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NUCLEIC ACID CATALYSTS: COMPARING THE MECHANISMS OF
NUCLEIC ACID CATALYSTS: COMPARING THE MECHANISMS OF

Biological Molecules Concept Map
Biological Molecules Concept Map

... Map reads smoothly and Map reads smoothly and logically in all places and logically most of the it reads from general to time and it reads from more specific. The map general to more specific. ...
Long-span, mate-pair scaffolding and other methods for
Long-span, mate-pair scaffolding and other methods for

... needed to accurately assemble complex repeat-rich genomes. The ...
typing methods - Micro-Rao
typing methods - Micro-Rao

... The discriminatory power depends on the choice of probes. The process requires costly reagents and equipment besides being labour intensive. 5. Nucleotide Sequence Analysis: Genotype information at highest precision may be determined as DNA (or RNA) nucleotide-base sequences. RNA's are often sequenc ...
A prophage-encoded actin-like protein required for efficient viral
A prophage-encoded actin-like protein required for efficient viral

... tenance of low copy plasmids, such as P1 prophage from Escherichia coli (28–30). Actin-like proteins also play a major role in cell growth and shape determination. MreB is the archetype of the bacterial cytoskeletal proteins (31–33). The MreB structure revealed homology to actin (34). MreB and its h ...
Foundations of Biology - Geoscience Research Institute
Foundations of Biology - Geoscience Research Institute

... (antisense) strand ...
in Power-Point Format
in Power-Point Format

powerpoint
powerpoint

... 2. Mutagens can cause gene mutations that may have harmful effects in future generations ...
MUTATIONS
MUTATIONS

Mate-pair, paired ends - molecularevolution.org
Mate-pair, paired ends - molecularevolution.org

... • Most basic file format to represent nucleotide or amino-acid sequences • Each sequence is represented by: – A single description line (shouldn’t exceed 80 characters): • Starts with “>” • Followed by the sequence ID, and a space, then • More information (description) ...
proposal for complex variants
proposal for complex variants

... replacing nucleotides c.123 to c.4567 of the coding DNA sequence of the transcript of interest with nucleotides c.123 to c.678 from a transcript sequence as present in GenBank file NM_004006 (version 1), but with an additional G>C substitution at position 440 of NM_004006.1. c.123+54_123+55insAB0123 ...
HiSeq 2500 Applications Brochure
HiSeq 2500 Applications Brochure

... The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has accelerated genomics at a spectacular pace. The first complete human genome was sequenced in 2003—a feat requiring over 10 years, hundreds of sequencers, and the collaboration of dozens of laboratories around the world. Now NGS has taken us from a g ...
The distribution of DNA translocation times in solid
The distribution of DNA translocation times in solid

Cloning a Gene for Over-expression and Purification
Cloning a Gene for Over-expression and Purification

... Cloning a Gene for Over-expression and Purification Motivation: produce a bioremediation enzyme to metabolize herbicide residues in soil. Nitroreductase is able to metabolize herbicides such as 2,4dinitrophenol. However this enzyme denatures readily: is it too delicate for field work. NADH-oxidase ( ...
Fly-FISHing: A protocol to localize single copy genes inside the
Fly-FISHing: A protocol to localize single copy genes inside the

... dimensional scans with a conventional Zeiss Laser scanning microscope. By using two or multiple layers of antibodies, signal size can be increased. An alternative for very small probes is the amplification of the signal with a peroxidase reaction using fluorescently labeled tyramids (Gemkow et al., ...
Amino Acids
Amino Acids

htr1A - Utrecht University Repository
htr1A - Utrecht University Repository

... and mouse (accession no. NM_008308) sequences. For the sake of clarity, amino acids are presented in groups of 10. Completely identical residues are boxed, and transmembrane regions, according to the SWISSPROT Web site, are printed bold. Note that the exact positions of the transmembrane segments ar ...
Biotechnology Lectures (PowerPoints)
Biotechnology Lectures (PowerPoints)

... Applications of Genetic Engineering A. One field in which genetic engineering has had a huge impact is the mass production of insulin to help diabetics. Scientists have isolated the gene responsible for making human proteins, including the insulin hormone. This gene is inserted into the bacterial D ...
The Ancestry of a Gene - 2009
The Ancestry of a Gene - 2009

Nitrogen Metabolism, Ammonia Degradation and Urea Formation
Nitrogen Metabolism, Ammonia Degradation and Urea Formation

... UREA Urea is the major disposal form of amino groups derived from amino acids. 90% of the nitrogen containing components of urine are urea. The carbon and oxygen of urea are derived from CO2. Urea is produced by the liver, transported in the blood to the kidneys for excretion. ...
Dot plot
Dot plot

... amplification and will consequently reduce the yield of the desired product. • Too high Ta – may yield little product, as the likelihood of primer annealing is reduced. ...
Cell evolution
Cell evolution

... • Cells store their genetic information as DNA, transcribe genes into RNA, and translate the RNA messages into enzymes and other proteins. • Many researchers have proposed that the first hereditary material was RNA, not DNA. • RNA can also function as an enzymes, it helps resolve the paradox of whic ...
Contents
Contents

... At the outset, the senior author of the book welcomes his two sons, Dr. Sunjay Jain and Er. Nitin Jain who have joined me as coauthors of this text, a credit which would have been given earlier to them as they were helping in a latent way in the evolution of the book for the past many years. Thirty ...
Determination of a 17484 bp nucleotide sequence
Determination of a 17484 bp nucleotide sequence

... of Sips, which are critical for signal peptidase activity (van Dijl e t al., 1995), were also conserved. Therefore, it is likely that Orf4 is another signal peptidase I of the Sips type. T o determine how many genes encoding Sips-like proteins are present in the B. stlbtilis chromosome, we performed ...
Heredity - Monroe County Schools
Heredity - Monroe County Schools

... • Note- taking worksheet with PowerPoint • Workbook p. 29-30 ...
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Nucleic acid analogue



Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.
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