Prokaryotic orthologues of mitochondrial alternative oxidase and plastid terminal oxidase
... We examined the level of sequence similarity between AOX and PTOX proteins with a large set of sequences that included many newly found eukaryotic proteins and, most importantly, the recently found prokaryotic proteins. Both AOX and PTOX are thought to contain a diiron carboxylate centre in their ac ...
... We examined the level of sequence similarity between AOX and PTOX proteins with a large set of sequences that included many newly found eukaryotic proteins and, most importantly, the recently found prokaryotic proteins. Both AOX and PTOX are thought to contain a diiron carboxylate centre in their ac ...
Iron mediated methylthiolation of tRNA as a regulator of operon
... extract from the bacteria grown in broth containing ovotransferrin, however, incorporated nearly twice this amount, 70 pp moles per 150 pi volume. The results were consistent in that extracts from the ovotransferrin grown cells were always slightly more active with MS2 RNA than those from the iron r ...
... extract from the bacteria grown in broth containing ovotransferrin, however, incorporated nearly twice this amount, 70 pp moles per 150 pi volume. The results were consistent in that extracts from the ovotransferrin grown cells were always slightly more active with MS2 RNA than those from the iron r ...
AFLUID June 47/6 - AJP
... was measured by spectrophotometry. For first-strand synthesis, 10 ng/µl of total RNA from podocytes were mixed in 13 RT buffer and completed with 0.5 mM dNTP, 10 µM random hexanucleotide primer, 10 mM dithiothreitol, 0.02 U RNAse inhibitor/ng RNA, and 100 U Moloney murine leukemia virus RT/µg RNA (R ...
... was measured by spectrophotometry. For first-strand synthesis, 10 ng/µl of total RNA from podocytes were mixed in 13 RT buffer and completed with 0.5 mM dNTP, 10 µM random hexanucleotide primer, 10 mM dithiothreitol, 0.02 U RNAse inhibitor/ng RNA, and 100 U Moloney murine leukemia virus RT/µg RNA (R ...
R4, a non-LTR retrotransposon specific to the
... LTR and non-LTR classes revealed only one additionalregionof similarity, a putative nucleic acid binding motif containing three cysteine (C) and one histidine (H) residues downstream of the reverse transcriptase domain. As shown in Figure 3, this CCHC motif is similar to motifs found in R1 and R2 el ...
... LTR and non-LTR classes revealed only one additionalregionof similarity, a putative nucleic acid binding motif containing three cysteine (C) and one histidine (H) residues downstream of the reverse transcriptase domain. As shown in Figure 3, this CCHC motif is similar to motifs found in R1 and R2 el ...
Amino acids in Arctic aerosols
... terrestrial dust, phytoplankton production, bacteria and biological degradation (Dittmar et al., 2001) is likely primary sources of free and combined amino acids (Ge et al., 2011). Amino acids are also detected in volcanic emissions (Mukhin et al., 1978) and tobacco smoke and therefore may be associ ...
... terrestrial dust, phytoplankton production, bacteria and biological degradation (Dittmar et al., 2001) is likely primary sources of free and combined amino acids (Ge et al., 2011). Amino acids are also detected in volcanic emissions (Mukhin et al., 1978) and tobacco smoke and therefore may be associ ...
Regulation of the Escherichia coli Tryptophan Operon by Early
... 3-methylanthranilic acid (3MA) and 7-methylindole, cause derepression of the trp operon through feedback inhibition of anthranilate synthetase. Tyrosine reverses 3MA or 7-methylindole derepression, apparently by increasing the amount of chorismic acid available to the tryptophan pathway. A mutant is ...
... 3-methylanthranilic acid (3MA) and 7-methylindole, cause derepression of the trp operon through feedback inhibition of anthranilate synthetase. Tyrosine reverses 3MA or 7-methylindole derepression, apparently by increasing the amount of chorismic acid available to the tryptophan pathway. A mutant is ...
Optimal codon randomization via mathematical programming
... Two techniques provide additional flexibility in shaping codon bias beyond conventional codon degeneracy. The first is the use of so-called “spiked” or “doped” oligonucleotides, whereby during DNA synthesis, non-equimolar proportions of the four bases are used at some – or all – of the codon's three n ...
... Two techniques provide additional flexibility in shaping codon bias beyond conventional codon degeneracy. The first is the use of so-called “spiked” or “doped” oligonucleotides, whereby during DNA synthesis, non-equimolar proportions of the four bases are used at some – or all – of the codon's three n ...
Genome organization of Magnaporthe grisea
... inoculate 50 ml of liquid complete medium (CM) in 250-ml Erlenmeyer flasks. The flasks were incubated at 25—30°C with shaking at 200 rpm using an orbital shaker. After 2—3 days, the cultures were homogenized using a sterile Waring microblender and the sheared mycelium was shaken for 1 additional day ...
... inoculate 50 ml of liquid complete medium (CM) in 250-ml Erlenmeyer flasks. The flasks were incubated at 25—30°C with shaking at 200 rpm using an orbital shaker. After 2—3 days, the cultures were homogenized using a sterile Waring microblender and the sheared mycelium was shaken for 1 additional day ...
x - SharpSchool
... K. Strengths of Acids and Bases two different acids (or bases) can have the same [ ] but have different strengths eg) 1 M CH3COOH(aq) and 1 M HCl(aq) will react in the same way but not to the same degree the stronger the acid, the more electricity it conducts, ...
... K. Strengths of Acids and Bases two different acids (or bases) can have the same [ ] but have different strengths eg) 1 M CH3COOH(aq) and 1 M HCl(aq) will react in the same way but not to the same degree the stronger the acid, the more electricity it conducts, ...
Student 5
... Folate is essential for the synthesis of nucleic acids RNA and DNA. The causes of folate deficiency are not eating enough food that contains folic acid. Humans need to take folate, as we are not capable of synthesising folate in the body, which means that they depend on sufficient levels of it in th ...
... Folate is essential for the synthesis of nucleic acids RNA and DNA. The causes of folate deficiency are not eating enough food that contains folic acid. Humans need to take folate, as we are not capable of synthesising folate in the body, which means that they depend on sufficient levels of it in th ...
The present application is directed towards an increased
... potential of epoxides. Moreover, computational chemistry was used to explain the mechanisms behind the results obtained in these studies. Based on the achieved results the prediction of the sensitization potential of new epoxy resin monomers and other epoxides could rely more on chemical reactivity, ...
... potential of epoxides. Moreover, computational chemistry was used to explain the mechanisms behind the results obtained in these studies. Based on the achieved results the prediction of the sensitization potential of new epoxy resin monomers and other epoxides could rely more on chemical reactivity, ...
Feodor Lynen - Nobel Lecture
... yeast cells in this phase must also be rich in acetylated coenzyme A, and would be a suitable starting material for its isolation. We might not have attempted to isolate acetyl- CoA but for the fact that I was already possessed by the idea that it was a thio ester. I can still remember exactly how t ...
... yeast cells in this phase must also be rich in acetylated coenzyme A, and would be a suitable starting material for its isolation. We might not have attempted to isolate acetyl- CoA but for the fact that I was already possessed by the idea that it was a thio ester. I can still remember exactly how t ...
Correlation of amino acid preference and
... of problem, we did not investigate alternative classification methods. The SVM package that was used, SVMlight , was developed by Joachims (Joachims, 1999, 2002). This package is available for download at http://www.svmlight.joachims.org/. The format of the training data for this package is the clas ...
... of problem, we did not investigate alternative classification methods. The SVM package that was used, SVMlight , was developed by Joachims (Joachims, 1999, 2002). This package is available for download at http://www.svmlight.joachims.org/. The format of the training data for this package is the clas ...
Natural abundance of 15N in amino acids and
... intermediate to form the final product homospd using the NADH produced by process (1). The exceedingly high enrichment of d15N in homospd molecules separated from nodules and the contrasting small enrichment of those from rhizobia ( Table 4) suggest the possibility that reactions to form homospd in ...
... intermediate to form the final product homospd using the NADH produced by process (1). The exceedingly high enrichment of d15N in homospd molecules separated from nodules and the contrasting small enrichment of those from rhizobia ( Table 4) suggest the possibility that reactions to form homospd in ...
Biology 101-003
... • Know what sex linked genes are and be able to solve problems on sex linkage. • Know what a karyotype is and what it is used for. • Know what nondisjunction, aneuploidy, monosomy, and trisomy are. Be able to give an example of nondisjunction of autosomes. Know the examples of nondisjunction of sex ...
... • Know what sex linked genes are and be able to solve problems on sex linkage. • Know what a karyotype is and what it is used for. • Know what nondisjunction, aneuploidy, monosomy, and trisomy are. Be able to give an example of nondisjunction of autosomes. Know the examples of nondisjunction of sex ...
Semmelweis University Department of Medical Biochemistry
... recommended textbook, the lectures and the seminars. The questions are divided in two blocks and further points are added to the score from each block on the basis of the midterms performed during the fall semester of 2009-2010 year. (Students of FM course may write the midterm exams in the fall sem ...
... recommended textbook, the lectures and the seminars. The questions are divided in two blocks and further points are added to the score from each block on the basis of the midterms performed during the fall semester of 2009-2010 year. (Students of FM course may write the midterm exams in the fall sem ...
organonitrogen compounds i. amines
... 23-5A lnfrared and Ultraviolet Spectra A characteristic feature of the infrared spectra of primary and secondary amines is the moderately weak absorption at 3500 cm-l to 3300 cm-l, which corresponds to N-H stretching vibrations. Primary amines have two such bands in this region, whereas secondary am ...
... 23-5A lnfrared and Ultraviolet Spectra A characteristic feature of the infrared spectra of primary and secondary amines is the moderately weak absorption at 3500 cm-l to 3300 cm-l, which corresponds to N-H stretching vibrations. Primary amines have two such bands in this region, whereas secondary am ...
06a Organic Acids 2
... • ↑ Fe3+ → ↓ [citric acid], ↑ [oxalic acid], CO2 No iron vessels (not even stainless steel) • Addition of Cu and Zn salts as iron antagonist Typically using Aspergillus niger on sugar media • Use of alcanes and Candida yeast as biocatalyst: + ↑ product yields -low sloubility of substrate (↓ product ...
... • ↑ Fe3+ → ↓ [citric acid], ↑ [oxalic acid], CO2 No iron vessels (not even stainless steel) • Addition of Cu and Zn salts as iron antagonist Typically using Aspergillus niger on sugar media • Use of alcanes and Candida yeast as biocatalyst: + ↑ product yields -low sloubility of substrate (↓ product ...
University: Suez Canal University Faculty of Medicine Course
... 18. Describe the metabolism of dietary folic acid and identify the specific THF cofactors that are required for the synthesis of purine bases and thymidine. 19. Discuss nucleotide analogs and its uses. 20. Describe the mechanisms by which methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil, chemotherapeutic agents, can ...
... 18. Describe the metabolism of dietary folic acid and identify the specific THF cofactors that are required for the synthesis of purine bases and thymidine. 19. Discuss nucleotide analogs and its uses. 20. Describe the mechanisms by which methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil, chemotherapeutic agents, can ...
A component of calcium-activated potassium channels encoded by
... Fig. 3. Diagrammatic representation and hydrophobicity plot of overlapping slo cDNAs that were assembled to yield a composite sequence. (A) The three CDNAs drawn to scale. Dashed underlines, CDNA segments that were assembled into the composite shown below; open boxes, open reading frames; hatched bo ...
... Fig. 3. Diagrammatic representation and hydrophobicity plot of overlapping slo cDNAs that were assembled to yield a composite sequence. (A) The three CDNAs drawn to scale. Dashed underlines, CDNA segments that were assembled into the composite shown below; open boxes, open reading frames; hatched bo ...
Amino Acid Sequences containing Cysteine or Cystine Residues in
... Plakalbumin is a modified ovalbumin formed by limited proteolysis of ovalbumin by subtilisin (Ottesen 1958) which cleaves relatively few peptide bonds and releases only small molecular weight peptides (Ottesen and Wollen berger 1952). It also enables dissociation in acid-urea solution, of a 33-resid ...
... Plakalbumin is a modified ovalbumin formed by limited proteolysis of ovalbumin by subtilisin (Ottesen 1958) which cleaves relatively few peptide bonds and releases only small molecular weight peptides (Ottesen and Wollen berger 1952). It also enables dissociation in acid-urea solution, of a 33-resid ...
Nucleic acid analogue
Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.