Predation 2
... Failure to develop an appropriate search image without positive reinforcement. Presence of prey refugia at low densities. ...
... Failure to develop an appropriate search image without positive reinforcement. Presence of prey refugia at low densities. ...
Ecological Balances, Activity Based Foundation Course on
... Education (HBCSE) for three years since 1993. Besides providing adequate funds for the project intended for developing ‘good citizenship qualities’ among students of grades 11 and 12, the benevolence of the Late Mr. D.K. Malegamwala allowed the Centre both intellectual and economic freedom to select ...
... Education (HBCSE) for three years since 1993. Besides providing adequate funds for the project intended for developing ‘good citizenship qualities’ among students of grades 11 and 12, the benevolence of the Late Mr. D.K. Malegamwala allowed the Centre both intellectual and economic freedom to select ...
The Relative Importance of Abiotic and Biotic Factors for Seedling
... frequency and density on seedling performance when water and light are limiting. I found that each focal species distinctly influenced nitrogen availability, which is generally higher near plant canopies. I also found higher levels of nitrogen under Ambrosia dumosa compared to the other focal specie ...
... frequency and density on seedling performance when water and light are limiting. I found that each focal species distinctly influenced nitrogen availability, which is generally higher near plant canopies. I also found higher levels of nitrogen under Ambrosia dumosa compared to the other focal specie ...
SIZE RATIOS
... 5. Sexual dimorphism in body size is not important. When species are sexually dimorphic in body size, differences between the sexes have been either averaged (e.g., Schoener 1984) or ignored, by restricting the analysis to a single sex (e.g., Hines 1982). Both approaches are unsatisfactory. Averagin ...
... 5. Sexual dimorphism in body size is not important. When species are sexually dimorphic in body size, differences between the sexes have been either averaged (e.g., Schoener 1984) or ignored, by restricting the analysis to a single sex (e.g., Hines 1982). Both approaches are unsatisfactory. Averagin ...
Empirical Evidence for the Scale Dependence of Biotic Interactions
... regularly and reference peer-reviewed journal articles. For each woodpecker, we recorded all reported interactions with any other bird species as identified by the articles containing mention of the woodpecker species. We did not include interactions that occur at bird feeders because these can repr ...
... regularly and reference peer-reviewed journal articles. For each woodpecker, we recorded all reported interactions with any other bird species as identified by the articles containing mention of the woodpecker species. We did not include interactions that occur at bird feeders because these can repr ...
Desert rodent populations: factors affecting
... Abstract.— Literature concerning North American nocturnal desert rodents is reviewed to delimit current knowledge of the importance of various factors to abundance, distribution, and genetic structure. In addition, strategies for further study are suggested. Abundance: That increased rodent abundanc ...
... Abstract.— Literature concerning North American nocturnal desert rodents is reviewed to delimit current knowledge of the importance of various factors to abundance, distribution, and genetic structure. In addition, strategies for further study are suggested. Abundance: That increased rodent abundanc ...
pdf file - UNM Biology
... the magnitude of indirect pathways may fluctuate over time, because each indirect pathway involves at least one intervening species that may be influenced by extrinsic environmental variation. The granivore-dominated desert rodent communities of southwestern North America have served as a model syst ...
... the magnitude of indirect pathways may fluctuate over time, because each indirect pathway involves at least one intervening species that may be influenced by extrinsic environmental variation. The granivore-dominated desert rodent communities of southwestern North America have served as a model syst ...
successional mechanism varies along a gradient in hydrothermal
... flux), as well as species’ interactions with each other. Because it is important to distinguish between these mechanisms (e.g., Callaway and Walker 1997), we monitored both hydrothermal vent fluid flux (using temperature as a proxy; Johnson et al. 1988, 1994) and the ambient faunal community through ...
... flux), as well as species’ interactions with each other. Because it is important to distinguish between these mechanisms (e.g., Callaway and Walker 1997), we monitored both hydrothermal vent fluid flux (using temperature as a proxy; Johnson et al. 1988, 1994) and the ambient faunal community through ...
Functional traits are more variable at the intra- than inter
... and assumed that average values were sufficiently representative of each species considered. Although this approach has proven valuable in community ecology studies, plant functional traits can significantly vary at different scales, i.e. between but also within populations. The study of species fun ...
... and assumed that average values were sufficiently representative of each species considered. Although this approach has proven valuable in community ecology studies, plant functional traits can significantly vary at different scales, i.e. between but also within populations. The study of species fun ...
PHENOLOGICAL PATTERNS OF TERRESTRIAL PLANTS By
... face of unfavorable abiotic or biotic conditions (10). Therefore, the timing of germination should be under strong selection to occur when conditions will continue to be favorable for seedling establishment. Selective Factors TIME OF OCCURRENCE Several studies indicate that abiotic factors favor ge ...
... face of unfavorable abiotic or biotic conditions (10). Therefore, the timing of germination should be under strong selection to occur when conditions will continue to be favorable for seedling establishment. Selective Factors TIME OF OCCURRENCE Several studies indicate that abiotic factors favor ge ...
uncorrected page proofs
... living community and the non-living physical surroundings but also the interactions both within the community and between the community and its nonliving surroundings. We can develop an understanding of the concept of an ecosystem using an analogy with a hockey game. A hockey game has a ‘living part ...
... living community and the non-living physical surroundings but also the interactions both within the community and between the community and its nonliving surroundings. We can develop an understanding of the concept of an ecosystem using an analogy with a hockey game. A hockey game has a ‘living part ...
Benthic amphipod community in the northern
... Therefore, the larger ampeliscids, which are actually dominant, must not only live in a highly productive environment, they must also have a lower mortality rate than smaller ampeliscids. One advantage of larger size is the ability to defend limiting resources against smaller competitors. Competitiv ...
... Therefore, the larger ampeliscids, which are actually dominant, must not only live in a highly productive environment, they must also have a lower mortality rate than smaller ampeliscids. One advantage of larger size is the ability to defend limiting resources against smaller competitors. Competitiv ...
THE SHIFTING IMPORTANCE OF COMPETITION AND FACILITATION ALONG
... satisfaction and accomplishment. Then, I went up to my lab to join my lab mate Katie Barry, and we celebrated. With tequila. And probably cried some more. One of the things about me is that the process of pushing past my limits stresses me out. And this brings me to the brink of my own vulnerabilit ...
... satisfaction and accomplishment. Then, I went up to my lab to join my lab mate Katie Barry, and we celebrated. With tequila. And probably cried some more. One of the things about me is that the process of pushing past my limits stresses me out. And this brings me to the brink of my own vulnerabilit ...
Analysis of adaptive foraging in an intraguild predation system
... assume that basal prey do not exhibit adaptive foraging behavior, meaning the presence of predators does not alter their foraging behavior. This assumption is reasonable when the basal prey are sessile or not very vigilant (e.g. Okuyama 2002). The foraging effort of intermediate predators is denoted ...
... assume that basal prey do not exhibit adaptive foraging behavior, meaning the presence of predators does not alter their foraging behavior. This assumption is reasonable when the basal prey are sessile or not very vigilant (e.g. Okuyama 2002). The foraging effort of intermediate predators is denoted ...
Phylogenetic diversity stabilizes community
... added ~200 individuals of each species that were not detected in its microcosms weekly. Between Week 6 and 7, we added ~200 individuals of each protist species weekly to each of its belonging microcosms, regardless of whether it went extinct or not. This simulates species dispersal that buffers spec ...
... added ~200 individuals of each species that were not detected in its microcosms weekly. Between Week 6 and 7, we added ~200 individuals of each protist species weekly to each of its belonging microcosms, regardless of whether it went extinct or not. This simulates species dispersal that buffers spec ...
International Capital vs. Local Population: The Environmental Conflict
... Pollution from mining can be controlled by technology. However, the total amount of effluents can be reduced only if material removal diminishes. Instead, most of the time, water or air pollution is reduced by “storing” pollutants in special places. When natural environmental variations or human er ...
... Pollution from mining can be controlled by technology. However, the total amount of effluents can be reduced only if material removal diminishes. Instead, most of the time, water or air pollution is reduced by “storing” pollutants in special places. When natural environmental variations or human er ...
Does plant trait plasticity explain the relative competitive ability of
... in order to increase the production (Güsewell, 2004). Plant species which are N-‐ limited obtain maximal production by increasing N supply, while for P-‐limited species maximal production is obt ...
... in order to increase the production (Güsewell, 2004). Plant species which are N-‐ limited obtain maximal production by increasing N supply, while for P-‐limited species maximal production is obt ...
Using the functional response of a consumer to predict biotic L
... response) and used these to estimate NZMS per capita mortality rates due to crayfish predation. We combined these estimates with field-based estimates of NZMS fecundity rates derived from the literature to forecast the probability of observing NZMS invasion vs. crayfishmediated biotic resistance over a ...
... response) and used these to estimate NZMS per capita mortality rates due to crayfish predation. We combined these estimates with field-based estimates of NZMS fecundity rates derived from the literature to forecast the probability of observing NZMS invasion vs. crayfishmediated biotic resistance over a ...
Comparative Cryptogam Ecology: A Review of Bryophyte and
... climate have strong impacts on biogeochemistry (see Fig. 1, left section), we shall exclude from our discussion those traits that are principally linked to the latter factors rather than directly to biogeochemistry. These exclusions involve many of the morphological traits that have been well docume ...
... climate have strong impacts on biogeochemistry (see Fig. 1, left section), we shall exclude from our discussion those traits that are principally linked to the latter factors rather than directly to biogeochemistry. These exclusions involve many of the morphological traits that have been well docume ...
Address
... were conducted within the nonnative range of Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King and H. Robinson at the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (21°560′ N, 101°150′ E; 570 m altitude) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences located in Mengla County, Yunnan Province, southwest China. An outdoor common gar ...
... were conducted within the nonnative range of Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King and H. Robinson at the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (21°560′ N, 101°150′ E; 570 m altitude) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences located in Mengla County, Yunnan Province, southwest China. An outdoor common gar ...
Diversity and ecosystem functioning: Litter decomposition
... Another approach was used to examine additive and nonadditive effects of species loss following the method suggested by Ball et al. (2008). For this, a GLM (type I) sum of squares with litter disappearance as the dependent variable was used. We sequentially included time, block and the presence/abse ...
... Another approach was used to examine additive and nonadditive effects of species loss following the method suggested by Ball et al. (2008). For this, a GLM (type I) sum of squares with litter disappearance as the dependent variable was used. We sequentially included time, block and the presence/abse ...
Precipitation and aridity index regulating spatial patterns of
... analyze the relationship among environment factors, as shown in Table 1. As a result, annual mean ...
... analyze the relationship among environment factors, as shown in Table 1. As a result, annual mean ...
Models of a four-species annual weed community : growth
... models built from theory that explain how systems ought to work. My approach is explanatory; therefore, I look for ecological theory that provides a framework to predict community dynamics in agricultural systems. Weed associations are a special type of plant community. Once key life-history process ...
... models built from theory that explain how systems ought to work. My approach is explanatory; therefore, I look for ecological theory that provides a framework to predict community dynamics in agricultural systems. Weed associations are a special type of plant community. Once key life-history process ...