AP Environmental Science Summer Reading
... 10. Describe the energy efficiency of meat production? Do you think this trend is sustainable if the population of the planet continues to grow and rely heavily on a protein rich meat diet? 11. ...
... 10. Describe the energy efficiency of meat production? Do you think this trend is sustainable if the population of the planet continues to grow and rely heavily on a protein rich meat diet? 11. ...
size-selective harvesting alters life histories of a temperate sex
... will select for changes in a number of different life history characteristics. For example, fishing often targets larger individuals and has been shown repeatedly to alter population size structure and growth rates, and the timing of maturation. For sex-changing species, selective fishing practices ca ...
... will select for changes in a number of different life history characteristics. For example, fishing often targets larger individuals and has been shown repeatedly to alter population size structure and growth rates, and the timing of maturation. For sex-changing species, selective fishing practices ca ...
Ecological communities in variable environments : dynamics
... Autocorrelation (with lag 1) describes the average degree of similarity (correlation) between consecutive observations in a data series. An eigenvalue is a property of a square matrix (a table with an equal number of rows and columns). In, e.g., community models, the stability of a system that is go ...
... Autocorrelation (with lag 1) describes the average degree of similarity (correlation) between consecutive observations in a data series. An eigenvalue is a property of a square matrix (a table with an equal number of rows and columns). In, e.g., community models, the stability of a system that is go ...
Population Ecology of Some Warblers of Northeastern
... found, are then cited as the reason competition is not eliminating all but one of the species. Unfortunately, however, differences in food and space requirements are neither always necessary nor always sufficient to prevent competition and permit coexistence. Actually, to permit coexistence it seems ...
... found, are then cited as the reason competition is not eliminating all but one of the species. Unfortunately, however, differences in food and space requirements are neither always necessary nor always sufficient to prevent competition and permit coexistence. Actually, to permit coexistence it seems ...
An improved technique for isolating codominant compound
... We used the individually designed primer in combination with a compound SSR primer ((TC)6(AC)5 or (AC)6(AG)5) to amplify each compound SSR region of 22 D. trifidus individual trees (Table 1). Of these 13 primer pairs, 12 produced one or two bands, and one produced multiple bands. The former 12 prime ...
... We used the individually designed primer in combination with a compound SSR primer ((TC)6(AC)5 or (AC)6(AG)5) to amplify each compound SSR region of 22 D. trifidus individual trees (Table 1). Of these 13 primer pairs, 12 produced one or two bands, and one produced multiple bands. The former 12 prime ...
Species extinctions in food webs – local and regional processes Anna Eklöf
... Loss of biodiversity is one of the most severe threats to the ecosystems of the world. The major causes behind the high population and species extinction rates are anthropogenic activities such as overharvesting of natural populations, pollution, climate change and destruction and fragmentation of n ...
... Loss of biodiversity is one of the most severe threats to the ecosystems of the world. The major causes behind the high population and species extinction rates are anthropogenic activities such as overharvesting of natural populations, pollution, climate change and destruction and fragmentation of n ...
A complex adaptive systems approach
... three criteria as the basic ingredients of CASs: 1. Sustained diversity and individuality of components 2. Localized interactions among those components 3. An autonomous process that selects from among those components, based on the results of local interactions Thus, CASs result from three main pro ...
... three criteria as the basic ingredients of CASs: 1. Sustained diversity and individuality of components 2. Localized interactions among those components 3. An autonomous process that selects from among those components, based on the results of local interactions Thus, CASs result from three main pro ...
Perspectives
... were subsequently isolated and analyzed in the same manner, and they fell into the same two groups, one producing a td-CRM and a second that did not (Suskind et al. 1955; Yanofsky and Bonner 1955; Yanofsky 1956; Suskind and Yanofsky 1961). From these findings it was evident that it should be possibl ...
... were subsequently isolated and analyzed in the same manner, and they fell into the same two groups, one producing a td-CRM and a second that did not (Suskind et al. 1955; Yanofsky and Bonner 1955; Yanofsky 1956; Suskind and Yanofsky 1961). From these findings it was evident that it should be possibl ...
High trophic overlap within the seabird community of Argentinean
... were collected from nestling and adult seabirds, as well as prey, during three consecutive breeding seasons in 28 breeding colonies. 2. Relative to those in other temperate and polar regions, this seabird community showed a high degree of overlap in trophic level (TL) among species (93% of species w ...
... were collected from nestling and adult seabirds, as well as prey, during three consecutive breeding seasons in 28 breeding colonies. 2. Relative to those in other temperate and polar regions, this seabird community showed a high degree of overlap in trophic level (TL) among species (93% of species w ...
Life history, population dynamics, standing biomass and
... was reared in laboratory under 20 o C and 25 o C and fed ad libitum on natural seston enriched with algae from laboratory cultures at 10 5 cells mL - 1 . Laboratory data on the duration of development and biomass, together with population dynamics data obtained in the field, were used to estimate su ...
... was reared in laboratory under 20 o C and 25 o C and fed ad libitum on natural seston enriched with algae from laboratory cultures at 10 5 cells mL - 1 . Laboratory data on the duration of development and biomass, together with population dynamics data obtained in the field, were used to estimate su ...
Exons and Introns Characterization in Nucleic Acid Sequences by
... machinery to these cut point [5-6]. Because in higher organisms, the ratio of lengths between exons and introns is very large (about 0.15kb and 10kb, respectively, for humans), there are difficulties in extracting regular features of the structure, allowing the functional sequences (exons) to be pre ...
... machinery to these cut point [5-6]. Because in higher organisms, the ratio of lengths between exons and introns is very large (about 0.15kb and 10kb, respectively, for humans), there are difficulties in extracting regular features of the structure, allowing the functional sequences (exons) to be pre ...
Richness and species composition of arboreal arthropods affected
... samples (all arthropods: 130 individuals; detritivores: 75; herbivores: 14; carnivores: 18). Abundance thresholds were selected to include values observed in 90% of the plots; there were up to three outlying plots with lower abundances within each trophic comparison. For these outlying plots, the ob ...
... samples (all arthropods: 130 individuals; detritivores: 75; herbivores: 14; carnivores: 18). Abundance thresholds were selected to include values observed in 90% of the plots; there were up to three outlying plots with lower abundances within each trophic comparison. For these outlying plots, the ob ...
Chapter 2. Examples of Variation Patterns within Species and Genera
... continuity is difficult to use as a basis for classification. One disadvantage of the use of clines is that each individual cline can be recognized only after analysis of extensive samples from many localities. This makes it impossible to describe all the clines existing in a species, so that the me ...
... continuity is difficult to use as a basis for classification. One disadvantage of the use of clines is that each individual cline can be recognized only after analysis of extensive samples from many localities. This makes it impossible to describe all the clines existing in a species, so that the me ...
Polyembryony in Armadillos - Valdosta State University
... of offspring that optimizes resources per individual. So polyembryony might evolve when offspring have more information about optimal clutch size than their parents do. Although this hypothesis might explain the evolution of polyembryony in many species, it does not account for all of them. In the r ...
... of offspring that optimizes resources per individual. So polyembryony might evolve when offspring have more information about optimal clutch size than their parents do. Although this hypothesis might explain the evolution of polyembryony in many species, it does not account for all of them. In the r ...
Stephen J. Freeland and Melissa Ilardo – Language Evolution in
... the concept of a truly symbolic code is important to much of what follows below. However, we would be remiss in finishing this section without reference to much more recent findings which have resurrected the concept of direct-templating (molecular onomatopoeia). During the late 1980’s, biotechnolog ...
... the concept of a truly symbolic code is important to much of what follows below. However, we would be remiss in finishing this section without reference to much more recent findings which have resurrected the concept of direct-templating (molecular onomatopoeia). During the late 1980’s, biotechnolog ...
Comparison of the effects of artificial and natural barriers on large
... rivers, two landscape features that potentially act as barriers on space use and ranging behaviour of lions Panthera leo, spotted hyenas Crocuta crocuta, African wild dogs Lycaon pictus and cheetahs Acinonyx jubatus in Northern Botswana. We compared the tendencies of these species to cross the barri ...
... rivers, two landscape features that potentially act as barriers on space use and ranging behaviour of lions Panthera leo, spotted hyenas Crocuta crocuta, African wild dogs Lycaon pictus and cheetahs Acinonyx jubatus in Northern Botswana. We compared the tendencies of these species to cross the barri ...
The distance dependence prediction of the Janzen
... systems and quantify the magnitude of particular ecological effects, such as how strongly distance from parent influences propagule survival or how the magnitude of the effect differs across functional groups. Meta-analysis is quantitative, objective and embraces the inherent variation present in mo ...
... systems and quantify the magnitude of particular ecological effects, such as how strongly distance from parent influences propagule survival or how the magnitude of the effect differs across functional groups. Meta-analysis is quantitative, objective and embraces the inherent variation present in mo ...
Coupled Logistic Map for Symbiotic Relations
... A logistic map which describes the population dynamics of a species would be the most famous nonlinear difference equation. The map would have dual significance as an instructive example of the nonlinear dynamics and as an ecological model [1]. In spite of its simple form, it could show us the essen ...
... A logistic map which describes the population dynamics of a species would be the most famous nonlinear difference equation. The map would have dual significance as an instructive example of the nonlinear dynamics and as an ecological model [1]. In spite of its simple form, it could show us the essen ...
bryophytes? Why conserve
... without any reference to lower plants, unless the BBS terrier is out there nipping at the ankles of the authorities. Finally, it’s a matter of communication. These days, with statutory conservation bodies discarding scientific specialists like old shoes, it is increasingly up to us to tell them ab ...
... without any reference to lower plants, unless the BBS terrier is out there nipping at the ankles of the authorities. Finally, it’s a matter of communication. These days, with statutory conservation bodies discarding scientific specialists like old shoes, it is increasingly up to us to tell them ab ...
Commonness and rarity determinants of woody
... of structural and physiological adaptations (Schnitzer and Bongers 2002; Pérez-Salicrup et al. 2004; Letcher and Chazdon 2012). Regarding shrubs, these can be common in the tropical forest communities, especially at higher elevations, where having multiple stems is an advantageous adaptation to low ...
... of structural and physiological adaptations (Schnitzer and Bongers 2002; Pérez-Salicrup et al. 2004; Letcher and Chazdon 2012). Regarding shrubs, these can be common in the tropical forest communities, especially at higher elevations, where having multiple stems is an advantageous adaptation to low ...
Interactions among Foundation Species and Their Consequences
... et al. 1966], mussels within seagrass [Valentine and Heck 1993], clams within macroalgal beds [Gribben et al. 2009]), or (b) the first foundation species to colonize a habitat provides a novel substrate for colonization by and the survival of other foundation species (i.e., tree limbs that host arbo ...
... et al. 1966], mussels within seagrass [Valentine and Heck 1993], clams within macroalgal beds [Gribben et al. 2009]), or (b) the first foundation species to colonize a habitat provides a novel substrate for colonization by and the survival of other foundation species (i.e., tree limbs that host arbo ...
Application of species distribution models to explain and predict the
... Distributions of temperate reef fishes and assemblages INTRODUCTION As the fields of resource management and conservation continue to move towards more spatial and ecosystem-based approaches (e.g. terrestrial reserves, marine protected areas), there is a growing need for spatially explicit, quantit ...
... Distributions of temperate reef fishes and assemblages INTRODUCTION As the fields of resource management and conservation continue to move towards more spatial and ecosystem-based approaches (e.g. terrestrial reserves, marine protected areas), there is a growing need for spatially explicit, quantit ...
Ch 56 PPT
... loss of the genetic variation necessary to enable evolutionary responses to environmental change • Small populations and low genetic diversity do not always lead to extinction ...
... loss of the genetic variation necessary to enable evolutionary responses to environmental change • Small populations and low genetic diversity do not always lead to extinction ...