Understanding Our Environment
... Abundance -Total number of organisms in a community. Diversity - Number of different species, ecological niches, or genetic variation. Abundance of a particular species often inversely related to community diversity. As general rule, diversity decreases and abundance within species increases whe ...
... Abundance -Total number of organisms in a community. Diversity - Number of different species, ecological niches, or genetic variation. Abundance of a particular species often inversely related to community diversity. As general rule, diversity decreases and abundance within species increases whe ...
How Habitat Edges Change Species Interactions
... An "edge" is one of those ecological features that is hard to define verbally but yet immediately recognizable to observers in the field. Edges are often identifiable as the boundaries separating regions featuring different species of stationary organisms (e.g., mature trees vs. early successional s ...
... An "edge" is one of those ecological features that is hard to define verbally but yet immediately recognizable to observers in the field. Edges are often identifiable as the boundaries separating regions featuring different species of stationary organisms (e.g., mature trees vs. early successional s ...
Modular genetic control of innate behaviors
... neural circuits that drive innate behaviors will be the future challenge for behavioral genetic studies. Finally, a model of modular genetic control of innate behaviors predicts that quantitative differences in gene expression can lead to measurable shifts in behaviors. Indeed, different strains of ...
... neural circuits that drive innate behaviors will be the future challenge for behavioral genetic studies. Finally, a model of modular genetic control of innate behaviors predicts that quantitative differences in gene expression can lead to measurable shifts in behaviors. Indeed, different strains of ...
p-Adic Degeneracy of the Genetic Code
... the C5 (64) space of codons, because 5 is the smallest prime number which contains four nucleotides (A , T , G , C) in DNA, or (A , U , G , C) in RNA, in the form of four different digits. At the first glance, because there are four nucleotides, one could start to think that a 4adic expansion, which ...
... the C5 (64) space of codons, because 5 is the smallest prime number which contains four nucleotides (A , T , G , C) in DNA, or (A , U , G , C) in RNA, in the form of four different digits. At the first glance, because there are four nucleotides, one could start to think that a 4adic expansion, which ...
Ecosystem Loss and Fragmentation: Synthesis
... Loss and fragmentation impact most of the earth’s major biomes from tropical and temperate forests to grasslands and from wetlands to rivers. Quantifying the extent of this loss and fragmentation is difficult – one major problem is determining what vegetation existed historically to establish a benc ...
... Loss and fragmentation impact most of the earth’s major biomes from tropical and temperate forests to grasslands and from wetlands to rivers. Quantifying the extent of this loss and fragmentation is difficult – one major problem is determining what vegetation existed historically to establish a benc ...
Conserving Biodiversity in Urbanizing Areas: Nontraditional Views
... colonization of urban areas by purposefully or accidentally introducing species foreign to the locale. Together colonization, persistence, and extinction sum to determine how aspects of a community (its richness, balance, and uniqueness) vary along a gradient of urbanization (Marzluff 2005). For exa ...
... colonization of urban areas by purposefully or accidentally introducing species foreign to the locale. Together colonization, persistence, and extinction sum to determine how aspects of a community (its richness, balance, and uniqueness) vary along a gradient of urbanization (Marzluff 2005). For exa ...
Ecological non-monotonicity and its effects on complexity and
... 1931). As shown in Fig. 2a, the fitness of many organisms as measured by reproduction and survival (which will determine the population’s increase rate) is often maximal in the middle of an environment gradient (e.g. temperature, salinity, rainfall). Fitness would decrease when the environment gradie ...
... 1931). As shown in Fig. 2a, the fitness of many organisms as measured by reproduction and survival (which will determine the population’s increase rate) is often maximal in the middle of an environment gradient (e.g. temperature, salinity, rainfall). Fitness would decrease when the environment gradie ...
Behavioural biology: an effective and relevant conservation tool
... The beauty of Tinbergen’s four questions is that they force us to consider multiple, complementary explanations for the same behaviour [9]. In terms of saving biodiversity, this framework is especially effective in situations in which the behavioural adaptations of wildlife are at odds with anthropo ...
... The beauty of Tinbergen’s four questions is that they force us to consider multiple, complementary explanations for the same behaviour [9]. In terms of saving biodiversity, this framework is especially effective in situations in which the behavioural adaptations of wildlife are at odds with anthropo ...
An intercontinental comparison of the dynamic
... Mast seeding is taxonomically and geographically widespread (Kelly and Sork 2002). However, the trophic consequences of mast seeding have, thus far, been comprehensively studied in only a few systems. Here, we compare the dynamic behavior of two mast seeding systems with the goal of understanding di ...
... Mast seeding is taxonomically and geographically widespread (Kelly and Sork 2002). However, the trophic consequences of mast seeding have, thus far, been comprehensively studied in only a few systems. Here, we compare the dynamic behavior of two mast seeding systems with the goal of understanding di ...
Ungulates in western coniferous forests: habitat relationships
... integrate spatial patterns across landscapes. Finally, they are often migratory (Wallmo 1981, Nicholson et al. 1997). Their life-history characteristics require consideration of entire landscapes rather than isolated patches of habitat for purposes of conservation and management (Hanley 1996, Kie et ...
... integrate spatial patterns across landscapes. Finally, they are often migratory (Wallmo 1981, Nicholson et al. 1997). Their life-history characteristics require consideration of entire landscapes rather than isolated patches of habitat for purposes of conservation and management (Hanley 1996, Kie et ...
Population Growth and Interactions
... animals to nourish her developing eggs. In her lifetime, she may lay up to 600 eggs. These eggs will remain dormant until conditions are favourable for their growth. Once an Aedes sp. egg hatches, the larva takes about a week to develop into an adult mosquito, which will live about another 14 days. ...
... animals to nourish her developing eggs. In her lifetime, she may lay up to 600 eggs. These eggs will remain dormant until conditions are favourable for their growth. Once an Aedes sp. egg hatches, the larva takes about a week to develop into an adult mosquito, which will live about another 14 days. ...
abstracts - Cascadia Prairie Oak Partnership
... factors (herbivores, pathogens, inter- and intraspecific competition, and microbial community composition-through the use of high-throughput sequencing) influencing population dynamics and reproductive fitness. Populations were chosen to maximize environmental variation, along the latitudinal gradie ...
... factors (herbivores, pathogens, inter- and intraspecific competition, and microbial community composition-through the use of high-throughput sequencing) influencing population dynamics and reproductive fitness. Populations were chosen to maximize environmental variation, along the latitudinal gradie ...
Fauna Conservation Enclosure report
... see http://www.greenskills.org.au/pub/gl/ncp.html Other conservation priority species considered for possible reintroduction to Balijup in the future include Tammar Wallaby, Brush Tailed Phascogale, Western Ring tailed Possum and Brush tailed Possum (with Woylie, Black Gloved Wallaby and other fauna ...
... see http://www.greenskills.org.au/pub/gl/ncp.html Other conservation priority species considered for possible reintroduction to Balijup in the future include Tammar Wallaby, Brush Tailed Phascogale, Western Ring tailed Possum and Brush tailed Possum (with Woylie, Black Gloved Wallaby and other fauna ...
Harmonia axyridis in Europe: spread and distribution of a non
... Harmonia axyridis was used as a biological control agent in Belgium from 1997 (Adriaens et al. 2003). A large-scale ladybird field survey (Coccinula––Belgian ladybird working group, http://www.inbo.be/content/page.asp?pid=EN_FAU_INS_LAD_start) was launched in 1999 in the Walloon region, and 2001 in ...
... Harmonia axyridis was used as a biological control agent in Belgium from 1997 (Adriaens et al. 2003). A large-scale ladybird field survey (Coccinula––Belgian ladybird working group, http://www.inbo.be/content/page.asp?pid=EN_FAU_INS_LAD_start) was launched in 1999 in the Walloon region, and 2001 in ...
Using Small Populations of Wolves for Ecosystem Restoration and
... sites from around the world and report positive wildlifeviewing experiences. Likewise, at the appropriate scale, wolf observation and visitor experience within fenced protected areas can become “authentic” (Montag et al. 2005). Fences are used in the United States to conserve herbivores such as biso ...
... sites from around the world and report positive wildlifeviewing experiences. Likewise, at the appropriate scale, wolf observation and visitor experience within fenced protected areas can become “authentic” (Montag et al. 2005). Fences are used in the United States to conserve herbivores such as biso ...
2008 ICTWS Meeting Program - Idaho Chapter of the Wildlife Society
... Contributed talks are 20 minutes long. Respect other speakers and your audience by staying within your scheduled time. A brief (5 minute) period post-presentation should be left so members of the audience can ask a few questions. Take the time to practice so your delivery fits into the scheduled int ...
... Contributed talks are 20 minutes long. Respect other speakers and your audience by staying within your scheduled time. A brief (5 minute) period post-presentation should be left so members of the audience can ask a few questions. Take the time to practice so your delivery fits into the scheduled int ...
Document
... Effects that we have seen are consequences of this model bij = Fj * Sij • Total tree length Lj of one-to-one trees is proportional to family rate Fj ...
... Effects that we have seen are consequences of this model bij = Fj * Sij • Total tree length Lj of one-to-one trees is proportional to family rate Fj ...
animal mutualistic interactions
... and explain a conceptual framework for defining ecological effects in plant–animal mutualisms. We give recommendations for measuring interaction strength from data collected in field studies based on a proposed approach for the assessment of interaction strength in plant–animal mutualisms. This appr ...
... and explain a conceptual framework for defining ecological effects in plant–animal mutualisms. We give recommendations for measuring interaction strength from data collected in field studies based on a proposed approach for the assessment of interaction strength in plant–animal mutualisms. This appr ...
Competition and Facilitation: a Synthetic Approach to Interactions in
... Our understanding of how interactions among plants affect community structure is largely based on studies in which specific mechanisms have been isolated and analyzed. By this approach, ecologists have shown that resource competition (Connell 1983, Schoener 1983), allelopathy (Rice 1984, Williamson ...
... Our understanding of how interactions among plants affect community structure is largely based on studies in which specific mechanisms have been isolated and analyzed. By this approach, ecologists have shown that resource competition (Connell 1983, Schoener 1983), allelopathy (Rice 1984, Williamson ...
bubo bubo british birds
... density of birds. This emphasises the need for caution when estimating the potential size of a new population. 2. Knowledge of reproductive success and juvenile mortality is crucial to understanding the dynamics of colonisation. D e s p i te t h e h a bi t a t h e tero g en e i t y of Doñana, and th ...
... density of birds. This emphasises the need for caution when estimating the potential size of a new population. 2. Knowledge of reproductive success and juvenile mortality is crucial to understanding the dynamics of colonisation. D e s p i te t h e h a bi t a t h e tero g en e i t y of Doñana, and th ...
Biological Synopsis of the colonial tunicates
... the asexual budding of individual zooids or through fusion with closely-related colonies. This fusion process is controlled by a complex allorecognition system that allows the organism to detect the degree of genetic similarity between adjoining colonies. Both species are hermaphroditic and brood la ...
... the asexual budding of individual zooids or through fusion with closely-related colonies. This fusion process is controlled by a complex allorecognition system that allows the organism to detect the degree of genetic similarity between adjoining colonies. Both species are hermaphroditic and brood la ...
Lack of homology between two haloacetate dehalogenase genes
... between the two enzymes, we compared their structuralgenes. Two restriction fragmentsof the plasmid DNA were subcloned on M13 phages and their nucleotide sequences were determined. The sequence of each fragment contained an open reading frame that was identified as the structuralgene for each of the ...
... between the two enzymes, we compared their structuralgenes. Two restriction fragmentsof the plasmid DNA were subcloned on M13 phages and their nucleotide sequences were determined. The sequence of each fragment contained an open reading frame that was identified as the structuralgene for each of the ...
TITLE: It`s a Puma-eat-Deer-eat-Grass World!
... green because predators reduce the number of herbivores, which allows plants to proliferate. The term “trophic cascade” was coined by Robert Paine in 1980 to describe the effect that predators have on subsequent trophic levels. As in the green world hypothesis, predators suppress prey numbers, there ...
... green because predators reduce the number of herbivores, which allows plants to proliferate. The term “trophic cascade” was coined by Robert Paine in 1980 to describe the effect that predators have on subsequent trophic levels. As in the green world hypothesis, predators suppress prey numbers, there ...
The Link Between Environmental Variation and Evolutionary Shifts
... dramatically among habitats (i.e., permanent vs. seasonal ponds). As a result, environmental conditions may exert selection on the propensity for zooplankton to engage in sexual reproduction and enter dormancy in natural populations. Here, I highlight a growing body of research illustrating an impor ...
... dramatically among habitats (i.e., permanent vs. seasonal ponds). As a result, environmental conditions may exert selection on the propensity for zooplankton to engage in sexual reproduction and enter dormancy in natural populations. Here, I highlight a growing body of research illustrating an impor ...
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
... Kitajima and Poorter, 2010; Kitajima et al., 2012). However, few authors have considered how other defence traits such as leaf colour vary between species along this spectrum of growth and mortality, apart from the original study of Kursar and Coley (1992a). Specifically, there has been no explorati ...
... Kitajima and Poorter, 2010; Kitajima et al., 2012). However, few authors have considered how other defence traits such as leaf colour vary between species along this spectrum of growth and mortality, apart from the original study of Kursar and Coley (1992a). Specifically, there has been no explorati ...