Effects of population-level aggregation
... minimum time-scale (one year in this study). This parameter was estimated using maximum likelihood estimation (Appendix 1). The Poisson distribution used for random placement of individuals is the limiting case of the negative-binomial as k goes to infinity (Appendix 1). This approach represents a f ...
... minimum time-scale (one year in this study). This parameter was estimated using maximum likelihood estimation (Appendix 1). The Poisson distribution used for random placement of individuals is the limiting case of the negative-binomial as k goes to infinity (Appendix 1). This approach represents a f ...
73252-05_Lecture_3e
... Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Declining interspecific competition during character displacement
... character displacement: that competition intensity should decline with time. The sticklebacks of interest inhabit small post-Pleistocene lakes of coastal southwestern British Columbia, Canada, and exhibit a pattern of morphology and ecology consistent with character displacement. Where two species a ...
... character displacement: that competition intensity should decline with time. The sticklebacks of interest inhabit small post-Pleistocene lakes of coastal southwestern British Columbia, Canada, and exhibit a pattern of morphology and ecology consistent with character displacement. Where two species a ...
Describe the principles of aquatic ecology and relate to aquaculture
... This AMAP can be accessed at http://www.nzqa.govt.nz/framework/search/index.do. Special notes ...
... This AMAP can be accessed at http://www.nzqa.govt.nz/framework/search/index.do. Special notes ...
Fluctuating resources in plant communities: a general theory of invasibility FORUM
... emphasized the importance of a variable environment in permitting exotic species to invade speciesrich communities. Johnstone (1986) proposed that `invasion is caused by the removal of a barrier that has previously excluded a plant species.' In reviewing tree invasion into old ®elds, Myster (1993) e ...
... emphasized the importance of a variable environment in permitting exotic species to invade speciesrich communities. Johnstone (1986) proposed that `invasion is caused by the removal of a barrier that has previously excluded a plant species.' In reviewing tree invasion into old ®elds, Myster (1993) e ...
- ePrints Soton
... 2000b; Swenson et al., 2000a), ecosystems are complex systems, sensitively dependent on initial conditions, and it is this that can potentially give rise to wide phenotypic variation from small variations due to sampling error when ecosystems are reproduced. This position implicitly assumes that the ...
... 2000b; Swenson et al., 2000a), ecosystems are complex systems, sensitively dependent on initial conditions, and it is this that can potentially give rise to wide phenotypic variation from small variations due to sampling error when ecosystems are reproduced. This position implicitly assumes that the ...
2. Biotic and Abiotic factors
... Abiotic factors are non-living physical and chemical factors which affect the ability of organisms to survive and reproduce. Some abiotic factors include light intensity, temperature, pH level, availability of water, oxygen/carbon dioxide levels and levels of pollution. Abiotic factors vary in the e ...
... Abiotic factors are non-living physical and chemical factors which affect the ability of organisms to survive and reproduce. Some abiotic factors include light intensity, temperature, pH level, availability of water, oxygen/carbon dioxide levels and levels of pollution. Abiotic factors vary in the e ...
THE EFFCT OF DISTANCE FROM EDGE ON THE DENSITY AND
... Biodiversity is the variety of life in an ecosystem (Wilson, 2007). An ecosystem with more biodiversity is more likely to survive drastic habitat changes, such as natural disasters. It is important that ecosystems thrive because all life depends on the ecosystems for everyday resources such as food, ...
... Biodiversity is the variety of life in an ecosystem (Wilson, 2007). An ecosystem with more biodiversity is more likely to survive drastic habitat changes, such as natural disasters. It is important that ecosystems thrive because all life depends on the ecosystems for everyday resources such as food, ...
THE EFFCT OF DISTANCE FROM EDGE ON THE DENSITY AND
... Biodiversity is the variety of life in an ecosystem (Wilson, 2007). An ecosystem with more biodiversity is more likely to survive drastic habitat changes, such as natural disasters. It is important that ecosystems thrive because all life depends on the ecosystems for everyday resources such as food, ...
... Biodiversity is the variety of life in an ecosystem (Wilson, 2007). An ecosystem with more biodiversity is more likely to survive drastic habitat changes, such as natural disasters. It is important that ecosystems thrive because all life depends on the ecosystems for everyday resources such as food, ...
Page ‹#› Human population growth
... For some time, an ageing population A much larger population, but one that seems to be slowing its growth, and may even start a slow decline within 100 yrs. With the prospect of a world population that is not growing exponentially in the future, we can begin to think about what population size the e ...
... For some time, an ageing population A much larger population, but one that seems to be slowing its growth, and may even start a slow decline within 100 yrs. With the prospect of a world population that is not growing exponentially in the future, we can begin to think about what population size the e ...
The Effect of Hydra on the Outcome of Competition Between
... ments. Both cladoceran species and the Hydra were cbonal populations (Daphnia pulex clone Wi-i) main tamed in the laboratory and originally collected in the Windsor, Ontario, area. Experiments were initiated in synthetic pond water (Hebert and Crease, 1980), but this was gradually replaced during th ...
... ments. Both cladoceran species and the Hydra were cbonal populations (Daphnia pulex clone Wi-i) main tamed in the laboratory and originally collected in the Windsor, Ontario, area. Experiments were initiated in synthetic pond water (Hebert and Crease, 1980), but this was gradually replaced during th ...
Evolution_Review_Activity
... 1. Click on the "Teaching Material" tab at the top of the page, scroll down and then click on the "Grade 9-12 Teacher's Lounge link", Click on the "Comic Strip: Survival of the Sneakiest" and then click "go to resource." Read through the comic strip about crickets and answer the following questions: ...
... 1. Click on the "Teaching Material" tab at the top of the page, scroll down and then click on the "Grade 9-12 Teacher's Lounge link", Click on the "Comic Strip: Survival of the Sneakiest" and then click "go to resource." Read through the comic strip about crickets and answer the following questions: ...
Placing biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in context
... average process rates are often higher for more species-rich assemblages (Balvanera et al. 2006; Cardinale et al. 2006), reflecting one or more of three mechanisms: niche partitioning, with process rates enhanced when the activities of species with differing niche requirements complement one another ...
... average process rates are often higher for more species-rich assemblages (Balvanera et al. 2006; Cardinale et al. 2006), reflecting one or more of three mechanisms: niche partitioning, with process rates enhanced when the activities of species with differing niche requirements complement one another ...
Plant Succession: Life History and Competition
... table 1 can be considered components of the parameter r, and many of the latesuccessional traits are associated with the parameters K and (Xi) (the effect of species j on species i in terms of the effect of species i on itself). (See Boyce 1984 and Grubb 1987 for a discussion of the variety of life ...
... table 1 can be considered components of the parameter r, and many of the latesuccessional traits are associated with the parameters K and (Xi) (the effect of species j on species i in terms of the effect of species i on itself). (See Boyce 1984 and Grubb 1987 for a discussion of the variety of life ...
Introduction
... competition and compared the structure of real communities to those generated by null model simulations. These exchanges touched off a debate in community ecology that continues today (Strong et al. 1984; Gotelli and Graves 1996; Weiher and Keddy 1999). In the context of niche overlap, the question ...
... competition and compared the structure of real communities to those generated by null model simulations. These exchanges touched off a debate in community ecology that continues today (Strong et al. 1984; Gotelli and Graves 1996; Weiher and Keddy 1999). In the context of niche overlap, the question ...
More closely related species are more ecologically similar in an
... competitive exclusion between close relatives (20). Darwin (20) argued that closely related species compete most intensely, because they have similar morphologies and niches. However, the degree to which close relatives are similar in niche is still debated (21). Some studies find evidence for phylog ...
... competitive exclusion between close relatives (20). Darwin (20) argued that closely related species compete most intensely, because they have similar morphologies and niches. However, the degree to which close relatives are similar in niche is still debated (21). Some studies find evidence for phylog ...
Evolution in Response to Direct and Indirect Effects in Pitcher Plant
... The fields of community ecology and evolution are theoretically tightly linked, but in general, community ecologists discount evolution in describing the dynamics of present-day community patterns. Yet, evolution in response to strong selection pressure might affect species interactions and alter ec ...
... The fields of community ecology and evolution are theoretically tightly linked, but in general, community ecologists discount evolution in describing the dynamics of present-day community patterns. Yet, evolution in response to strong selection pressure might affect species interactions and alter ec ...
Growth Rings in the Roots of Temperate Forbs are Robust Annual
... decade (e.g., Dietz and Ullmann, 1997, 1998; Dietz and Fattorini, 2002; Dietz and von Arx, 2005; von Arx and Dietz, 2005). The anatomical basis of annual growth increments (hereafter referred to as “annual rings”) in the roots of forbs is the formation of earlywood vessels with large lumina in sprin ...
... decade (e.g., Dietz and Ullmann, 1997, 1998; Dietz and Fattorini, 2002; Dietz and von Arx, 2005; von Arx and Dietz, 2005). The anatomical basis of annual growth increments (hereafter referred to as “annual rings”) in the roots of forbs is the formation of earlywood vessels with large lumina in sprin ...
Effects of land use on plant diversity
... and modification of the natural environment. At regional and local scales, numerous studies world-wide have examined land use and its effects on plant diversity, but evidence for declining species diversity is mixed. This is because, first, land use comes in many variations, hampering comparisons of ...
... and modification of the natural environment. At regional and local scales, numerous studies world-wide have examined land use and its effects on plant diversity, but evidence for declining species diversity is mixed. This is because, first, land use comes in many variations, hampering comparisons of ...
Biotic Interactions, Structure, and Long
... 2005), competition (Connell 1961; Menge 1976), or effect of consumers (Paine 1974; Benedetti-Cecchi et al. 2000). Local demographic processes are other important drivers of variability (e.g., Whitlatch et al. 1998). Outcomes of biotic interactions are sometimes mediated by environmental heterogeneit ...
... 2005), competition (Connell 1961; Menge 1976), or effect of consumers (Paine 1974; Benedetti-Cecchi et al. 2000). Local demographic processes are other important drivers of variability (e.g., Whitlatch et al. 1998). Outcomes of biotic interactions are sometimes mediated by environmental heterogeneit ...
Towards a trait-based quantification of species
... growth form and shoot height are plant functional response traits related to fire disturbance (Lavorel and Garnier 2002). Comparative approaches have established empirical relationships (i) between functional traits and performance currencies (e.g. Poorter and Bongers 2006; Wright and Westoby 2001; ...
... growth form and shoot height are plant functional response traits related to fire disturbance (Lavorel and Garnier 2002). Comparative approaches have established empirical relationships (i) between functional traits and performance currencies (e.g. Poorter and Bongers 2006; Wright and Westoby 2001; ...
