Module 7: The Central Dogma
... • Primary structure: The sequence of amino acids • Secondary structure: The local shape (helix, coil or sheet) • Ter=ary structure: The global 3D shape • Quaternary structure: How proteins form groups ...
... • Primary structure: The sequence of amino acids • Secondary structure: The local shape (helix, coil or sheet) • Ter=ary structure: The global 3D shape • Quaternary structure: How proteins form groups ...
Biologists have learned to manipulate DNA
... II. DNA technology and frontiers of research in biology A. Human genome- map of all humans genes was completed by 2000 1. Other organisms sequenced: fruit fly, yeast, E. coli, or rice plant B. Uses 1. Improve food nutrition 2. Help us understand how our genes work from others 13.2 Biologists can eng ...
... II. DNA technology and frontiers of research in biology A. Human genome- map of all humans genes was completed by 2000 1. Other organisms sequenced: fruit fly, yeast, E. coli, or rice plant B. Uses 1. Improve food nutrition 2. Help us understand how our genes work from others 13.2 Biologists can eng ...
Review of Advanced DNA Structure and Function PPT
... the reading frame by initiating protein synthesis ...
... the reading frame by initiating protein synthesis ...
What is your DNA Alias
... enzymes and organelles in your cells. A group of three is called a codon. DNA contains the information that is needed by your body to make proteins. The different proteins have specific functions, such as making our hearts, hair, eyes, and ears. The building blocks of proteins are called amino acids ...
... enzymes and organelles in your cells. A group of three is called a codon. DNA contains the information that is needed by your body to make proteins. The different proteins have specific functions, such as making our hearts, hair, eyes, and ears. The building blocks of proteins are called amino acids ...
Gene Expression
... the RNA introns and splice together the exons to form the true mRNA, which moves out of the nucleus and is translated on the ribosomes. ...
... the RNA introns and splice together the exons to form the true mRNA, which moves out of the nucleus and is translated on the ribosomes. ...
1) Lecture notes: effects of bile salts on cholesterol metabolism
... Doubles the amount of DNA After about 40 cycles, there is enough DNA to visualize with simple ethidium bromide fluorescence on a gel. Newer methods (Sybr Green, etc) measure the formation of the product right within the PCR machine. We do that now in Weed Hall and other labs (called real-time PCR). ...
... Doubles the amount of DNA After about 40 cycles, there is enough DNA to visualize with simple ethidium bromide fluorescence on a gel. Newer methods (Sybr Green, etc) measure the formation of the product right within the PCR machine. We do that now in Weed Hall and other labs (called real-time PCR). ...
No Slide Title
... chromosome pairs are pulled away from each other towards opposite ends of the cell Anaphase II: sister chromatids are split apart at the centromere and move to the opposite pole. ...
... chromosome pairs are pulled away from each other towards opposite ends of the cell Anaphase II: sister chromatids are split apart at the centromere and move to the opposite pole. ...
Part I. Transcription
... Prokaryotes lack a membrane-‐bound ________________ , so transcription and translation can occur _____________________ in the cytoplasm. ...
... Prokaryotes lack a membrane-‐bound ________________ , so transcription and translation can occur _____________________ in the cytoplasm. ...
Genetics & Heredity Unit Review
... Pedigrees are used to track inherited traits through several genera- ...
... Pedigrees are used to track inherited traits through several genera- ...
What Do Genes Look Like? - Effingham County Schools
... IV. 2 types of mutations A. Gene Mutations (#1) - changes in a single gene. 2 types of gene mutations1. Point mutations- affect only one nucleotide *Can be caused by substitutions 2. Frameshift mutations - type of point mutation where nucleotide is inserted or ...
... IV. 2 types of mutations A. Gene Mutations (#1) - changes in a single gene. 2 types of gene mutations1. Point mutations- affect only one nucleotide *Can be caused by substitutions 2. Frameshift mutations - type of point mutation where nucleotide is inserted or ...
E. Coli
... (DNA). i.e. the act of putting foreign DNA into a bacterial cell Occurs in nature, but rarely If the foreign DNA has an origin of replication recognized by the host cell DNA polymerases, the bacteria will replicate the foreign DNA along with their own DNA. ...
... (DNA). i.e. the act of putting foreign DNA into a bacterial cell Occurs in nature, but rarely If the foreign DNA has an origin of replication recognized by the host cell DNA polymerases, the bacteria will replicate the foreign DNA along with their own DNA. ...
modification of gene expression
... • Double helix - structure of the DNA molecule • DNA molecule consists of 2 strands that wind around each other like a twisted ladder • 3 primary components • Nucleotides • Sugar phosphate backbone • Hydrogen bonds ...
... • Double helix - structure of the DNA molecule • DNA molecule consists of 2 strands that wind around each other like a twisted ladder • 3 primary components • Nucleotides • Sugar phosphate backbone • Hydrogen bonds ...
Topic 2: Molecular biology (21 hours)
... • Application: Denaturation of proteins by heat or by deviation of pH from the optimum. • Skill: Drawing molecular diagrams to show the formation of a peptide bond. Guidance: • The detailed structure of the six proteins selected to illustrate the functions of proteins is not needed. • Egg white or a ...
... • Application: Denaturation of proteins by heat or by deviation of pH from the optimum. • Skill: Drawing molecular diagrams to show the formation of a peptide bond. Guidance: • The detailed structure of the six proteins selected to illustrate the functions of proteins is not needed. • Egg white or a ...
transcription
... of the MC1R protein. (C) A substitution of thymine for cystosine at position 199 of the mc1r gene nucleotide sequence. (D) The failure of melanocytes to lay down melanin pigment in the cortex of hairs of the lighter colored ...
... of the MC1R protein. (C) A substitution of thymine for cystosine at position 199 of the mc1r gene nucleotide sequence. (D) The failure of melanocytes to lay down melanin pigment in the cortex of hairs of the lighter colored ...
the 3
... You begin at the right, which are the smallest DNA fragments. The sequence that you read will be in the 5'-3' direction. This sequence will be exactly the same as the RNA that would be generated to encode a protein. The difference is that the T bases in DNA will be replaced by U residues. As an exam ...
... You begin at the right, which are the smallest DNA fragments. The sequence that you read will be in the 5'-3' direction. This sequence will be exactly the same as the RNA that would be generated to encode a protein. The difference is that the T bases in DNA will be replaced by U residues. As an exam ...
Nucleotides
... Regulatory compounds for many pathways of intermediary metabolism Purine and pyrimidine bases can be synthesized de novo, or obtained through salvage pathways ...
... Regulatory compounds for many pathways of intermediary metabolism Purine and pyrimidine bases can be synthesized de novo, or obtained through salvage pathways ...
Simulating Protein Synthesis and RNA Interference in the
... The students represent the active portions of the protein synthesis pathway, whether it be proteins or RNA. The paper represents information carried either in the DNA or the mRNA and contains the instructions for the creation of specific proteins. The teacher represents the RNA silencing protein com ...
... The students represent the active portions of the protein synthesis pathway, whether it be proteins or RNA. The paper represents information carried either in the DNA or the mRNA and contains the instructions for the creation of specific proteins. The teacher represents the RNA silencing protein com ...
Manipulating DNA extracting and studying DNA
... used to make many copies of a desired gene. Steps to PCR 1. DNA strands are separated by heating. 2. Short pieces of DNA, called primers, are attached to the DNA strands to prepare a place for DNA polymerase to start copying. 3. These copies serve as templates for more copies. ...
... used to make many copies of a desired gene. Steps to PCR 1. DNA strands are separated by heating. 2. Short pieces of DNA, called primers, are attached to the DNA strands to prepare a place for DNA polymerase to start copying. 3. These copies serve as templates for more copies. ...
The Molecular - MolGen | RuG
... substance was not known. Griffith called the phenomenon transformation, now defined as a change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell. (This use of the word transformation should not be confused with the conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous one, dis ...
... substance was not known. Griffith called the phenomenon transformation, now defined as a change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell. (This use of the word transformation should not be confused with the conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous one, dis ...
Unit VII Study Guide
... 8. Chromosomal mutation in which order of DNA nucleotides is altered 9. Highly compacted DNA; not expressed 10. Variations in a single nucleotide; used as markers in genetic testing 11. Proteins that bind to DNA based on charge attraction 12. Gene mutation; type of substitution mutation which result ...
... 8. Chromosomal mutation in which order of DNA nucleotides is altered 9. Highly compacted DNA; not expressed 10. Variations in a single nucleotide; used as markers in genetic testing 11. Proteins that bind to DNA based on charge attraction 12. Gene mutation; type of substitution mutation which result ...
Biotechnology toolkit part 1 File
... Step 1: isolate the DNA from the rest of the cell This is done by mechanically breaking the cells open, then using detergents and enzymes to break down the cell walls and membranes. The detergents also break down the nuclear membrane releasing the DNA. Step 2: remove the unwanted cell debris This is ...
... Step 1: isolate the DNA from the rest of the cell This is done by mechanically breaking the cells open, then using detergents and enzymes to break down the cell walls and membranes. The detergents also break down the nuclear membrane releasing the DNA. Step 2: remove the unwanted cell debris This is ...
Nucleic acid analogue
Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.