Biological sequence analysis
... Easy for nucleotides, but we need colour to depict up to 20 amino acid proportions. Idea: overall height at position l proportional to information content (2-Hl); proportions of each nucleotide ( or amino acid) are in relation to their observed frequency at that ...
... Easy for nucleotides, but we need colour to depict up to 20 amino acid proportions. Idea: overall height at position l proportional to information content (2-Hl); proportions of each nucleotide ( or amino acid) are in relation to their observed frequency at that ...
aerobic respiration
... 1. Most of the energy is acquired by NADH; three molecules are produced during each turn of the cycle. 2. The reactions of the electron transport chain occur in the inner mitochondrial membrane. 3. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy 4. The mitochondrial membranes segregate the enzymes and reactant ...
... 1. Most of the energy is acquired by NADH; three molecules are produced during each turn of the cycle. 2. The reactions of the electron transport chain occur in the inner mitochondrial membrane. 3. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy 4. The mitochondrial membranes segregate the enzymes and reactant ...
Lesson Overview
... Covalent bonds called peptide bonds link amino acids together to form a polypeptide. A protein is a functional molecule built from one or more polypeptides. ...
... Covalent bonds called peptide bonds link amino acids together to form a polypeptide. A protein is a functional molecule built from one or more polypeptides. ...
Allied Biochemistry II - E
... (1) proteins are denatured by the SDS (2) proteins have the same charge-to-mass ratio (3) smaller proteins migrate more rapidly through the gel (4) all of the above 26. Proteins can be visualized directly in gels by (1) staining them with the dye (2) using electron microscope only (3) measuring thei ...
... (1) proteins are denatured by the SDS (2) proteins have the same charge-to-mass ratio (3) smaller proteins migrate more rapidly through the gel (4) all of the above 26. Proteins can be visualized directly in gels by (1) staining them with the dye (2) using electron microscope only (3) measuring thei ...
presentation source (powerpoint)
... DNA form. Afterwards we embarked on the journey of cleaning the cDNA and inserting it into bacteria. ...
... DNA form. Afterwards we embarked on the journey of cleaning the cDNA and inserting it into bacteria. ...
Test 1
... The standard free energy change for ATP hydrolysis is –30.5 kJ/mol and for glycerol-3phosphate hydrolysis is –9.2 kJ/mol. (a) Calculate ∆Go ' for the glycerokinase reaction: ...
... The standard free energy change for ATP hydrolysis is –30.5 kJ/mol and for glycerol-3phosphate hydrolysis is –9.2 kJ/mol. (a) Calculate ∆Go ' for the glycerokinase reaction: ...
DNA Replication and Telomere Maintenance
... • DNA polymerase I removes the RNA primers and replaces them with complementary dNTPs. • DNA ligase catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between adjacent Okazaki ...
... • DNA polymerase I removes the RNA primers and replaces them with complementary dNTPs. • DNA ligase catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between adjacent Okazaki ...
Ess | Rebekah Ess Biology Lab November 2, 2012 “Genomic DNA
... mastodon, who would be the closest out-group to elephants and mammoths, are to this day extinct which makes it considerably harder to find material for genetic analysis. Rohland et al. used “a combination of modern DNA sequencing and targeted PCR amplification to obtain a large data set for comparin ...
... mastodon, who would be the closest out-group to elephants and mammoths, are to this day extinct which makes it considerably harder to find material for genetic analysis. Rohland et al. used “a combination of modern DNA sequencing and targeted PCR amplification to obtain a large data set for comparin ...
A Frameshift Mutation Leading to Type 1
... grossly intact. Such a gross mapping strategy will not detect small rearrangements within an allele, or disturbance of the 3'-end of the gene, but it can a t least indicate the presence or absence of both alleles. We elected to search for the genetic basis of the deficiency by sequencing amplified D ...
... grossly intact. Such a gross mapping strategy will not detect small rearrangements within an allele, or disturbance of the 3'-end of the gene, but it can a t least indicate the presence or absence of both alleles. We elected to search for the genetic basis of the deficiency by sequencing amplified D ...
Chapter 1
... 19. Explain how an acid-base buffer system functions. There are three main acid-base buffer systems in the body. They are chemical substances that combine with acids or bases when either occurs in excess. The substances in these systems function by shedding or accepting hydrogen ions in the presence ...
... 19. Explain how an acid-base buffer system functions. There are three main acid-base buffer systems in the body. They are chemical substances that combine with acids or bases when either occurs in excess. The substances in these systems function by shedding or accepting hydrogen ions in the presence ...
Bacterial Transformation - Eastern Regional High School
... bacteria by uptake of foreign/new DNA ...
... bacteria by uptake of foreign/new DNA ...
Chapter 21
... a. Aerobic respiration of glucose—carbonic acid. b. Anaerobic respiration of glucose—lactic acid. c. Incomplete oxidation of fatty acids—acidic ketone bodies. d. Oxidation of amino acids containing sulfur—sulfuric acid. e. Breakdown of phospho- and nucleoproteins—phosphoric acid. 17. Distinguish bet ...
... a. Aerobic respiration of glucose—carbonic acid. b. Anaerobic respiration of glucose—lactic acid. c. Incomplete oxidation of fatty acids—acidic ketone bodies. d. Oxidation of amino acids containing sulfur—sulfuric acid. e. Breakdown of phospho- and nucleoproteins—phosphoric acid. 17. Distinguish bet ...
Next Generation Sequencing - Erasmus Observatory on Health Law
... accept clinical standards likely the most significant challenge in managing and reporting genome sequencing data • EHR considerations – test ordering, archiving of NGS reports, patient consent, data (reinterpretation?) ...
... accept clinical standards likely the most significant challenge in managing and reporting genome sequencing data • EHR considerations – test ordering, archiving of NGS reports, patient consent, data (reinterpretation?) ...
Metabolic engineering Synthetic Biology
... of core components (parts of enzymes, genetic circuits, metabolic pathways, etc.) that can be modeled, understood, and tuned to meet specific performance criteria, and the assembly of these smaller parts and devices into larger integrated systems that solve specific problems. ...
... of core components (parts of enzymes, genetic circuits, metabolic pathways, etc.) that can be modeled, understood, and tuned to meet specific performance criteria, and the assembly of these smaller parts and devices into larger integrated systems that solve specific problems. ...
Chapter 03
... 3.3 Cells make a huge number of large molecules from a limited set of small molecules The four classes of biological molecules contain very large molecules. – They are often called macromolecules because of their large size. – They are also called polymers because they are made from identical bui ...
... 3.3 Cells make a huge number of large molecules from a limited set of small molecules The four classes of biological molecules contain very large molecules. – They are often called macromolecules because of their large size. – They are also called polymers because they are made from identical bui ...
Genetic recombination in bacteria: horizon of the beginnings
... together are about 33 kb long and consist of about 40 genes. The tra locus includes the pilin gene and regulatory genes, which together form pili on the cell surface, polymeric proteins that can attach themselves to the surface of F- bacteria and initiate the conjugation. Several proteins coded for ...
... together are about 33 kb long and consist of about 40 genes. The tra locus includes the pilin gene and regulatory genes, which together form pili on the cell surface, polymeric proteins that can attach themselves to the surface of F- bacteria and initiate the conjugation. Several proteins coded for ...
The effect of DNA phase structure on DNA walks
... compensate each other. DNA walks analyzing purines and pyrimidines depend strongly on whether one looks only at the first position of the codons, only at the second, only at the third, or at all three positions together. The spiders introduced by us – DNA walks respecting positions in codons – make ...
... compensate each other. DNA walks analyzing purines and pyrimidines depend strongly on whether one looks only at the first position of the codons, only at the second, only at the third, or at all three positions together. The spiders introduced by us – DNA walks respecting positions in codons – make ...
BIOCHEMISTRY (CHEM 360)
... Although “Aldolase” type enzymes are commonly known to catalyze C-C bond cleavage in the glycolysis pathway, they also catalyze amino acid transformations (also undergoing C-C bond cleavage). Complete the reaction below and outline the mechanism of the reaction with curly arrows in the presence of a ...
... Although “Aldolase” type enzymes are commonly known to catalyze C-C bond cleavage in the glycolysis pathway, they also catalyze amino acid transformations (also undergoing C-C bond cleavage). Complete the reaction below and outline the mechanism of the reaction with curly arrows in the presence of a ...
Types of RNA
... (miRNA; 21-22 nt) are found in eukaryotes and act through RNA interference (RNAi), where an effector complex of miRNA and enzymes can cleave complementary mRNA, block the mRNA from being translated, or accelerate its degradation. While small interfering RNAs (siRNA; 20-25 nt) are often produced by b ...
... (miRNA; 21-22 nt) are found in eukaryotes and act through RNA interference (RNAi), where an effector complex of miRNA and enzymes can cleave complementary mRNA, block the mRNA from being translated, or accelerate its degradation. While small interfering RNAs (siRNA; 20-25 nt) are often produced by b ...
Classification of pseudo pairs between nucleotide bases and amino
... can geometrically make pseudo pairs through N1–H(G) . . . O(Asn/Gln) and O6(G) . . . H–N(Asn/Gln) as proposed by Cheng et al. (26), these pairs were not observed either by them or by us. Both uracil and thymine pair with Asn and Gln in two different geometries at their Watson–Crick edges. In both ps ...
... can geometrically make pseudo pairs through N1–H(G) . . . O(Asn/Gln) and O6(G) . . . H–N(Asn/Gln) as proposed by Cheng et al. (26), these pairs were not observed either by them or by us. Both uracil and thymine pair with Asn and Gln in two different geometries at their Watson–Crick edges. In both ps ...
Nucleic acid analogue
Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.