Chapter 35- Population_ Dynamics
... 35.1 Populations are defined in several ways • Ecologists define a population as a singlespecies group of individuals that use common resources and are regulated by the same environmental factors – Individuals in a population have a high likelihood of interacting and breeding with one another ...
... 35.1 Populations are defined in several ways • Ecologists define a population as a singlespecies group of individuals that use common resources and are regulated by the same environmental factors – Individuals in a population have a high likelihood of interacting and breeding with one another ...
populations
... • Population growth rate: amount the population has changed divided by the time it had to change • Population growth curves: graph how populations grow; used to find • How fast a population could grow • How many individuals there are now • What the future population size could be © 2011 Pearson Educ ...
... • Population growth rate: amount the population has changed divided by the time it had to change • Population growth curves: graph how populations grow; used to find • How fast a population could grow • How many individuals there are now • What the future population size could be © 2011 Pearson Educ ...
长江大学教案模板 - 长江大学精品课程
... ❙ independently manipulate one/few variables ❙ establish appropriate controls Some Potential Pitfalls ❚ A correlation between variables does not establish causation. ❚ Many hypotheses cannot be tested by experimental methods because: ❙ the scale is too large: ❘ patterns may have evolved over long pe ...
... ❙ independently manipulate one/few variables ❙ establish appropriate controls Some Potential Pitfalls ❚ A correlation between variables does not establish causation. ❚ Many hypotheses cannot be tested by experimental methods because: ❙ the scale is too large: ❘ patterns may have evolved over long pe ...
Management of interacting invasives: ecosystem approaches
... the majority of past management actions for alien species has been the formation of separate control or eradication programmes, and most often for the most visibly destructive species (Courchamp and Caut 2005). While such single-species eradications may be successful in terms of their removal of the ...
... the majority of past management actions for alien species has been the formation of separate control or eradication programmes, and most often for the most visibly destructive species (Courchamp and Caut 2005). While such single-species eradications may be successful in terms of their removal of the ...
Invasions and stable isotope analysis – informing ecology and
... Stable isotope analyses can be used to examine the diet of invasive predators. While this provides an integrated picture of an animal’s diet, SIA cannot be used to differentiate between predated and scavenged food items. For example, Stapp (2002) demonstrated that ship rats (Rattus rattus) in the Sh ...
... Stable isotope analyses can be used to examine the diet of invasive predators. While this provides an integrated picture of an animal’s diet, SIA cannot be used to differentiate between predated and scavenged food items. For example, Stapp (2002) demonstrated that ship rats (Rattus rattus) in the Sh ...
Sequentially assembled food webs and extremum principles in
... The larger the value of ε, the closer the interaction matrix is to diagonal dominance (eqn A11; see Hofbauer & Sigmund 1988: 193), and the more likely a community is to persist. A value ε = 0·01 was chosen as a compromise between communities that would be too simple to show significant structure and ...
... The larger the value of ε, the closer the interaction matrix is to diagonal dominance (eqn A11; see Hofbauer & Sigmund 1988: 193), and the more likely a community is to persist. A value ε = 0·01 was chosen as a compromise between communities that would be too simple to show significant structure and ...
13.1 How Did Evolutionary Thought Evolve? Fossil discoveries
... • The Hardy-Weinberg Principle showed that under certain conditions, allele frequencies and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant no matter how many generations pass; in other words, this population will not evolve. • This ideal, non-evolving population is called an equilibrium p ...
... • The Hardy-Weinberg Principle showed that under certain conditions, allele frequencies and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant no matter how many generations pass; in other words, this population will not evolve. • This ideal, non-evolving population is called an equilibrium p ...
1 From plants to communities
... The accession of species into mixtures ................................................................................. 13 ...
... The accession of species into mixtures ................................................................................. 13 ...
The paradox of enrichment in phytoplankton by induced competitive
... species are increasing with the increase in nutrient level. As a consequence, we expect an increase in the possibility of coexistence because of more nutrients for all species1. However, we also expect that the increase in nutrients leads to a more competitive ecosystem between species. According to ...
... species are increasing with the increase in nutrient level. As a consequence, we expect an increase in the possibility of coexistence because of more nutrients for all species1. However, we also expect that the increase in nutrients leads to a more competitive ecosystem between species. According to ...
Classes of Sponges
... Behaviors that an animal exhibits that increases it’s _________. For example: o Defending ___________ o ___________ during the night. ...
... Behaviors that an animal exhibits that increases it’s _________. For example: o Defending ___________ o ___________ during the night. ...
NOBANIS – Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet Procyon lotor
... with the American population and raccoon’s food composition. The spatial behaviour of one individual has been studied in Luxembourg. The use of space, diet composition and parasite infections were investigated in Poland (Bartoszewicz 2005, Bartoszewicz et al. 2008). Currently a detailed research fou ...
... with the American population and raccoon’s food composition. The spatial behaviour of one individual has been studied in Luxembourg. The use of space, diet composition and parasite infections were investigated in Poland (Bartoszewicz 2005, Bartoszewicz et al. 2008). Currently a detailed research fou ...
marine mammals and their environment in the
... that cascades through the food web. The effect of the abundance of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) on the structure of kelp communities (Estes et al. 1998) is the best known example. Anderson (1995) suggested that the extinction of Steller’s sea cow in the Komandorskiye Islands at the end of the 18th ce ...
... that cascades through the food web. The effect of the abundance of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) on the structure of kelp communities (Estes et al. 1998) is the best known example. Anderson (1995) suggested that the extinction of Steller’s sea cow in the Komandorskiye Islands at the end of the 18th ce ...
The interaction between predation and competition
... differentiates between species, and creates an effective mechanism where previously there was none. These outcomes are not restricted to the two-focal species illustrations given here, as multispecies findings for MacArthur’s model14 allow their extension. This new understanding suggests a classific ...
... differentiates between species, and creates an effective mechanism where previously there was none. These outcomes are not restricted to the two-focal species illustrations given here, as multispecies findings for MacArthur’s model14 allow their extension. This new understanding suggests a classific ...
Alpine Arthropod Diversity
... preindustrial times. This development threatens this type of habitats as well as all organisms that inhabit these environments. Knowledge about alpine arthropods is lacking in some areas. Some groups are better known such as Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Aranea but even among these there are clear gap ...
... preindustrial times. This development threatens this type of habitats as well as all organisms that inhabit these environments. Knowledge about alpine arthropods is lacking in some areas. Some groups are better known such as Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Aranea but even among these there are clear gap ...
Current Normative Concepts in Conservation
... nearly twice as diverse as in its historic condition. The cultural introduction of 16 species has made Clear Lake a more diverse aquatic community than it formerly was, but it is now similar to many other aquatic communities and 5 of its native fishes were extirpated, of which 2 are now globally ext ...
... nearly twice as diverse as in its historic condition. The cultural introduction of 16 species has made Clear Lake a more diverse aquatic community than it formerly was, but it is now similar to many other aquatic communities and 5 of its native fishes were extirpated, of which 2 are now globally ext ...
Experimental Zoogeography of Islands
... entire colonization process and defined the measurements reauired-for such studies. T h e idea was conceived of approaching the problem experimentally by the removal of entire arthropod faunas from series of small islands. Six very small mangrove islands of the Florida Keys, each consisting of only ...
... entire colonization process and defined the measurements reauired-for such studies. T h e idea was conceived of approaching the problem experimentally by the removal of entire arthropod faunas from series of small islands. Six very small mangrove islands of the Florida Keys, each consisting of only ...
What can be learnt from a snail?
... migration, together with local selection pressures, must be key components in local adaptation of ecotypes. In an attempt to assess these components, I moved marked individuals from one habitat to the other and used controls moved within habitats, and I also repeated the experiment over four differe ...
... migration, together with local selection pressures, must be key components in local adaptation of ecotypes. In an attempt to assess these components, I moved marked individuals from one habitat to the other and used controls moved within habitats, and I also repeated the experiment over four differe ...
Invasive Species Definition Clarification and Guidance White Paper
... native estuarine plants and the community of animals they support, including huge flocks of migrating waterfowl. Kentucky bluegrass would be considered an invasive species in Rocky Mountain National Park in Colorado, but considered non-invasive a mere 60 miles away at a golf course in Denver. Englis ...
... native estuarine plants and the community of animals they support, including huge flocks of migrating waterfowl. Kentucky bluegrass would be considered an invasive species in Rocky Mountain National Park in Colorado, but considered non-invasive a mere 60 miles away at a golf course in Denver. Englis ...
Vanellus gregarius, Sociable Lapwing
... secured funding through the UK Government's Darwin Initiative programme that will allow work to continue until 2009. A survey of historical breeding sites in the South Urals was conducted in 2005 (Morozov and Kornev 2005) and another at passage sites in south-west Russia was carried out in 2006 (Fie ...
... secured funding through the UK Government's Darwin Initiative programme that will allow work to continue until 2009. A survey of historical breeding sites in the South Urals was conducted in 2005 (Morozov and Kornev 2005) and another at passage sites in south-west Russia was carried out in 2006 (Fie ...
Patterns of Plant Diversity in Georgia and Texas Salt Marshes
... (2) the regional pool (all species encountered within each state), (3) the site pool (all species encountered at a site), and (4) the plot (the average number of species in all 1.0×5.0 m plots within a site). In addition to comparing richness values at each scale, we calculated the contributions of ...
... (2) the regional pool (all species encountered within each state), (3) the site pool (all species encountered at a site), and (4) the plot (the average number of species in all 1.0×5.0 m plots within a site). In addition to comparing richness values at each scale, we calculated the contributions of ...
Inverse density dependence and the Allee effect
... oophagy at high densities. However, females lay more eggs, and eggs with a higher percentage of fertility, when they have been stimulated by successive copulation, which is more likely to occur at high densities. As a result, there is an intermediate optimal population density, above the possible mi ...
... oophagy at high densities. However, females lay more eggs, and eggs with a higher percentage of fertility, when they have been stimulated by successive copulation, which is more likely to occur at high densities. As a result, there is an intermediate optimal population density, above the possible mi ...
On the Use of Surrogate Species in Conservation Biology
... Indicators of population trends in other organisms are usually a single species and may be most successful if the principal factors affecting their population size are well understood (Landres 1983). They need to be monitored relatively easily at least during one stage of their life cycle (Temple & ...
... Indicators of population trends in other organisms are usually a single species and may be most successful if the principal factors affecting their population size are well understood (Landres 1983). They need to be monitored relatively easily at least during one stage of their life cycle (Temple & ...
