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Chapter 2 Chemistry
Chapter 2 Chemistry

... XIX. Nucleic Acids – DNA and RNA A. Nucleic acids – composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. nitrogen, phosphorus – large molecules 1. DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid, genetic instructions within the cells passed (copied) from one generation to another – composed of two strands of nucleotides joined togeth ...
Biology 303 EXAM II 3/14/00 NAME
Biology 303 EXAM II 3/14/00 NAME

... C. They cut the sequenced DNA at specific sites. D. They stop synthesis at a specific site, so the base at that site can be determined. ...
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this certificate as PDF

... This certificate is issued based on tests performed on DNA samples to PiGen by accredited veterinarians and/or FCI officials appointed by the persons that confirmed, on the date of DNA sampling, to be the respective owners of the pigeons with the ringnumbers mentioned in this certificate. ...
STR DNA Typing: Increased Sensitivity and Efficient Sample
STR DNA Typing: Increased Sensitivity and Efficient Sample

Transcription and translation ppt
Transcription and translation ppt

Exempt Dealings
Exempt Dealings

... 2) A dealing with a genetically modified Caenorhabditis elegans, unless: (a) an advantage is conferred on the animal by the genetic modification; or (b) as a result of the genetic modification, the animal is capable of secreting or producing an infectious agent. 3) A dealing with an animal into whic ...
14-3 The First Life Forms
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... • RNA shapes require hydrogen bonds between amino acids • It has been speculated that some RNA molecules might behave like proteins and catalyze chemical reactions. ...
Genome Structure - Pennsylvania State University
Genome Structure - Pennsylvania State University

... – Many biological problems now have finite (albeit complex) solutions. – New era will see an even greater interaction among these three disciplines ...
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Intelligent Design vs. Dumb Accident?

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... basepair is shown on the right. (6 pts) a) What type of amino acid is residue 18? b) Residue 18 is interacting with this basepair by H-bonds. Indicate potential H-bonds between residue 18 and the basepair. c) How would the interaction between the protein and the DNA change if the TA basepair was rep ...
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Manipulation DNA

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Answers-pg-294 - WordPress.com
Answers-pg-294 - WordPress.com

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S. cerevisiae Positive Control Primer Set ACT1

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Genetics SHOW
Genetics SHOW

... 1) DNA is found inside the Nucleus of our cells. 2) DNA makes a single stranded copy of itself. This is called RNA. 3) RNA is similar to DNA, containing 4 base pairs, with one different letter (U instead of T) 4) This RNA moves out of the nucleus (called messenger RNA or mRNA) 5) mRNA travels to the ...
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... immobilization of fragments to a solid support in the post-Sanger sequencing techniques? Comparing this figure to 18.4, the major difference is that the Sanger steps of gel electrophoresis and cloning are replaced by PCR and immobilization, which results in a process that is much faster and less exp ...
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... Mutations can arise in a number of ways. Errors during DNA replication or recombination can lead to nucleotide-pair substitutions, insertions, or deletions, as well as to mutations affecting longer stretches of DNA. If an incorrect nucleotide is added to a growing chain during replication, for exampl ...
Mendelian Genetics
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Cell Membrane

... DNA is arranged in a double helix – has 2 strands and twists like a ladder Replication – process in which DNA makes a copy of itself – it unzips and free bases attach following the base pair rule. DNA holds the code for the making of proteins needed for life. Three bases in a row is a codon that cod ...
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GM Foods and DNA - College of Computer, Mathematical, and

... each part onto construction paper seven times. (Note: a discussion of the components of nucleotides - sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base - is appropriate here) 7. Each group will have 28 model parts and then ask them to label each part with its correct letter (A, T, C, G) and cut out the 28 model ...
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... Gene – a section of DNA on a chromosome that contains the genetic code of a protein Nitrogenous base – an important component of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), composed of one of two nitrogen-containing rings; forms the critical hydrogen bonds between opposing strands of a double helix Base pair – the ...
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... • This sequence specificity means that treatment of a DNA molecule with a restriction enzyme should always produce the same set of fragments. • This is not always the case with genomic DNA molecules because some restriction sites exist as two alleles, one allele displaying the correct sequence for t ...
DNA Structure, Function and Replication 1
DNA Structure, Function and Replication 1

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Nucleic acid analogue



Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.
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