischer (1894) showed the spec ...
Pdf - Text of NPTEL IIT Video Lectures
... to the semi-conservative model of replication. Each parental strand acts as a template for the synthesis of new strand of D N A, which is complementary to the parental strand. Each daughter D N A molecule always has one parental D N A strand and one newly synthesized daughter strand. Among the three ...
... to the semi-conservative model of replication. Each parental strand acts as a template for the synthesis of new strand of D N A, which is complementary to the parental strand. Each daughter D N A molecule always has one parental D N A strand and one newly synthesized daughter strand. Among the three ...
Obligate phototrophy in cyanobacteria: more than a lack of sugar
... through utilization of their plant-like photosynthetic process. They nevertheless possess a respiratory activity (for a review see [1]) and all the enzymes necessary for sugar catabolism [2,3]. Only approximately half of the strains tested, however, are capable of using this pathway to perform heter ...
... through utilization of their plant-like photosynthetic process. They nevertheless possess a respiratory activity (for a review see [1]) and all the enzymes necessary for sugar catabolism [2,3]. Only approximately half of the strains tested, however, are capable of using this pathway to perform heter ...
How and When Selection Experiments Might Actually be
... In another example, Mueller and colleagues have used manipulations of larval and adult density regimes in Drosophila melanogaster to test a variety of predictions derived from density-dependent selection theory (reviewed in Mueller, 1997). The second use of laboratory natural selection is to test hy ...
... In another example, Mueller and colleagues have used manipulations of larval and adult density regimes in Drosophila melanogaster to test a variety of predictions derived from density-dependent selection theory (reviewed in Mueller, 1997). The second use of laboratory natural selection is to test hy ...
Document
... Phenomenon of iPS cell reprogramming and somatic cloning – genetic information is not sufficient to define the state of a cell. Importantly, there is no direct contradiction: Crick: The central dogma of molecular biology deals with the detailed residue-by-residue transfer of sequential information. ...
... Phenomenon of iPS cell reprogramming and somatic cloning – genetic information is not sufficient to define the state of a cell. Importantly, there is no direct contradiction: Crick: The central dogma of molecular biology deals with the detailed residue-by-residue transfer of sequential information. ...
... is inhibited. As the ncRNA is not produced maternally, most genes within the domain are free to be expressed from that chromosome (Figure 1). Recent experiments have strongly suggested that the silencing mechanism of Kcnq1ot1 RNA involves a spreading activity in cis, recruitment of Polycomb group pr ...
biofundamentals - virtual laboratories
... processes that have been in play since the origin of life (~3.5 billion years ago). While a particular individual does not evolve, populations do - evolution is simply a description of how populations change over time. The reason(s) for these changes can be grouped under the broad term of evolutiona ...
... processes that have been in play since the origin of life (~3.5 billion years ago). While a particular individual does not evolve, populations do - evolution is simply a description of how populations change over time. The reason(s) for these changes can be grouped under the broad term of evolutiona ...
molecular infectious disease testing
... ARUP’s clients include many of the nation’s university teaching hospitals and children’s hospitals, as well as multihospital groups, major commercial laboratories, and group purchasing organizations. We do not compete with our clients for physician office business, choosing instead to support client ...
... ARUP’s clients include many of the nation’s university teaching hospitals and children’s hospitals, as well as multihospital groups, major commercial laboratories, and group purchasing organizations. We do not compete with our clients for physician office business, choosing instead to support client ...
Deoxyribozyme
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Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.