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Second
Second

... A student just started to study protein translocation with the eventual goal of isolating the individual components involved. His first task was to isolate the different subcellular fractions that are required for this process. Unfortunately, his labels fell off and he could not tell which fraction ...
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... Structural Basis of Membrane Protein-Bilayer Interactions The absence of hydrogen-bonding groups inside the bilayer limits the types of structure that can exist there. Membrane proteins must satisfy their own hydrogen-bonding groups. Transmembrane a-helices: Some transmembrane proteins have alpha-h ...
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High Density Cobalt Agarose
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... 3. Add 0.5ml iodine solution (IKI). 4. Swirl the tube GENTLY to mix. 5. Note the final color and record below. 6. Wash out and re-use the tubes for the next part of the experiment. Brown Paper Test for Lipids 1. Separate two areas on a piece of brown paper. 2. Label them “Water” and “Oil.” 3. Give 1 ...
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... thioester formation from adenylated short or long chain fatty acids or adenylated benzoic acid derivatives. The nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are composed of numerous catalytic domains linked in a modular fashion, often within a single polypeptide that can be thousands of residues in leng ...
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Proteolysis



Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Uncatalysed, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is extremely slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteolysis is typically catalysed by cellular enzymes called proteases, but may also occur by intra-molecular digestion. Low pH or high temperatures can also cause proteolysis non-enzymatically.Proteolysis in organisms serves many purposes; for example, digestive enzymes break down proteins in food to provide amino acids for the organism, while proteolytic processing of a polypeptide chain after its synthesis may be necessary for the production of an active protein. It is also important in the regulation of some physiological and cellular processes, as well as preventing the accumulation of unwanted or abnormal proteins in cells. Consequently, dis-regulation of proteolysis can cause diseases, and is used in some venoms to damage their prey.Proteolysis is important as an analytical tool for studying proteins in the laboratory, as well as industrially, for example in food processing and stain removal.
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