Transcription in Prokaryotes
... 8 A:T base pairs. The resulting RNA forms a stem-loop structure, which disrupts the elongation complex. A stretch of A:U base pairs in the DNA/RNA hybrid are weaker than other base pairs and are more easily disrupted as a consequence of stem loop formation. Rho dependent termination: terminators are ...
... 8 A:T base pairs. The resulting RNA forms a stem-loop structure, which disrupts the elongation complex. A stretch of A:U base pairs in the DNA/RNA hybrid are weaker than other base pairs and are more easily disrupted as a consequence of stem loop formation. Rho dependent termination: terminators are ...
Checkpoints
... Square: arrest with MBC, release and X-ray Triangle: arrest with MBC, x-ray and hold in MBC for 4 hr ...
... Square: arrest with MBC, release and X-ray Triangle: arrest with MBC, x-ray and hold in MBC for 4 hr ...
tRNA - ISE
... Release factors bind to the ribosome at the A-site causing H2O to be added to the growing peptide chain, releasing it from attachment with the tRNA. ...
... Release factors bind to the ribosome at the A-site causing H2O to be added to the growing peptide chain, releasing it from attachment with the tRNA. ...
Protein Synthesis
... must be read so amino acids can be assembled to make polypeptides (proteins) • This process is called ...
... must be read so amino acids can be assembled to make polypeptides (proteins) • This process is called ...
Chpt2_Struc_Nucleic_Acids.doc
... mice (Fig. 2.1.A.). Smooth (S) strains produce a capsular polysaccharide on their surface, which allow the Pneumococi to escape destruction by the mouse, and the infection proceeds, i.e. they are virulent. This polysaccaride can be type I, II, or III. Virulent S strains can be killed by heat (i.e., ...
... mice (Fig. 2.1.A.). Smooth (S) strains produce a capsular polysaccharide on their surface, which allow the Pneumococi to escape destruction by the mouse, and the infection proceeds, i.e. they are virulent. This polysaccaride can be type I, II, or III. Virulent S strains can be killed by heat (i.e., ...
Longest Common Subsequence Assignment
... Computers execute machine code, a series of 0’s and 1’s. The machine code for living organisms is DNA, a sequence of four nucleotides: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. Machine code and DNA are very similar in theoretical structure. Thus, a technique that is useful in computer science can als ...
... Computers execute machine code, a series of 0’s and 1’s. The machine code for living organisms is DNA, a sequence of four nucleotides: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. Machine code and DNA are very similar in theoretical structure. Thus, a technique that is useful in computer science can als ...
Ecology Review Science Department
... 15. Benedict’s solution. How does it work? In the presence of a MONOSACCHARIDE and HEAT, it changes from BLUE to RED/ORANGE. ...
... 15. Benedict’s solution. How does it work? In the presence of a MONOSACCHARIDE and HEAT, it changes from BLUE to RED/ORANGE. ...
Chapter 16 Recombination DNA and Genetic Engineering
... • Even after a desired gene has been isolated and amplified, it may not be translated into functional protein by the bacteria because introns (noncoding regions) are still present. • Researchers minimize this problem by using cDNA, which is made from “mature mRNA transcripts. ...
... • Even after a desired gene has been isolated and amplified, it may not be translated into functional protein by the bacteria because introns (noncoding regions) are still present. • Researchers minimize this problem by using cDNA, which is made from “mature mRNA transcripts. ...
Decoding DNA - Children`s Medical Research Institute
... 3. While students are working on the code, write the letters A to Z in a column or two on the left hand side of the board. Leave room after each letter for students to write or draw the matching code next to it. 4. If students need some help, a few clues can be given, –e.g. a space between words is ...
... 3. While students are working on the code, write the letters A to Z in a column or two on the left hand side of the board. Leave room after each letter for students to write or draw the matching code next to it. 4. If students need some help, a few clues can be given, –e.g. a space between words is ...
DNA Technology
... Farm animals that are genetically altered to synthesize marketable proteins. Mice that urinate human growth hormone (HGH) Goats that produce the malaria antigen for use in ...
... Farm animals that are genetically altered to synthesize marketable proteins. Mice that urinate human growth hormone (HGH) Goats that produce the malaria antigen for use in ...
dna replication - MacWilliams Biology
... 1. The tips of chromosomes are known as telomeres. 2. Particularly difficult to copy. 3. Over time, DNA may actually be lost from telomeres each time a chromosome is replicated. 4. Enzyme called telomerase compensates for this problem by adding short, repeated DNA sequences to telomeres lengthens ...
... 1. The tips of chromosomes are known as telomeres. 2. Particularly difficult to copy. 3. Over time, DNA may actually be lost from telomeres each time a chromosome is replicated. 4. Enzyme called telomerase compensates for this problem by adding short, repeated DNA sequences to telomeres lengthens ...
lecture4(GS351)
... • Switches control transcription (which take the form of DNA sequence) - Called regulatory elements (RE’s) or enhancers - Adjoin the promoter region, but can be quite distant • Regulators, which take the form of proteins that bind the DNA, operate the switches - Called transcription factors (TF’s) • ...
... • Switches control transcription (which take the form of DNA sequence) - Called regulatory elements (RE’s) or enhancers - Adjoin the promoter region, but can be quite distant • Regulators, which take the form of proteins that bind the DNA, operate the switches - Called transcription factors (TF’s) • ...
Polyamines and other charged amines bind to RNA by hydrogen
... proposed models for spermine and spermidine, NH 2 (CH 2 ) NH(CH2) NH2,binding to DNA in which phosphate groups interact with each positively charged amino group, the tetramethylene portion of the polyamine bridges the narrow (minor) groove of the helix between the two strands and the trimethylene po ...
... proposed models for spermine and spermidine, NH 2 (CH 2 ) NH(CH2) NH2,binding to DNA in which phosphate groups interact with each positively charged amino group, the tetramethylene portion of the polyamine bridges the narrow (minor) groove of the helix between the two strands and the trimethylene po ...
on-chip
... is a powerful tool to map target protein DNA binding sites across entire genomes or within biologically important regions such as promoters. This method is used to map chromatin structure and DNA binding sites of transcription factors andpolymerases. Methylated DNA regions are accurately mapped us ...
... is a powerful tool to map target protein DNA binding sites across entire genomes or within biologically important regions such as promoters. This method is used to map chromatin structure and DNA binding sites of transcription factors andpolymerases. Methylated DNA regions are accurately mapped us ...
Fall Final Review - Answer Key
... 72. sex cells (Sperm and egg) 73. A zygote is a diploid cell formed when the nucleus of an egg and the nucleus of a sperm fuse. 74. Fertilization is the process of an egg cell and sperm cell joining together to form a zygote. 75. Growth, tumor Chapter 12: DNA 76. Double helix 77. to carry genes from ...
... 72. sex cells (Sperm and egg) 73. A zygote is a diploid cell formed when the nucleus of an egg and the nucleus of a sperm fuse. 74. Fertilization is the process of an egg cell and sperm cell joining together to form a zygote. 75. Growth, tumor Chapter 12: DNA 76. Double helix 77. to carry genes from ...
QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit Protocol
... increases the yield of DNA fragments <500 bp and >4 kb. For DNA fragments between 500 bp and 4 kb, addition of isopropanol has no effect on yield. Do not centrifuge the sample at this stage. 6) Place a QIAquick spin column in a provided 2 ml collection tube. 7) To bind DNA, apply the sample to the Q ...
... increases the yield of DNA fragments <500 bp and >4 kb. For DNA fragments between 500 bp and 4 kb, addition of isopropanol has no effect on yield. Do not centrifuge the sample at this stage. 6) Place a QIAquick spin column in a provided 2 ml collection tube. 7) To bind DNA, apply the sample to the Q ...
DNA RNA ppt
... Operon – A group of genes that operate together Lac Operon = operon expressed in E. coli to use the ...
... Operon – A group of genes that operate together Lac Operon = operon expressed in E. coli to use the ...
File - Personal FSU Notes
... 12.4 Eukaryotes: DNA Is Organized into Chromatin • Nucleosomes are condensed several times to form the intact chromatids • The DNA in a human cell would be ~2 meters long if it were “unwound”. • The nucleus is 5-10 mm (5 x 10-6 m) in diameter • Eukaryotic chromosomes are complexed into a nucleoprot ...
... 12.4 Eukaryotes: DNA Is Organized into Chromatin • Nucleosomes are condensed several times to form the intact chromatids • The DNA in a human cell would be ~2 meters long if it were “unwound”. • The nucleus is 5-10 mm (5 x 10-6 m) in diameter • Eukaryotic chromosomes are complexed into a nucleoprot ...
BIOL 303 Cell Biology Test preparation questionnaire # 1
... 20. Cite examples of cellular differentiation among the prokaryotes. 21. Cite examples of cellular differentiation among the eukaryotes. ...
... 20. Cite examples of cellular differentiation among the prokaryotes. 21. Cite examples of cellular differentiation among the eukaryotes. ...
Nucleic acid analogue
Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.