Ecological opportunity and the adaptive
... Establishment of a new phenotype within a community requires that a population maintain a viable population size in the face of both abiotic conditions and interspecific interactions experienced within the community. We use the term “new phenotype” to refer to a population possessing a phenotype not ...
... Establishment of a new phenotype within a community requires that a population maintain a viable population size in the face of both abiotic conditions and interspecific interactions experienced within the community. We use the term “new phenotype” to refer to a population possessing a phenotype not ...
11. Coevolution - NC State University
... Darwin and Wallace: The basic idea is that an orchid evolves a long spur to ensure that only specialised pollinators can get access to nectar. A pollinator species evolves a long tongue, and will thus specialise on this plant. This pollinator will therefore always visit the same flower species, thus ...
... Darwin and Wallace: The basic idea is that an orchid evolves a long spur to ensure that only specialised pollinators can get access to nectar. A pollinator species evolves a long tongue, and will thus specialise on this plant. This pollinator will therefore always visit the same flower species, thus ...
Floral adaptation and diversification under pollen limitation
... Figure 1. Graphical model of (a) the limits on total seed production and (b) the reproductive transitions considered in the model of selection on reproductive traits (which also considers outcross siring success). Panel a illustrates combinations of crossfertilization (Fx) and self-fertilization (Fs ...
... Figure 1. Graphical model of (a) the limits on total seed production and (b) the reproductive transitions considered in the model of selection on reproductive traits (which also considers outcross siring success). Panel a illustrates combinations of crossfertilization (Fx) and self-fertilization (Fs ...
Sponge Systematics by Starfish: Predators
... and (4) population-size-dependent vulnerability to extinction depend on knowing how many species are present, which individuals fall into which species, and how large the populations of each species are. Predictions about shifts in distribution patterns or losses of biodiversity that result from cha ...
... and (4) population-size-dependent vulnerability to extinction depend on knowing how many species are present, which individuals fall into which species, and how large the populations of each species are. Predictions about shifts in distribution patterns or losses of biodiversity that result from cha ...
Document
... conditions of temperature (20 ºC) and light in identical plastic tanks. The culture medium was based on minerals and phosphate buffer made up in water of a very high purity. Daphnia were fed with green algae in quantities that maintained constant food availability. The density of each species was th ...
... conditions of temperature (20 ºC) and light in identical plastic tanks. The culture medium was based on minerals and phosphate buffer made up in water of a very high purity. Daphnia were fed with green algae in quantities that maintained constant food availability. The density of each species was th ...
The iconic keystone predator has a pathogen
... result in depressed fertilization rates (eg Levitan et al. 1992) and a reduced likelihood of population recovery. The third aspect of this interaction is whether the wide scale of Pisaster extirpation will change the capacity of the community to respond. What if mussel body size can surpass a thresh ...
... result in depressed fertilization rates (eg Levitan et al. 1992) and a reduced likelihood of population recovery. The third aspect of this interaction is whether the wide scale of Pisaster extirpation will change the capacity of the community to respond. What if mussel body size can surpass a thresh ...
Table 6. Ascus type distribution of Table 4. Linkage of colony morphology
... structural locus (nit1) or the pathway-specific regulatory locus (nit3). Population studies may require pairings of scores of VCG standards with hundreds of field isolates, making VCG testing an arduous task. We have reduced the effort and space required for these pairings by using disposable, plast ...
... structural locus (nit1) or the pathway-specific regulatory locus (nit3). Population studies may require pairings of scores of VCG standards with hundreds of field isolates, making VCG testing an arduous task. We have reduced the effort and space required for these pairings by using disposable, plast ...
Address
... C. odorata from six populations in its native range (five from Mexico and one from Trinidad; Supporting Information Table S1) and six populations in its nonnative range (three from China, two from Vietnam, and one from Laos) in 2009. We also collected seeds from native Eupatorium lingustrinum DC in ...
... C. odorata from six populations in its native range (five from Mexico and one from Trinidad; Supporting Information Table S1) and six populations in its nonnative range (three from China, two from Vietnam, and one from Laos) in 2009. We also collected seeds from native Eupatorium lingustrinum DC in ...
Identification of complex vertebral malformation carriers in Holstein
... edu/dcaps/dcaps.html). The forward primer for PCR was 5ꞌ-GCTCTCCTCTGTAATCCCCA-3ꞌ. The reverse primer was 5ꞌ-CCACTGGAAAAACTAGCTGTGAGTA-3ꞌ, which was engineered to introduce a point mutation at position 24 (italic) resulting in PCR products of CVM noncarriers containing an RsaI restriction site and pr ...
... edu/dcaps/dcaps.html). The forward primer for PCR was 5ꞌ-GCTCTCCTCTGTAATCCCCA-3ꞌ. The reverse primer was 5ꞌ-CCACTGGAAAAACTAGCTGTGAGTA-3ꞌ, which was engineered to introduce a point mutation at position 24 (italic) resulting in PCR products of CVM noncarriers containing an RsaI restriction site and pr ...
Tilburg University A paleoeconomic theory of co
... responses to economic stimuli. These models have largely focused on biological explanations (e.g., in the case of the Neanderthal extinction; see Flores 1998), or on results from mechanistic models of human-environment interactions that lack fundamental behavioral components (e.g., in the case of me ...
... responses to economic stimuli. These models have largely focused on biological explanations (e.g., in the case of the Neanderthal extinction; see Flores 1998), or on results from mechanistic models of human-environment interactions that lack fundamental behavioral components (e.g., in the case of me ...
Plant Attribute Diversity, Resilience, and Ecosystem Function: The
... characteristics or performance attributes of the individual species present. The debate is now shifting, however, to recognize that the provision of ecosystem services and functions is likely to be related to the distribution of species among guilds or functional groups, and that these distributions ...
... characteristics or performance attributes of the individual species present. The debate is now shifting, however, to recognize that the provision of ecosystem services and functions is likely to be related to the distribution of species among guilds or functional groups, and that these distributions ...
Choosing appropriate temporal and spatial scales for ecological
... climax formation is able to reproduce itself, repeating with essential fidelity the stages of its development. The life history of a formation is a complex but definite process, comparable in its chief features with the life history of an individual plant (Clements 1916, p. 2). Clements’ study area ...
... climax formation is able to reproduce itself, repeating with essential fidelity the stages of its development. The life history of a formation is a complex but definite process, comparable in its chief features with the life history of an individual plant (Clements 1916, p. 2). Clements’ study area ...
Animal species diversity driven by habitat heterogeneity
... animal species group and ecosystem studied, the definition of the structural variable, the measurement of vegetation structure and the temporal and spatial scale of the study. Main conclusions The majority of studies found a positive correlation between habitat heterogeneity/diversity and animal spe ...
... animal species group and ecosystem studied, the definition of the structural variable, the measurement of vegetation structure and the temporal and spatial scale of the study. Main conclusions The majority of studies found a positive correlation between habitat heterogeneity/diversity and animal spe ...
Unit 1 Review Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that
... ____ 17. The American woodcock’s eyes are located near the top of its head, yet it feeds on worms in the soil. This is an example of a. how structural adaptations take longer to occur than behavioural adaptations. b. a behavioural adaptation that allows the bird to obtain the nutrients it requires. ...
... ____ 17. The American woodcock’s eyes are located near the top of its head, yet it feeds on worms in the soil. This is an example of a. how structural adaptations take longer to occur than behavioural adaptations. b. a behavioural adaptation that allows the bird to obtain the nutrients it requires. ...
Population Structure and Reproduction of the Elongated Tortoise
... (1991). The aim of this study was to investigate and to integrate the information on the population structure and reproductive biology, including the mating time, nesting time, clutch size, incubation time, hatching success and hatchling survival rate, of the I. elongata population at Ban Kok Villag ...
... (1991). The aim of this study was to investigate and to integrate the information on the population structure and reproductive biology, including the mating time, nesting time, clutch size, incubation time, hatching success and hatchling survival rate, of the I. elongata population at Ban Kok Villag ...
Transfer of fixed nitrogen to bacteria associated with filamentous
... Mats Westerbom and Hannu Lehtonen Habitat use of predators depends among other factors on food abundance and diet width. According to habitat utilization theories predation is easier in a homogeneous habitat ...
... Mats Westerbom and Hannu Lehtonen Habitat use of predators depends among other factors on food abundance and diet width. According to habitat utilization theories predation is easier in a homogeneous habitat ...
How to enhance the formation of perithecia and the production... crosses. David D. Perkins
... homothallic species to be better at pH 4.5 than on medium of higher pH (Glass et al. 1990). Several homothallic species fail to produce perithecia in the dark or in constant light, although crosses develop normally under an alternating light-dark regime (Raju 1981). (The action spectrum has not been ...
... homothallic species to be better at pH 4.5 than on medium of higher pH (Glass et al. 1990). Several homothallic species fail to produce perithecia in the dark or in constant light, although crosses develop normally under an alternating light-dark regime (Raju 1981). (The action spectrum has not been ...
pdf2
... Figure 1. Examples of experimentally evolved phenotypic changes. (a) Cells of the social bacterium Myxococcus xanthus cooperate to swarm across solid surfaces in search of food and to form multicellular fruiting bodies. Strains initially unable to swarm due to loss of a necessary gene (A) evolved al ...
... Figure 1. Examples of experimentally evolved phenotypic changes. (a) Cells of the social bacterium Myxococcus xanthus cooperate to swarm across solid surfaces in search of food and to form multicellular fruiting bodies. Strains initially unable to swarm due to loss of a necessary gene (A) evolved al ...
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES Grand Cayman Blue iguana Cyclura
... While it is likely that the original population included many animals living in coastal shrubland environments, the Blue iguana now only occurs inland, in natural dry shrubland, and along the margins of dry forest. Adults are primarily terrestrial, occupying rock holes and low tree cavities. Younger ...
... While it is likely that the original population included many animals living in coastal shrubland environments, the Blue iguana now only occurs inland, in natural dry shrubland, and along the margins of dry forest. Adults are primarily terrestrial, occupying rock holes and low tree cavities. Younger ...
Functional traits of woody plants: correspondence of species
... field grown adult plants for a wide range of functional leaf and stem traits. It employs data for 90 diverse woody and semiwoody species in a temperate British and a (sub)Mediterranean Spanish flora, all collected according to a strict protocol. For 12 out of 14 leaf and stem traits we found signifi ...
... field grown adult plants for a wide range of functional leaf and stem traits. It employs data for 90 diverse woody and semiwoody species in a temperate British and a (sub)Mediterranean Spanish flora, all collected according to a strict protocol. For 12 out of 14 leaf and stem traits we found signifi ...
Phytoplankton chytridiomycosis: fungal parasites of phytoplankton
... which is an excellent tool for solving the limitations in the detection of less abundant and rare species (Lefèvre et al., 2010; SimeNgando and Jobard, 2012). Further application of PCR-base methods, primarily of next generation sequencing technologies, will not only advance our quantitative underst ...
... which is an excellent tool for solving the limitations in the detection of less abundant and rare species (Lefèvre et al., 2010; SimeNgando and Jobard, 2012). Further application of PCR-base methods, primarily of next generation sequencing technologies, will not only advance our quantitative underst ...
Recolonizing wolves trigger a trophic cascade in Wisconsin (USA)
... Hoskinson & Mech (1976) found higher white-tailed deer survival on the edges of wolf territories as compared to their centres. Wolves are less likely to hunt in these buffer zones so as to avoid potentially fatal encounters with neighbouring wolf packs (Mech 1977). At local scales, the distribution ...
... Hoskinson & Mech (1976) found higher white-tailed deer survival on the edges of wolf territories as compared to their centres. Wolves are less likely to hunt in these buffer zones so as to avoid potentially fatal encounters with neighbouring wolf packs (Mech 1977). At local scales, the distribution ...
Biodiversity and aquatic ecosystem functioning
... considered from a functional perspective (Martinez, 1996). In the case of ecosystem functioning, two main types of function are generally considered. The first is the productivity of the system, for example in terms of biomass or nutrient fluxes. The second type of function is the "stability" of the ...
... considered from a functional perspective (Martinez, 1996). In the case of ecosystem functioning, two main types of function are generally considered. The first is the productivity of the system, for example in terms of biomass or nutrient fluxes. The second type of function is the "stability" of the ...