Interactions between species and the structure of helminth
... the best strategy, since realised niches of helminths are almost always more restricted than their fundamental niches (Bush & Holmes, 1986 b ; Stock & Holmes, 1988). However, other studies on gastrointestinal helminths with overlapping fundamental niches have not systematically found functional resp ...
... the best strategy, since realised niches of helminths are almost always more restricted than their fundamental niches (Bush & Holmes, 1986 b ; Stock & Holmes, 1988). However, other studies on gastrointestinal helminths with overlapping fundamental niches have not systematically found functional resp ...
Phylogenetic limiting similarity and competitive exclusion
... Each species was introduced to one microcosm with one of the other nine species; c. 100 individuals for each protist species were inoculated to start the experiment. This was done for all 45 twospecies combinations, each replicated three times. Weekly samples (2 mL) were taken from each microcosm an ...
... Each species was introduced to one microcosm with one of the other nine species; c. 100 individuals for each protist species were inoculated to start the experiment. This was done for all 45 twospecies combinations, each replicated three times. Weekly samples (2 mL) were taken from each microcosm an ...
Impact: toward a framework for understanding
... involved. Unfortunately, these are a small minority (Figure 2). Here we review some of the best examples of studies, both experimental and observational, that have quantified impacts. The impact of an invader can be measured at five levels: (1) effects on individuals (including demographic rates suc ...
... involved. Unfortunately, these are a small minority (Figure 2). Here we review some of the best examples of studies, both experimental and observational, that have quantified impacts. The impact of an invader can be measured at five levels: (1) effects on individuals (including demographic rates suc ...
How do ecologists select and use indicator species
... Indicator species (IS) are used to monitor environmental changes, assess the efficacy of management, and provide warning signals for impending ecological shifts. Though widely adopted in recent years by ecologists, conservation biologists, and environmental practitioners, the use of IS has been criti ...
... Indicator species (IS) are used to monitor environmental changes, assess the efficacy of management, and provide warning signals for impending ecological shifts. Though widely adopted in recent years by ecologists, conservation biologists, and environmental practitioners, the use of IS has been criti ...
Hidden responses to environmental variation: maternal
... often confer advantages in early growth, survival and competitive ability among species (Leishman 2001; Moles & Westoby 2002, 2004), and have been shown to change the fitness of individuals (Germain et al. 2013). In addition, studies of seed size and seed number across species show a consistent trad ...
... often confer advantages in early growth, survival and competitive ability among species (Leishman 2001; Moles & Westoby 2002, 2004), and have been shown to change the fitness of individuals (Germain et al. 2013). In addition, studies of seed size and seed number across species show a consistent trad ...
Chapter 53: Population Ecology
... likely than a single wolf to subdue a moose, and a flock of birds is more likely than a single bird to warn of a potential attack. A uniform, or evenly spaced, pattern of dispersion may result from direct interactions between individuals in the population. Some plants secrete chemicals that inhibit ...
... likely than a single wolf to subdue a moose, and a flock of birds is more likely than a single bird to warn of a potential attack. A uniform, or evenly spaced, pattern of dispersion may result from direct interactions between individuals in the population. Some plants secrete chemicals that inhibit ...
Effects of local adaptation and interspecific competition on species
... Local adaptation and species interactions have been shown to affect geographic ranges; therefore, we need models of climate impact that include both factors. To identify possible dynamics of species when including these factors, we ran simulations of two competing species using an individual-based, ...
... Local adaptation and species interactions have been shown to affect geographic ranges; therefore, we need models of climate impact that include both factors. To identify possible dynamics of species when including these factors, we ran simulations of two competing species using an individual-based, ...
RevShtExIB160
... Identify the energy savings and food volume benefits from eating lower on the food chain, and explain why these changes come about. Define what it means to be a “sustainable practice”. Define the term “environmental stewardship” and name and example of how and individual can live by this concept. Id ...
... Identify the energy savings and food volume benefits from eating lower on the food chain, and explain why these changes come about. Define what it means to be a “sustainable practice”. Define the term “environmental stewardship” and name and example of how and individual can live by this concept. Id ...
Do ectotherms partition thermal resources? We still do not know
... because in similar forests where species B is absent, species A still occupies cooler tree trunks. Although hypothetical, this example is plausible because it is consistent with the biology of many lizard species. We can envision similar scenarios for other ectotherm communities. Plastic behavioral ...
... because in similar forests where species B is absent, species A still occupies cooler tree trunks. Although hypothetical, this example is plausible because it is consistent with the biology of many lizard species. We can envision similar scenarios for other ectotherm communities. Plastic behavioral ...
animal mutualistic interactions
... among species of the same guild, i.e. among pollinator species and among plant species (Bastolla et al. 2009). A third class of models is based on the logistic equation, assuming that the carrying capacity of each mutualist species depends on the density of its interaction partners. More mechanistic ...
... among species of the same guild, i.e. among pollinator species and among plant species (Bastolla et al. 2009). A third class of models is based on the logistic equation, assuming that the carrying capacity of each mutualist species depends on the density of its interaction partners. More mechanistic ...
Ecology is - El Paso High School
... Types of Ecology Ecologist use observations & experiments to test explanations for distributions and abundance of species. 1. Organismal ecology is the study of physiology and behavior interacting with environmental challenges 2. Population ecology studies the factors impacting the number of indivi ...
... Types of Ecology Ecologist use observations & experiments to test explanations for distributions and abundance of species. 1. Organismal ecology is the study of physiology and behavior interacting with environmental challenges 2. Population ecology studies the factors impacting the number of indivi ...
Why Are There So Many of Us
... humans have culture, which permits the transmission of knowledge from one generation to others, sometimes over spans of thousands of years and thousands of generations. Human culture gives us the capacity to adapt to inhospitable circumstances and environments in ways not available to other species. ...
... humans have culture, which permits the transmission of knowledge from one generation to others, sometimes over spans of thousands of years and thousands of generations. Human culture gives us the capacity to adapt to inhospitable circumstances and environments in ways not available to other species. ...
Gilliam FS and MR Roberts. 2003. The dynamic nature of the
... mosaic of discrete patches of varying size (i.e., sunflecks), the size and distribution of which vary at time scales from the diurnal to the seasonal. Timelapse photography would reveal the constant dance of these sunflecks across the forest floor. The presence of herbs in the understory of temperate d ...
... mosaic of discrete patches of varying size (i.e., sunflecks), the size and distribution of which vary at time scales from the diurnal to the seasonal. Timelapse photography would reveal the constant dance of these sunflecks across the forest floor. The presence of herbs in the understory of temperate d ...
Marine iguana project to continue
... juveniles but has fallen sharply for adults. Thus, increased recruitment to an iguana population after heavy mortality can lead t6 increased pressure on the hatchling's food resources at the same time as there is decreased pressure on the adult's food supply. Predation Although iguanas appear to be ...
... juveniles but has fallen sharply for adults. Thus, increased recruitment to an iguana population after heavy mortality can lead t6 increased pressure on the hatchling's food resources at the same time as there is decreased pressure on the adult's food supply. Predation Although iguanas appear to be ...
Appendix 1. Revision of the questions on the environmental impact
... In this question we rate the current environmental impact in other invaded regions that can be used as indicator for determining the potential environmental impact in the PRA area (Q6.09). If the species has not invaded any other area, or if the invasion is too recent and too little is known about i ...
... In this question we rate the current environmental impact in other invaded regions that can be used as indicator for determining the potential environmental impact in the PRA area (Q6.09). If the species has not invaded any other area, or if the invasion is too recent and too little is known about i ...
Ecological niches occupied by in South African rangeland communities Dichapetalum cymosum
... affected. This is mainly due to the high costs associated with control measures such as fencing, supplementary feeding and veterinary expenses, and / or lack of grazing management with livestock numbers exceeding the biological carrying capacity of the rangeland due to lack of grazing lands. Proper ...
... affected. This is mainly due to the high costs associated with control measures such as fencing, supplementary feeding and veterinary expenses, and / or lack of grazing management with livestock numbers exceeding the biological carrying capacity of the rangeland due to lack of grazing lands. Proper ...
Genetic identity of interspecific neighbours mediates plant
... neighbours of varied genetic identity in different environments, the present study helps define the mechanisms that underlie the sensitivity of communities to genetic impoverishment and that promote and maintain such levels of genetic diversity at Cressbrookdale. In line with past and current theory ...
... neighbours of varied genetic identity in different environments, the present study helps define the mechanisms that underlie the sensitivity of communities to genetic impoverishment and that promote and maintain such levels of genetic diversity at Cressbrookdale. In line with past and current theory ...
Plant diversity increases resistance to invasion in the absence of
... tectorum and Digitaria ischaemum, thus small and large plants flowered at similar times. We specifically focused on testing the competitionbased mechanism proposed by Elton and others that high levels of resident diversity reduce invasibility because they generate a greater competitive environment ...
... tectorum and Digitaria ischaemum, thus small and large plants flowered at similar times. We specifically focused on testing the competitionbased mechanism proposed by Elton and others that high levels of resident diversity reduce invasibility because they generate a greater competitive environment ...
Fish Population abd Fished Population Dynamics
... low population levels then it can be thought of as resilient. If a population naturally varies within a fairly narrow population range then reduceing the population below its lower “boundary” (e.g. by introducing fishing) carries high risk….it takes the population into a state where we have no idea ...
... low population levels then it can be thought of as resilient. If a population naturally varies within a fairly narrow population range then reduceing the population below its lower “boundary” (e.g. by introducing fishing) carries high risk….it takes the population into a state where we have no idea ...
Why intraspecific trait variation matters in community ecology
... predator–prey or host–parasitoid systems [38–40]. These studies consider variation in diverse traits, including: (i) traditional phenotypes such as size or morphology; (ii) emergent traits such as competitive ability [41], prey attack rate [39], or vulnerability to enemies [42]; and (iii) fitness-re ...
... predator–prey or host–parasitoid systems [38–40]. These studies consider variation in diverse traits, including: (i) traditional phenotypes such as size or morphology; (ii) emergent traits such as competitive ability [41], prey attack rate [39], or vulnerability to enemies [42]; and (iii) fitness-re ...
Tradeoffs, competition, and coexistence in eastern deciduous forest
... Similarly, tradeoffs (i.e. inverse relationships between functional traits among organisms) might also promote segregation among species (Tilman 1994; McPeek et al. ...
... Similarly, tradeoffs (i.e. inverse relationships between functional traits among organisms) might also promote segregation among species (Tilman 1994; McPeek et al. ...
empirical approaches to quantifying interaction intensity: competition
... growth (Gurevitch 1986, McPeek and Peckarsky 1998). When the entire life cycle cannot be followed, inferences from individuals to populations can still be made if the chosen individual-level response variable strongly influences population dynamics. This has usually been implicitly assumed rather th ...
... growth (Gurevitch 1986, McPeek and Peckarsky 1998). When the entire life cycle cannot be followed, inferences from individuals to populations can still be made if the chosen individual-level response variable strongly influences population dynamics. This has usually been implicitly assumed rather th ...
ecological differentiation between sympatric pseudocryptic species
... The ITS of 11 strains (accession numbers of these strains in Table 1 are not in bold) was cloned and sequenced earlier (Créach et al. 2006). The PCR products of the ITS were cloned in PCR II-TOPO vector TA cloning kit (Invitrogen, Breda, the Netherlands) according to the manufacturer’s instructions ...
... The ITS of 11 strains (accession numbers of these strains in Table 1 are not in bold) was cloned and sequenced earlier (Créach et al. 2006). The PCR products of the ITS were cloned in PCR II-TOPO vector TA cloning kit (Invitrogen, Breda, the Netherlands) according to the manufacturer’s instructions ...
