Systematics
... Try to use only homologous characters: characters whose similarity is due to inheritance from a common ancestor - recognized by detailed similarity in structure, organization, development, etc. (but not always easy!) ...
... Try to use only homologous characters: characters whose similarity is due to inheritance from a common ancestor - recognized by detailed similarity in structure, organization, development, etc. (but not always easy!) ...
Concepts of Genetics
... infection. Because DNA contains phosphorus (P) but not sulfur, 32P effectively labels DNA; because proteins contain sulfur (S) but not phosphorus, 35S labels protein. This is a key feature of the experiment. If E. coli cells are first grown in the presence of 32P or 35S and then infected with T2 vir ...
... infection. Because DNA contains phosphorus (P) but not sulfur, 32P effectively labels DNA; because proteins contain sulfur (S) but not phosphorus, 35S labels protein. This is a key feature of the experiment. If E. coli cells are first grown in the presence of 32P or 35S and then infected with T2 vir ...
Chapter 1
... stability that the gene demanded, yet be capable of permanent, sudden change to the mutant forms that must provide the basis of evolution... It was generally assumed that genes would be composed of amino acids because, at that time, they appeared to be the only biomolecules with sufficient complexit ...
... stability that the gene demanded, yet be capable of permanent, sudden change to the mutant forms that must provide the basis of evolution... It was generally assumed that genes would be composed of amino acids because, at that time, they appeared to be the only biomolecules with sufficient complexit ...
Python Practice
... #Explanation: If expression is true Action1 will be executed, if expression is false Action2 will be executed. #Important!!! Indentation: Action1 and Action2 have to be shifted Type the following, observe the result: ...
... #Explanation: If expression is true Action1 will be executed, if expression is false Action2 will be executed. #Important!!! Indentation: Action1 and Action2 have to be shifted Type the following, observe the result: ...
Cells can contain one type or a mixture of organelle genomes
... Inhibitors of bacterial translation have same effect on mitochondrial translation, but not eukaryotic cytoplasmic protein synthesis ...
... Inhibitors of bacterial translation have same effect on mitochondrial translation, but not eukaryotic cytoplasmic protein synthesis ...
Chapter 2 : The Chemistry of Life Section 3 : Carbon
... • Organic Chemistry – study of chemistry that contain bonds between carbon atoms • Carbon can bond with many elements, including hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen to form the molecules of life ...
... • Organic Chemistry – study of chemistry that contain bonds between carbon atoms • Carbon can bond with many elements, including hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen to form the molecules of life ...
Answer Key
... (2) some will lead to infertility even if treated (3) some will lead to organ damage even if treated (4) could lead to increased sexual activity and increased medication (5) may harm a fetus ...
... (2) some will lead to infertility even if treated (3) some will lead to organ damage even if treated (4) could lead to increased sexual activity and increased medication (5) may harm a fetus ...
Processivity of DNA polymerases: two mechanisms, one goal
... polymerase of the E. coli bacteriophage T3 contains a thioredoxin-binding domain and thus may use thioredoxin as a processivity factor in a similar manner to T7. Similarly, the DNA polymerase of the Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage Spo1 also contains an insertion of 45 amino acids between α helices H ...
... polymerase of the E. coli bacteriophage T3 contains a thioredoxin-binding domain and thus may use thioredoxin as a processivity factor in a similar manner to T7. Similarly, the DNA polymerase of the Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage Spo1 also contains an insertion of 45 amino acids between α helices H ...
Slides
... • The amino acid sequence determines the structure which determines the function. • Proteins make up over 50% of the cell by dry weight. • Proteins give the cell its shape, they form receptors, enzymes, hormones and growth factors, toxins, transporters and antibodies. ...
... • The amino acid sequence determines the structure which determines the function. • Proteins make up over 50% of the cell by dry weight. • Proteins give the cell its shape, they form receptors, enzymes, hormones and growth factors, toxins, transporters and antibodies. ...
Genetic engineering NOTES File
... be impractical as it is too costly for many in underdeveloped countries. A more viable alternative might be to use a more nutritious crop variety, or if one is not available, to improve existing varieties. This approach has been taken with rice. White rice is a staple food for many people. It conta ...
... be impractical as it is too costly for many in underdeveloped countries. A more viable alternative might be to use a more nutritious crop variety, or if one is not available, to improve existing varieties. This approach has been taken with rice. White rice is a staple food for many people. It conta ...
University of Debrecen - DEA
... polysaccharide and the O-polysaccharide. The outer half of the outer membrane bilayer is mainly, while lipoprotein is present on the inner half of the outer membrane, along with usual phospholipids. Lipoprotein is anchoring the outer membrane to peptidoglycan. Several porins are embedded in the oute ...
... polysaccharide and the O-polysaccharide. The outer half of the outer membrane bilayer is mainly, while lipoprotein is present on the inner half of the outer membrane, along with usual phospholipids. Lipoprotein is anchoring the outer membrane to peptidoglycan. Several porins are embedded in the oute ...
Exam Questions_150216_final
... The dnaB gene of E. coli encodes a helicase (DnaB) that unwinds DNA at the replication fork. Its properties have been studied using artificial substrates like those shown in Figure 1A. In such substrates, DnaB binds preferentially to the longest single-strand region (the largest target) available. Th ...
... The dnaB gene of E. coli encodes a helicase (DnaB) that unwinds DNA at the replication fork. Its properties have been studied using artificial substrates like those shown in Figure 1A. In such substrates, DnaB binds preferentially to the longest single-strand region (the largest target) available. Th ...
ap nucleic acids, proteins and enzymes
... This can change the tertiary structure and thus the shape of the protein. Protein structure can also be modified by covalent bonding of a chemical group to the side chain of one or more of its amino acids. ...
... This can change the tertiary structure and thus the shape of the protein. Protein structure can also be modified by covalent bonding of a chemical group to the side chain of one or more of its amino acids. ...
PoL2e Ch03 Lecture-Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes
... This can change the tertiary structure and thus the shape of the protein. Protein structure can also be modified by covalent bonding of a chemical group to the side chain of one or more of its amino acids. ...
... This can change the tertiary structure and thus the shape of the protein. Protein structure can also be modified by covalent bonding of a chemical group to the side chain of one or more of its amino acids. ...
Slide 1
... The study of evidence discovered at a crime scene and used in a court of law. Bones seemed to belong to six adults and three children Sexing was inconclusive, due to decomposition of pelvises Skeletons might be the Romanovs. Could resemblance among relatives be ...
... The study of evidence discovered at a crime scene and used in a court of law. Bones seemed to belong to six adults and three children Sexing was inconclusive, due to decomposition of pelvises Skeletons might be the Romanovs. Could resemblance among relatives be ...
Cytogenetic alterations in human lymphocyte culture following
... DNA strand breaks were reported in human diploid fibroblasts and cultured rat granulosa cells (Diem et al., 2005) as well as in embryonic stem cell--derived neural progenitor cells (D'Ambrosio et al., 2002) after RF field exposure. Gadhia et al., (2003) reported that in individuals, who used digital ...
... DNA strand breaks were reported in human diploid fibroblasts and cultured rat granulosa cells (Diem et al., 2005) as well as in embryonic stem cell--derived neural progenitor cells (D'Ambrosio et al., 2002) after RF field exposure. Gadhia et al., (2003) reported that in individuals, who used digital ...
What is trans-acting factor?
... motif to bind DNA target • Most bind as dimers to DNA sequence: each monomer inserts an a helix into the major groove. Eukaryotic regulatory proteins 1. Recognize the DNA using the similar principles, with some variations in detail. 2. In addition to form homodimers (同源二聚体), some form heterodimers ( ...
... motif to bind DNA target • Most bind as dimers to DNA sequence: each monomer inserts an a helix into the major groove. Eukaryotic regulatory proteins 1. Recognize the DNA using the similar principles, with some variations in detail. 2. In addition to form homodimers (同源二聚体), some form heterodimers ( ...
Manual: ABLE® Competent Cell Kit
... Use of 14-ml BD Falcon polypropylene round-bottom tubes: It is important that 14-ml BD Falcon polypropylene round-bottom tubes (BD Biosciences Catalog #352059) are used for the transformation protocol, since other tubes may be degraded by β-mercaptoethanol. In addition, the duration of the heat-puls ...
... Use of 14-ml BD Falcon polypropylene round-bottom tubes: It is important that 14-ml BD Falcon polypropylene round-bottom tubes (BD Biosciences Catalog #352059) are used for the transformation protocol, since other tubes may be degraded by β-mercaptoethanol. In addition, the duration of the heat-puls ...
Enzymes I
... either inorganic (e.g., metal ions and iron-sulfur clusters) or organic compounds (e.g., flavin and heme). Organic cofactors can be either prosthetic groups, which are tightly bound to an enzyme, or coenzymes, which are released from the enzyme's active site during the reaction. Coenzymes include NA ...
... either inorganic (e.g., metal ions and iron-sulfur clusters) or organic compounds (e.g., flavin and heme). Organic cofactors can be either prosthetic groups, which are tightly bound to an enzyme, or coenzymes, which are released from the enzyme's active site during the reaction. Coenzymes include NA ...
Mutational Profiling of Human Disease Genes
... relationship between sequence variation and susceptibility to disease. M arkers such as SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms), insertions and deletions in the human genome are useful in two ways. Firstly, the polymorphism can cause differences in the gene function or regulation that directly contri ...
... relationship between sequence variation and susceptibility to disease. M arkers such as SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms), insertions and deletions in the human genome are useful in two ways. Firstly, the polymorphism can cause differences in the gene function or regulation that directly contri ...
n - 1
... of genetic diversity is a major focus of conservation biology. Environmental change is a continuous process & genetic diversity is required for populations to evolve to adapt to such change. Loss of genetic diversity is often associated with inbreeding and reduction in reproductive fitness. ...
... of genetic diversity is a major focus of conservation biology. Environmental change is a continuous process & genetic diversity is required for populations to evolve to adapt to such change. Loss of genetic diversity is often associated with inbreeding and reduction in reproductive fitness. ...
Note Guide – Chapter 36
... 3. List the conditions a population must meet in order to maintain Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 4. Explain how genetic drift, gene flow, mutation, nonrandom mating and natural selection can cause microevolution. 5. Distinguish between the bottleneck effect and the founder effect. 6. Explain why even ...
... 3. List the conditions a population must meet in order to maintain Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 4. Explain how genetic drift, gene flow, mutation, nonrandom mating and natural selection can cause microevolution. 5. Distinguish between the bottleneck effect and the founder effect. 6. Explain why even ...
The BCM Microarray Core Facility
... Using Illumina GenomeStudio software to analyzer mRNA-seq reads, sequence tables are generated providing information on the position of the sequence within the chromosome. Information on SNPs present in a given sample are also provided in a table describing the position of the SNP, the reference bas ...
... Using Illumina GenomeStudio software to analyzer mRNA-seq reads, sequence tables are generated providing information on the position of the sequence within the chromosome. Information on SNPs present in a given sample are also provided in a table describing the position of the SNP, the reference bas ...
Chapter 14: Gene Transcription and RNA Modification
... to the more complex eukaryotic one. Before entering into the discussion of initiation, elongation, and termination, the section takes a good look at the structure of a bacterial promoter. A promoter is a regulatory sequence that plays a central role in transcriptional regulation. There are two thing ...
... to the more complex eukaryotic one. Before entering into the discussion of initiation, elongation, and termination, the section takes a good look at the structure of a bacterial promoter. A promoter is a regulatory sequence that plays a central role in transcriptional regulation. There are two thing ...
Deoxyribozyme
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Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.