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Highly precise and developmentally programmed genome
Highly precise and developmentally programmed genome

... expression but is destroyed at each sexual cycle, while the germline micronucleus (MIC) undergoes meiosis and transmits its genome to the zygotic nucleus. New MICs and MACs of sexual progeny differentiate from copies of the zygotic nucleus and extensive genome rearrangements take place in the new MA ...
USMLE Step 1 - Becker Professional Education
USMLE Step 1 - Becker Professional Education

... of State Medical Boards (FSMB) and National Board of Medical Examiners® (NBME®). United States Medical Licensing Examination, USMLE, National Board of Medical Examiners, and NBME are registered trademarks of the National Board of Medical Examiners. The National Board of Medical Examiners does not sp ...
Improved RP-HPLC and anion-exchange chromatography methods
Improved RP-HPLC and anion-exchange chromatography methods

... baseline separation between arabinose and galactosamine and between mannose and xylose can be achieved with the CarboPac PA 1 columns. The co-elution of mannose and xylose on the CarboPac PA 10 (Jahnel et al., 1998; Guignard et al., 2005; DeRuiter et al., 1992; Borch and Kirchman, 1997) is unfavorab ...
Lab (3) Report: Population Genetics
Lab (3) Report: Population Genetics

... Discussion: Why did we get such results? Reiterating my genotypic results which are present in Figure 1 of the Results section, I am homozygous recessive as I have only a single band. There is no difference between my digested and undigested samples as the effect of HaeIII was the same. This is con ...
Screening the Incorporation of Amino Acids into an Inorganic
Screening the Incorporation of Amino Acids into an Inorganic

... amino acids in the protein sequences are responsible for this incorporation and facilitate it? In this study we took a reductionist approach in which we mapped all the amino acids in terms of their incorporation into calcite, using high-resolution synchrotron powder diffraction and analytical chemis ...
Cloning and analysis of the mobile element gypsy from D. virilis
Cloning and analysis of the mobile element gypsy from D. virilis

... The percent of the identity of the amino acid sequences of different genes cloned from D. melanogaster and D. virilis vary from 60% to more than 80% (16-23). Our finding of the active gypsy element in D. virilis with the degree of amino acid identity comparable to that of the 'usual' genes suggests ...
Sequence Information Encoded in DNA that May Influence Long
Sequence Information Encoded in DNA that May Influence Long

... completely lacked signals were also identified. These results are available in Table S2. Signal-rich clusters of size greater than 5 consecutive overlapping windows (300 kb) were allowed to contain one gap. For example: 5/6, 6/7, 7/8, etc. signals per group of overlapping 100 kb windows or better we ...
Mader 11 ch 3 Chemistry of Organic Molecules Part 2
Mader 11 ch 3 Chemistry of Organic Molecules Part 2

... – structure initiates a series of events within the cells that results in the increased uptake of glucose into the cells, where it is converted into metabolic energy or stored as glycogen and fat. ...
SYBR Green with low ROX
SYBR Green with low ROX

Chapter 19 - Evangel University
Chapter 19 - Evangel University

... • While there is some NADPH produced by this means, its principal source is the pentose phosphate pathway • The anabolic reactions that produce amino acids and many other biomolecules begin with TCA cycle molecules that are transported into the cytosol ...
JNK1 plays an important part in this process provides an
JNK1 plays an important part in this process provides an

... substrate RNA. Apparently, Cbf5 can function without these appendages because it associates with other proteins and interacts indirectly with its substrates via its H/ACA RNA. In addition to its catalytic domain, Cbf5 contains a C-terminal pseudouridylase archaeosine tRNA-guanine transglycosylase (P ...
Phenylobacterium immobile gen. nov. sp. nov. a Gram
Phenylobacterium immobile gen. nov. sp. nov. a Gram

... negative. The nutritional spectrum is extraordinarily limited, with optimal growth on chloridazon, antipyrin, pyramidon, and L-phenylalanine. Most sugars, alcohols, amino and carboxylic acids, and ordinary complex media are not utilized. The bacteria are osmotically sensitive. They are a serological ...
Investigating the DNA-Binding Interactions of Small
Investigating the DNA-Binding Interactions of Small

... Cancer is one the leading causes of death in the United States. Researchers have focused on designing and developing therapeutics aimed at DNA in order to treat cancer and other disorders. In this dissertation, the DNA-binding interactions of small organic molecules were investigated. We developed a ...
Peptide fragmentation - University of Szeged, Department of
Peptide fragmentation - University of Szeged, Department of

... kinds of MS/MS experiment, other than ECD. There are some satellite fragments that are characteristic to high energy CID, though w-ions (definitions below) also have been observed in HECD experiments [25, 46], as well as in conventional ECD data for some peptides [46]. HECD of renin substrate also y ...
Stage-specific expressions of four different ribonuclease H genes in
Stage-specific expressions of four different ribonuclease H genes in

Question bank in Biology class XII
Question bank in Biology class XII

... SET-II (Repeated 1-2 times) 1. What is meant by withdrawal symptoms ? 2. Give scientific name of two helminthes that are pathogene to man . 3. What is incubatiuon period ? how long it is for AIDS virus ? 4. Name and explain the two types of immune responses in humans . 5. Name the two special types ...
Lecture 35 - Lipid Metabolism 1
Lecture 35 - Lipid Metabolism 1

What is PCR? - Cobb Learning
What is PCR? - Cobb Learning

... sequence in a relatively short period of time ...
Extracting Haplotypes from Diploid Organisms
Extracting Haplotypes from Diploid Organisms

... will be compared and discussed. This is then followed by a specific example on how the direct approach was used to obtain haplotype information to address several fundamental biological questions of a human pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans. I will conclude with a brief summary and future per ...
Isolation of Vibrio harveyi Acyl Carrier Protein and the fabG, acpP
Isolation of Vibrio harveyi Acyl Carrier Protein and the fabG, acpP

2 - Science
2 - Science

... A superscript plus or minus sign following the symbol of an element indicates an ion. A single plus sign indicates a cation with a charge of 1. (The original atom has lost one electron.) A single minus sign indicates an anion with a charge of 1. (The original atom has gained one electron.) If more ...
A Mutation Causing Reduced Biological Activity and Stability of
A Mutation Causing Reduced Biological Activity and Stability of

... substitution on T4 binding and TBG stability. We believe that it is more likely that the properties of TBG-Gary are due to the presence of the additional carbohydrate, possibly by altering the secondary or tertiary structure of the protein. This interpretation is supported by our previous observatio ...
Molecular Biology and Applied Genetics
Molecular Biology and Applied Genetics

... health institutions. It can also be used in teaching any introductory course on medical Applied Genetics and Molecular Biology and as a reference material. This lecture note is specifically designed for medical laboratory technologists, and includes only those areas of molecular cell biology and App ...
Ultraviolet Induction of Chromosome Transfer by
Ultraviolet Induction of Chromosome Transfer by

... Ultraviolet irradiation of Escherichia coli K 12 bacteria, carrying an autonomous F factor or an F-prime factor, enhances the fertility of the population by increasing the number of cells which can transfer the bacterial chromosome. In contrast, under similar conditions the fertility of irradiated H ...
Sperm Cell in ART
Sperm Cell in ART

... development. Through evolution protamines have increased the number of positively charged residues. These positively charged residues create highly condensed complex with DNA. The protamine 1 is synthesized as a mature protein and protamine 2 as a precursor and protamine 1 and 2 differ from each oth ...
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Nucleic acid analogue



Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.
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