Population spatial structure, human
... therefore decreases overall population size. This results in a decrease in the number of dispersers available for recolonization and rescue of local populations. which further reduces overall population size. Eventually local extinctions can accumulate to regional extinctions. Habitat fragmentation ...
... therefore decreases overall population size. This results in a decrease in the number of dispersers available for recolonization and rescue of local populations. which further reduces overall population size. Eventually local extinctions can accumulate to regional extinctions. Habitat fragmentation ...
Linking modern coexistence theory and contemporary niche theory
... species is a better competitor for a different resource. Second, each species must have a r elatively greater impact on the resource it finds most limiting. Third, the supply ratio of the two resources must not disproportionately favour one species over the other. More precisely, the supply rati ...
... species is a better competitor for a different resource. Second, each species must have a r elatively greater impact on the resource it finds most limiting. Third, the supply ratio of the two resources must not disproportionately favour one species over the other. More precisely, the supply rati ...
PLASTICITY IN LIFE
... In the general case, a short development time is beneficial in nonseasonal environments because this reduces the risk of death before reproduction (116). Even stronger positive effects of a short generation time are expected in species with opportunistic life-styles and fluctuating population dynami ...
... In the general case, a short development time is beneficial in nonseasonal environments because this reduces the risk of death before reproduction (116). Even stronger positive effects of a short generation time are expected in species with opportunistic life-styles and fluctuating population dynami ...
Land-use intensification reduces functional redundancy and
... species whose ecological effects are similar, then any given species pool may be classified into Ôfunctional effect groupsÕ, based on the traits which determine these effects (Hooper et al. 2002; Lavorel & Garnier 2002). The degree of redundancy within a functional effect group is the number of spec ...
... species whose ecological effects are similar, then any given species pool may be classified into Ôfunctional effect groupsÕ, based on the traits which determine these effects (Hooper et al. 2002; Lavorel & Garnier 2002). The degree of redundancy within a functional effect group is the number of spec ...
Niche saturation reveals resource partitioning among consumers
... Similarly, species may be lumped into Ôfunctional groupsÕ where species within a grouping are thought, based on a researcherÕs prior knowledge of the system, to be more similar to one another than those outside the group. Then, functional diversity is compared with species richness as a predictor of ...
... Similarly, species may be lumped into Ôfunctional groupsÕ where species within a grouping are thought, based on a researcherÕs prior knowledge of the system, to be more similar to one another than those outside the group. Then, functional diversity is compared with species richness as a predictor of ...
Phenological Patterns of Terrestrial Plants Beverly Rathcke
... which occurs only after heavy rains that ensure establishment. Seeds will not germinate after light rains, which may be followed by drought (97). Many species require a combination of specific conditions to initiate germination. For example, some desert perennials respond to moisture only if tempera ...
... which occurs only after heavy rains that ensure establishment. Seeds will not germinate after light rains, which may be followed by drought (97). Many species require a combination of specific conditions to initiate germination. For example, some desert perennials respond to moisture only if tempera ...
Learning objectives
... 28. Explain why species richness declines along an equatorial-polar gradient. 29. Explain the significance of measures of evapotranspiration to species richness. 30. Define the species-area curve. 31. Explain how species richness on islands varies according to island size and distance from the mainl ...
... 28. Explain why species richness declines along an equatorial-polar gradient. 29. Explain the significance of measures of evapotranspiration to species richness. 30. Define the species-area curve. 31. Explain how species richness on islands varies according to island size and distance from the mainl ...
predation risk affects relative strength of top-down
... Insight into the mechanism underlying the relative susceptibility of the various sap-feeders to spider predation was gained by determining their behavioral responses to an advancing artificial spider. The escape responses of the five sap-feeders (P. marginata, P. dolus, D. penedetecta, S. aestuarium ...
... Insight into the mechanism underlying the relative susceptibility of the various sap-feeders to spider predation was gained by determining their behavioral responses to an advancing artificial spider. The escape responses of the five sap-feeders (P. marginata, P. dolus, D. penedetecta, S. aestuarium ...
View PDF
... there has been a renewed interest in and understanding of indirect interactions and their importance in the ecology of complex assemblages (reviewed by Menge, 1997). This was, of course, an older tradition dating back to Darwin’s ‘‘web of complex ‘interactions’ ’’ (Darwin, 1859). It generated some a ...
... there has been a renewed interest in and understanding of indirect interactions and their importance in the ecology of complex assemblages (reviewed by Menge, 1997). This was, of course, an older tradition dating back to Darwin’s ‘‘web of complex ‘interactions’ ’’ (Darwin, 1859). It generated some a ...
Free sample of
... Test-Bank-for-Living-in-the-Environment,-17th-Edition-G.-Tyler-Miller-9. Hawaiian honeycreepers have evolved into species with specialized niches, which has increased the competition between these species. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 5-2 What Limits the Growth of Populations? 10. There are always l ...
... Test-Bank-for-Living-in-the-Environment,-17th-Edition-G.-Tyler-Miller-9. Hawaiian honeycreepers have evolved into species with specialized niches, which has increased the competition between these species. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy TOP: 5-2 What Limits the Growth of Populations? 10. There are always l ...
A Dynamical Systems Approach to Modeling Plankton Food Web
... zooplankton. The parameter R is the amount of nutrient, P is the nutrient content of phytoplankton, and Z is the nutrient content of zooplankton. The mortality rates of the phytoplankton and the zooplankton are given by mp and mz , respectively, and T represents the period. The parameter c1 is the p ...
... zooplankton. The parameter R is the amount of nutrient, P is the nutrient content of phytoplankton, and Z is the nutrient content of zooplankton. The mortality rates of the phytoplankton and the zooplankton are given by mp and mz , respectively, and T represents the period. The parameter c1 is the p ...
The University of Chicago
... interaction webs (sensu Paine 1980; Menge 1995) composed of a species of spider carnivore, leaf-chewing generalist and specialist grasshoppers, and perennial grasses and herbs. I systematically manipulated the number of species in the interaction webs to alter the length of interaction pathways. I a ...
... interaction webs (sensu Paine 1980; Menge 1995) composed of a species of spider carnivore, leaf-chewing generalist and specialist grasshoppers, and perennial grasses and herbs. I systematically manipulated the number of species in the interaction webs to alter the length of interaction pathways. I a ...
grade 12 life sciences learner notes
... Seeds are stored in cool, dry and sterile conditions and kept at –10 to –20 ºC, which may cause damage to the DNA in some plant species. Seeds of most species remain viable for more than 100 years in these conditions. Seed banks can be used to store seeds when the crop yield is high, like mone ...
... Seeds are stored in cool, dry and sterile conditions and kept at –10 to –20 ºC, which may cause damage to the DNA in some plant species. Seeds of most species remain viable for more than 100 years in these conditions. Seed banks can be used to store seeds when the crop yield is high, like mone ...
Species richness and evenness respond in a
... evenness, or how relative abundance or biomass is distributed among species (Huston 1994; Purvis and Hector 2000; Magurran 2004). These components are combined in diversity indices (e.g., Shannon’s H¢ and Simpson’s diversity). Evenness indices standardize abundance and range from near 0 when most in ...
... evenness, or how relative abundance or biomass is distributed among species (Huston 1994; Purvis and Hector 2000; Magurran 2004). These components are combined in diversity indices (e.g., Shannon’s H¢ and Simpson’s diversity). Evenness indices standardize abundance and range from near 0 when most in ...
The relationships between net primary productivity, human
... results of this study could be compared with previous research using the same buffer distance (Brashares et al., 2001; Harcourt et al., 2001; Parks & Harcourt, 2002; Vázquez & Gaston, in press). I also calculated the mean NPP for each park (sampling grain was 4 km2) and correlated this with park si ...
... results of this study could be compared with previous research using the same buffer distance (Brashares et al., 2001; Harcourt et al., 2001; Parks & Harcourt, 2002; Vázquez & Gaston, in press). I also calculated the mean NPP for each park (sampling grain was 4 km2) and correlated this with park si ...
Phenotypic Plasticity in the Interactions and Evolution of Species
... interaction then depends on the past reciprocal responses between the individuals. In this simplified view, spatial aspects of the biotic and abiotic environment are assumed to be constant. The decomposition of the environmental component of the interaction norm into temporal (Fig. 3) and spatial as ...
... interaction then depends on the past reciprocal responses between the individuals. In this simplified view, spatial aspects of the biotic and abiotic environment are assumed to be constant. The decomposition of the environmental component of the interaction norm into temporal (Fig. 3) and spatial as ...
STRUCTURE OF ANT ASSEMBLAGES IN A MIDDLE
... National Park, Poland. The pooled mean population densities were in the range of 0.018-0.37 colonies/m2 and increased toward the last successional phase. The species diversity also increased, but there was a diversity decline in the last phase, probably as a consequence of the presence of red wood a ...
... National Park, Poland. The pooled mean population densities were in the range of 0.018-0.37 colonies/m2 and increased toward the last successional phase. The species diversity also increased, but there was a diversity decline in the last phase, probably as a consequence of the presence of red wood a ...
Phenotypic Plasticity
... interaction then depends on the past reciprocal responses between the individuals. In this simplified view, spatial aspects of the biotic and abiotic environment are assumed to be constant. The decomposition of the environmental component of the interaction norm into temporal (Fig. 3) and spatial as ...
... interaction then depends on the past reciprocal responses between the individuals. In this simplified view, spatial aspects of the biotic and abiotic environment are assumed to be constant. The decomposition of the environmental component of the interaction norm into temporal (Fig. 3) and spatial as ...
Predation (Chapter 15)
... enable individuals to obtain resources in their partitions more successfully. Selection of these characteristics (or characters) reduces competition with individuals in other partitions and leads to a divergence of features, or character displacement. ...
... enable individuals to obtain resources in their partitions more successfully. Selection of these characteristics (or characters) reduces competition with individuals in other partitions and leads to a divergence of features, or character displacement. ...
Exploring the Relationship between Abundance and
... Although there is a well developed theory and a robust understanding of the relationship ...
... Although there is a well developed theory and a robust understanding of the relationship ...
Effects of predator richness on prey suppression: a metaanalysis
... al. 2008, Byrnes and Stachwicz 2009, O’Connor and Bruno 2009, Northfield et al. 2010). All studies had a maximum species richness of between three and five (mean of 3.63). Further details of the studies can be found in Appendix B. In order to compare effects of predator richness to the effects of rich ...
... al. 2008, Byrnes and Stachwicz 2009, O’Connor and Bruno 2009, Northfield et al. 2010). All studies had a maximum species richness of between three and five (mean of 3.63). Further details of the studies can be found in Appendix B. In order to compare effects of predator richness to the effects of rich ...